先说说NFC开发总结,看了几天NFC开发资料,搜集了不少关于这方面的资料、demo、以及他人的总结。以下有部分是摘录总结的。因为要是现在总结也是那些,最后附送代码。关于demo我也有,有需要在评论去发邮箱给我。
一、NFC的配置总结
第一:屏幕没有锁住 。 第二:NFC功能已经在设置中打开
当系统检测到一个NFC标签的时候,他会自动去寻找最合适的activity去处理这个intent.
NFC发出的这个Intent将会有三种action:
ACTION_NDEF_DISCOVERED:当系统检测到tag中含有NDEF格式的数据时,且系统中有activity声明可以接受包含NDEF数据的Intent的时候,系统会优先发出这个action的intent。
ACTION_TECH_DISCOVERED:当没有任何一个activity声明自己可以响应ACTION_NDEF_DISCOVERED时,系统会尝试发出TECH的intent.即便你的tag中所包含的数据是NDEF的,但是如果这个数据的MIMEtype或URI不能和任何一个activity所声明的想吻合,系统也一样会尝试发出tech格式的intent,而不是NDEF.
ACTION_TAG_DISCOVERED:当系统发现前两个intent在系统中无人会接受的时候,就只好发这个默认的TAG类型的
二、NFC相关androidManifest文件设置
首先是权限:
<uses-permissionandroid:name="Android.permission.NFC"/>
然后是sdk级别限制:我个人建议API11开始比较合适:
<uses-sdkandroid:minSdkVersion="11"/>
如果是API8,在代码中,nfc功能设置的代码会出错,要抛出
例如:
NfcAdapter mAdapter = NfcAdapter.getDefaultAdapter(this);
mAdapter.isEnabled()
接着是特殊功能限制:
<uses-featureandroid:name="android.hardware.nfc"android:required="true"/>这个生命可以让你的应用在googleplay上被声明使用者必须拥有nfc功能。
三、NFC标签过滤,也在androidManifest文件设置
在activity的intent过滤xml声明中,你可以同时声明过滤这三种action.但是由之前所说,你应该知道系统在发送intent的时候是有优先级的,所以你最好清楚自己最想处理哪个。
1:过滤ACTION_TAG_DISCOVERED:
- <intent-filter>
- <action android:name="android.nfc.action.TAG_DISCOVERED"/>
- <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT"/>
- </intent-filter>
2:过滤ACTION_NDEF_DISCOVERED:
- <intent-filter>
- <action android:name="android.nfc.action.NDEF_DISCOVERED"/>
- <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT"/>
- <data android:mimeType="text/plain" />
- </intent-filter>
3:过滤ACTION_TECH_DISCOVERED:
你首先需要在你的<project-path>/res/xml下面创建一个过滤规则文件。名字任取,比如可以叫做nfc_tech_filter.xml。这个里面定义的是nfc实现的各种标准,每一个nfc卡都会符合多个不同的标准,个人理解为这些标准有些相互之间也是兼容的。你可以在检测到nfc标签后使用getTechList()方法来查看你所检测的tag到底支持哪些nfc标准。
一个nfc_tech_filter.xml中可以定义多个<tech-list>结构组。
- <span style="font-size:18px;"><resources xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:documen</span>t:1.2">
- <tech-list>
- <tech>
- android.nfc.tech.IsoDep</tech>
- <tech>android.nfc.tech.NfcA</tech>
- <tech>android.nfc.tech.NfcB</tech>
- <tech>android.nfc.tech.NfcF</tech>
- </tech-list>
- <tech-list>
- <tech>android.nfc.tech.NfcV</tech>
- <tech>android.nfc.tech.Ndef</tech>
- <tech>android.nfc.tech.NdefFormatable</tech>
- <tech>android.nfc.tech.MifareClassic</tech>
- <tech>android.nfc.tech.MifareUltralight</tech>
- </tech-list>
- </resources>
在androidManifest文件中声明xml过滤的举例如下:
- <activity>
- <intent-filter>
- <action android:name="android.nfc.action.TECH_DISCOVERED"/>
- </intent-filter>
- <meta-data android:name="android.nfc.action.TECH_DISCOVERED"
- android:resource="@xml/nfc_tech_filter" />
- </activity>
四、看具体代码:
1、主要代码实现如下:
- package org.reno.Beam;
- import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
- import java.nio.charset.Charset;
- import java.text.DateFormat;
- import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
- import java.util.Date;
- import java.util.List;
- import java.util.Locale;
- import org.nfc.read.ParsedNdefRecord;
- import android.app.Activity;
- import android.app.AlertDialog;
- import android.app.PendingIntent;
- import android.content.DialogInterface;
- import android.content.Intent;
- import android.nfc.NdefMessage;
- import android.nfc.NdefRecord;
- import android.nfc.NfcAdapter;
- import android.nfc.Tag;
- import android.nfc.tech.MifareClassic;
- import android.nfc.tech.MifareUltralight;
- import android.os.Bundle;
- import android.os.Parcelable;
- import android.provider.Settings;
- import android.widget.TextView;
- public class MainActivity extends Activity {
- private static final DateFormat TIME_FORMAT = SimpleDateFormat
- .getDateTimeInstance();
- private NfcAdapter mAdapter;
- private PendingIntent mPendingIntent;
- private NdefMessage mNdefPushMessage;
- private TextView promt;
- private AlertDialog mDialog;
- @Override
- public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
- setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
- promt = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.promt);
- resolveIntent(getIntent());
- mDialog = new AlertDialog.Builder(this).setNeutralButton("Ok", null)
- .create();
- // 获取默认的NFC控制器
- mAdapter = NfcAdapter.getDefaultAdapter(this);
- //拦截系统级的NFC扫描,例如扫描蓝牙
- mPendingIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(this, 0, new Intent(this,
- getClass()).addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_SINGLE_TOP), 0);
- mNdefPushMessage = new NdefMessage(new NdefRecord[] { newTextRecord("",
- Locale.ENGLISH, true) });
- }
- @Override
- protected void onResume() {
- super.onResume();
- if (mAdapter == null) {
- if (!mAdapter.isEnabled()) {
- showWirelessSettingsDialog();
- }
- showMessage(R.string.error, R.string.no_nfc);
- promt.setText("设备不支持NFC!");
- return;
- }
- if (!mAdapter.isEnabled()) {
- promt.setText("请在系统设置中先启用NFC功能!");
- return;
- }
- if (mAdapter != null) {
- //隐式启动
- mAdapter.enableForegroundDispatch(this, mPendingIntent, null, null);
- mAdapter.enableForegroundNdefPush(this, mNdefPushMessage);
- }
- }
- @Override
- protected void onPause() {
- super.onPause();
- if (mAdapter != null) {
- //隐式启动
- mAdapter.disableForegroundDispatch(this);
- mAdapter.disableForegroundNdefPush(this);
- }
- }
- //16进制字符串转换为String
- private String hexString = "0123456789ABCDEF";
- public String decode(String bytes) {
- if (bytes.length() != 30) {
- return null;
- }
- ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream(
- bytes.length() / 2);
- // 将每2位16进制整数组装成一个字节
- for (int i = 0; i < bytes.length(); i += 2)
- baos.write((hexString.indexOf(bytes.charAt(i)) << 4 | hexString
- .indexOf(bytes.charAt(i + 1))));
- return new String(baos.toByteArray());
- }
- // 字符序列转换为16进制字符串
- private static String bytesToHexString(byte[] src, boolean isPrefix) {
- StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
- if (isPrefix == true) {
- stringBuilder.append("0x");
- }
- if (src == null || src.length <= 0) {
- return null;
- }
- char[] buffer = new char[2];
- for (int i = 0; i < src.length; i++) {
- buffer[0] = Character.toUpperCase(Character.forDigit(
- (src[i] >>> 4) & 0x0F, 16));
- buffer[1] = Character.toUpperCase(Character.forDigit(src[i] & 0x0F,
- 16));
- System.out.println(buffer);
- stringBuilder.append(buffer);
- }
- return stringBuilder.toString();
- }
- private void showMessage(int title, int message) {
- mDialog.setTitle(title);
- mDialog.setMessage(getText(message));
- mDialog.show();
- }
- private NdefRecord newTextRecord(String text, Locale locale,
- boolean encodeInUtf8) {
- byte[] langBytes = locale.getLanguage().getBytes(
- Charset.forName("US-ASCII"));
- Charset utfEncoding = encodeInUtf8 ? Charset.forName("UTF-8") : Charset
- .forName("UTF-16");
- byte[] textBytes = text.getBytes(utfEncoding);
- int utfBit = encodeInUtf8 ? 0 : (1 << 7);
- char status = (char) (utfBit + langBytes.length);
- byte[] data = new byte[1 + langBytes.length + textBytes.length];
- data[0] = (byte) status;
- System.arraycopy(langBytes, 0, data, 1, langBytes.length);
- System.arraycopy(textBytes, 0, data, 1 + langBytes.length,
- textBytes.length);
- return new NdefRecord(NdefRecord.TNF_WELL_KNOWN, NdefRecord.RTD_TEXT,
- new byte[0], data);
- }
- private void showWirelessSettingsDialog() {
- AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(this);
- builder.setMessage(R.string.nfc_disabled);
- builder.setPositiveButton(android.R.string.ok,
- new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
- public void onClick(DialogInterface dialogInterface, int i) {
- Intent intent = new Intent(
- Settings.ACTION_WIRELESS_SETTINGS);
- startActivity(intent);
- }
- });
- builder.setNegativeButton(android.R.string.cancel,
- new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
- public void onClick(DialogInterface dialogInterface, int i) {
- finish();
- }
- });
- builder.create().show();
- return;
- }
- //初步判断是什么类型NFC卡
- private void resolveIntent(Intent intent) {
- String action = intent.getAction();
- if (NfcAdapter.ACTION_TAG_DISCOVERED.equals(action)
- || NfcAdapter.ACTION_TECH_DISCOVERED.equals(action)
- || NfcAdapter.ACTION_NDEF_DISCOVERED.equals(action)) {
- Parcelable[] rawMsgs = intent
- .getParcelableArrayExtra(NfcAdapter.EXTRA_NDEF_MESSAGES);
- NdefMessage[] msgs;
- if (rawMsgs != null) {
- msgs = new NdefMessage[rawMsgs.length];
- for (int i = 0; i < rawMsgs.length; i++) {
- msgs[i] = (NdefMessage) rawMsgs[i];
- }
- } else {
- // Unknown tag type
- byte[] empty = new byte[0];
- byte[] id = intent.getByteArrayExtra(NfcAdapter.EXTRA_ID);
- Parcelable tag = intent
- .getParcelableExtra(NfcAdapter.EXTRA_TAG);
- byte[] payload = dumpTagData(tag).getBytes();
- NdefRecord record = new NdefRecord(NdefRecord.TNF_UNKNOWN,
- empty, id, payload);
- NdefMessage msg = new NdefMessage(new NdefRecord[] { record });
- msgs = new NdefMessage[] { msg };
- }
- // Setup the views
- buildTagViews(msgs);
- }
- }
- //一般公家卡,扫描的信息
- private String dumpTagData(Parcelable p) {
- StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
- Tag tag = (Tag) p;
- byte[] id = tag.getId();
- sb.append("Tag ID (hex): ").append(getHex(id)).append("\n");
- sb.append("Tag ID (dec): ").append(getDec(id)).append("\n");
- sb.append("ID (reversed): ").append(getReversed(id)).append("\n");
- String prefix = "android.nfc.tech.";
- sb.append("Technologies: ");
- for (String tech : tag.getTechList()) {
- sb.append(tech.substring(prefix.length()));
- sb.append(", ");
- }
- sb.delete(sb.length() - 2, sb.length());
- for (String tech : tag.getTechList()) {
- if (tech.equals(MifareClassic.class.getName())) {
- sb.append('\n');
- MifareClassic mifareTag = MifareClassic.get(tag);
- String type = "Unknown";
- switch (mifareTag.getType()) {
- case MifareClassic.TYPE_CLASSIC:
- type = "Classic";
- break;
- case MifareClassic.TYPE_PLUS:
- type = "Plus";
- break;
- case MifareClassic.TYPE_PRO:
- type = "Pro";
- break;
- }
- sb.append("Mifare Classic type: ");
- sb.append(type);
- sb.append('\n');
- sb.append("Mifare size: ");
- sb.append(mifareTag.getSize() + " bytes");
- sb.append('\n');
- sb.append("Mifare sectors: ");
- sb.append(mifareTag.getSectorCount());
- sb.append('\n');
- sb.append("Mifare blocks: ");
- sb.append(mifareTag.getBlockCount());
- }
- if (tech.equals(MifareUltralight.class.getName())) {
- sb.append('\n');
- MifareUltralight mifareUlTag = MifareUltralight.get(tag);
- String type = "Unknown";
- switch (mifareUlTag.getType()) {
- case MifareUltralight.TYPE_ULTRALIGHT:
- type = "Ultralight";
- break;
- case MifareUltralight.TYPE_ULTRALIGHT_C:
- type = "Ultralight C";
- break;
- }
- sb.append("Mifare Ultralight type: ");
- sb.append(type);
- }
- }
- return sb.toString();
- }
- private String getHex(byte[] bytes) {
- StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
- for (int i = bytes.length - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
- int b = bytes[i] & 0xff;
- if (b < 0x10)
- sb.append('0');
- sb.append(Integer.toHexString(b));
- if (i > 0) {
- sb.append(" ");
- }
- }
- return sb.toString();
- }
- private long getDec(byte[] bytes) {
- long result = 0;
- long factor = 1;
- for (int i = 0; i < bytes.length; ++i) {
- long value = bytes[i] & 0xffl;
- result += value * factor;
- factor *= 256l;
- }
- return result;
- }
- private long getReversed(byte[] bytes) {
- long result = 0;
- long factor = 1;
- for (int i = bytes.length - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
- long value = bytes[i] & 0xffl;
- result += value * factor;
- factor *= 256l;
- }
- return result;
- }
- //显示NFC扫描的数据
- private void buildTagViews(NdefMessage[] msgs) {
- if (msgs == null || msgs.length == 0) {
- return;
- }
- // Parse the first message in the list
- // Build views for all of the sub records
- Date now = new Date();
- List<ParsedNdefRecord> records = NdefMessageParser.parse(msgs[0]);
- final int size = records.size();
- for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
- TextView timeView = new TextView(this);
- timeView.setText(TIME_FORMAT.format(now));
- ParsedNdefRecord record = records.get(i);
- promt.append(record.getViewText());
- }
- }
- //获取系统隐式启动的
- @Override
- public void onNewIntent(Intent intent) {
- setIntent(intent);
- resolveIntent(intent);
- }
- }
2、androidManifest配置
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
- <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
- package="org.reno.Beam"
- android:versionCode="1"
- android:versionName="1.0" >
- <uses-sdk
- android:minSdkVersion="11"
- android:targetSdkVersion="16" />
- <!-- 权限 -->
- <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.NFC" />
- <!-- 是否支持谷歌什么硬件一般可以忽略 -->
- <uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.nfc" />
- <application
- android:allowBackup="true"
- android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
- android:label="@string/app_name"
- android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
- <activity
- android:name="org.reno.Beam.MainActivity"
- android:alwaysRetainTaskState="true"
- android:label="@string/app_name"
- android:launchMode="singleInstance"
- android:screenOrientation="nosensor" >
- <intent-filter>
- <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
- <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
- </intent-filter>
- <intent-filter>
- <action android:name="android.nfc.action.TECH_DISCOVERED" />
- <!-- 添加这一条默认设置,能拦截当前页面所有扫描NFC的配置 -->
- <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />
- </intent-filter>
- <!--
- 这个过滤条件我就没有使用了
- <meta-data
- android:name="android.nfc.action.TECH_DISCOVERED"
- android:resource="@xml/nfc_tech_filter" />
- -->
- </activity>
- </application>
- </manifest>
-
- 本文的下载地址demo:http://download.csdn.net/detail/qq_16064871/9324211