ListView 和 Adapter 的基础
工作原理:
- ListView 针对List中每个item,要求 adapter “给我一个视图” (getView)。
- 一个新的视图被返回并显示
如果我们有上亿个项目要显示怎么办?为每个项目创建一个新视图?NO!这不可能!
实际上Android为你缓存了视图。
Android中有个叫做Recycler的构件,下图是他的工作原理:
- 如果你有10亿个项目(item),其中只有可见的项目存在内存中,其他的在Recycler中。
- ListView先请求一个type1视图(getView)然后请求其他可见的项目。convertView在getView中是空(null)的。
- 当item1滚出屏幕,并且一个新的项目从屏幕低端上来时,ListView再请求一个type1视图。convertView此时不是空值了,它的值是item1。你只需设定新的数据然后返回convertView,不必重新创建一个视图。
请看下面的示例代码,这里在getView中使用了System.out进行输出
- public class MultipleItemsList extends ListActivity {
- private MyCustomAdapter mAdapter;
- @Override
- public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
- mAdapter = new MyCustomAdapter();
- for (int i = 0; i < 50; i++) {
- mAdapter.addItem("item " + i);
- }
- setListAdapter(mAdapter);
- }
- private class MyCustomAdapter extends BaseAdapter {
- private ArrayList mData = new ArrayList();
- private LayoutInflater mInflater;
- public MyCustomAdapter() {
- mInflater = (LayoutInflater)getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE);
- }
- public void addItem(final String item) {
- mData.add(item);
- notifyDataSetChanged();
- }
- @Override
- public int getCount() {
- return mData.size();
- }
- @Override
- public String getItem(int position) {
- return mData.get(position);
- }
- @Override
- public long getItemId(int position) {
- return position;
- }
- @Override
- public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
- System.out.println("getView " + position + " " + convertView);
- ViewHolder holder = null;
- if (convertView == null) {
- convertView = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.item1, null);
- holder = new ViewHolder();
- holder.textView = (TextView)convertView.findViewById(R.id.text);
- convertView.setTag(holder);
- } else {
- holder = (ViewHolder)convertView.getTag();
- }
- holder.textView.setText(mData.get(position));
- return convertView;
- }
- }
- public static class ViewHolder {
- public TextView textView;
- }
- }
执行程序,然后在Logcat中查看日志
getView 被调用 9 次 ,convertView 对于所有的可见项目是空值(如下)
- 2-05 13:47:32.559: INFO/System.out(947): getView 0 null
- 02-05 13:47:32.570: INFO/System.out(947): getView 1 null
- 02-05 13:47:32.589: INFO/System.out(947): getView 2 null
- 02-05 13:47:32.599: INFO/System.out(947): getView 3 null
- 02-05 13:47:32.619: INFO/System.out(947): getView 4 null
- 02-05 13:47:32.629: INFO/System.out(947): getView 5 null
- 02-05 13:47:32.708: INFO/System.out(947): getView 6 null
- 02-05 13:47:32.719: INFO/System.out(947): getView 7 null
- 02-05 13:47:32.729: INFO/System.out(947): getView 8 null
然后稍微向下滚动List,直到item10出现:
convertView仍然是空值,因为recycler中没有视图(item1的边缘仍然可见,在顶端)
02
-
05
13
:
48
:
25.169
: INFO/System.out(
947
): getView
9
null
|
再滚动List
convertView不是空值了!item1离开屏幕到Recycler中去了,然后item11被创建
- 02-05 13:48:42.879: INFO/System.out(947): getView 10 android.widget.LinearLayout@437430f8
- 再滚动:
- ?
- 02-05 14:01:31.069: INFO/System.out(947): getView 11 android.widget.LinearLayout@437447d0
- 02-05 14:01:31.142: INFO/System.out(947): getView 12 android.widget.LinearLayout@43744ff8
- 02-05 14:01:31.279: INFO/System.out(947): getView 13 android.widget.LinearLayout@43743fa8
- 02-05 14:01:31.350: INFO/System.out(947): getView 14 android.widget.LinearLayout@43745820
- 02-05 14:01:31.429: INFO/System.out(947): getView 15 android.widget.LinearLayout@43746048
- 02-05 14:01:31.550: INFO/System.out(947): getView 16 android.widget.LinearLayout@43746870
- 02-05 14:01:31.669: INFO/System.out(947): getView 17 android.widget.LinearLayout@43747098
- 02-05 14:01:31.839: INFO/System.out(947): getView 18 android.widget.LinearLayout@437478c0
- 02-05 14:03:30.900: INFO/System.out(947): getView 19 android.widget.LinearLayout@43748df0
- 02-05 14:03:32.069: INFO/System.out(947): getView 20 android.widget.LinearLayout@437430f8
- convertView 如我们所期待的非空了,在item11离开屏幕之后,它的视图(@437430f8)作为convertView容纳item21了
不同的项目布局(item layout)
我们再举一个稍微复杂的例子,在上例的list中加入一些分隔线
你需要做这些:
- 重(@Override)写 getViewTypeCount() – 返回你有多少个不同的布局
- 重写 getItemViewType(int) – 由position返回view type id
- 根据view item的类型,在getView中创建正确的convertView
以下是代码:
- public class MultipleItemsList extends ListActivity {
- private MyCustomAdapter mAdapter;
- @Override
- public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
- mAdapter = new MyCustomAdapter();
- for (int i = 1; i < 50; i++) {
- mAdapter.addItem("item " + i);
- if (i % 4 == 0) {
- mAdapter.addSeparatorItem("separator " + i);
- }
- }
- setListAdapter(mAdapter);
- }
- private class MyCustomAdapter extends BaseAdapter {
- private static final int TYPE_ITEM = 0;
- private static final int TYPE_SEPARATOR = 1;
- private static final int TYPE_MAX_COUNT = TYPE_SEPARATOR + 1;
- private ArrayList mData = new ArrayList();
- private LayoutInflater mInflater;
- private TreeSet mSeparatorsSet = new TreeSet();
- public MyCustomAdapter() {
- mInflater = (LayoutInflater)getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE);
- }
- public void addItem(final String item) {
- mData.add(item);
- notifyDataSetChanged();
- }
- public void addSeparatorItem(final String item) {
- mData.add(item);
- // save separator position
- mSeparatorsSet.add(mData.size() - 1);
- notifyDataSetChanged();
- }
- @Override
- public int getItemViewType(int position) {
- return mSeparatorsSet.contains(position) ? TYPE_SEPARATOR : TYPE_ITEM;
- }
- @Override
- public int getViewTypeCount() {
- return TYPE_MAX_COUNT;
- }
- @Override
- public int getCount() {
- return mData.size();
- }
- @Override
- public String getItem(int position) {
- return mData.get(position);
- }
- @Override
- public long getItemId(int position) {
- return position;
- }
- @Override
- public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
- ViewHolder holder = null;
- int type = getItemViewType(position);
- System.out.println("getView " + position + " " + convertView + " type = " + type);
- if (convertView == null) {
- holder = new ViewHolder();
- switch (type) {
- case TYPE_ITEM:
- convertView = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.item1, null);
- holder.textView = (TextView)convertView.findViewById(R.id.text);
- break;
- case TYPE_SEPARATOR:
- convertView = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.item2, null);
- holder.textView = (TextView)convertView.findViewById(R.id.textSeparator);
- break;
- }
- convertView.setTag(holder);
- } else {
- holder = (ViewHolder)convertView.getTag();
- }
- holder.textView.setText(mData.get(position));
- return convertView;
- }
- }
- public static class ViewHolder {
- public TextView textView;
- }
- }
运行程序,你会看到每4个item一个分割线
看看日志,无异常,所有的convertView都是空的
- 02-05 15:19:03.080: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 0 null type = 0
- 02-05 15:19:03.112: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 1 null type = 0
- 02-05 15:19:03.130: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 2 null type = 0
- 02-05 15:19:03.141: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 3 null type = 0
- 02-05 15:19:03.160: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 4 null type = 1
- 02-05 15:19:03.170: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 5 null type = 0
- 02-05 15:19:03.180: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 6 null type = 0
- 02-05 15:19:03.190: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 7 null type = 0
- 02-05 15:19:03.210: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 8 null type = 0
- 02-05 15:19:03.210: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 9 null type = 1
- 滚动list:
- ?
- 02-05 15:19:54.160: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 10 null type = 0
- 02-05 15:19:57.440: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 11 android.widget.LinearLayout@43744528 type = 0
- 02-05 15:20:01.310: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 12 android.widget.LinearLayout@43744eb0 type = 0
- 02-05 15:20:01.880: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 13 android.widget.LinearLayout@437456d8 type = 0
- 02-05 15:20:02.869: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 14 null type = 1
- 02-05 15:20:06.489: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 15 android.widget.LinearLayout@43745f00 type = 0
- 02-05 15:20:07.749: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 16 android.widget.LinearLayout@43747170 type = 0
- 02-05 15:20:10.250: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 17 android.widget.LinearLayout@43747998 type = 0
- 02-05 15:20:11.661: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 18 android.widget.LinearLayout@437481c0 type = 0
- 02-05 15:20:13.180: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 19 android.widget.LinearLayout@437468a0 type = 1
- 02-05 15:20:16.900: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 20 android.widget.LinearLayout@437489e8 type = 0
- 02-05 15:20:25.690: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 21 android.widget.LinearLayout@4374a8d8 type = 0
- convertView对于分割线是空的,直到第一个分割线可见,当其离开屏幕,视图去到Recycler并且convertView开始起作用。
- 本文翻译自http://android.amberfog.com/?p=296
- 代码下载:MultipleItemsList.zip – source code