c++的矢量类

下例中定义了一个矢量类，并对矢量定义了一系列操作：

文件结构：

vector.h代码：

#ifndef VECTOR_H_INCLUDED
#define VECTOR_H_INCLUDED

#include <iostream>
class Vector
{
    public:
        enum Mode {RECT, POLAR}; //定义两种模式，一种为直角坐标，一种为极坐标,状态成员
    private:
        double x;
        double y;  //直角坐标系的横纵坐标
        double distance;
        double angle; //极坐标的角度及距离
        Mode mode;  //
        void setX();
        void setY();
        void setDis();
        void setAngle();
    public:
        Vector();
        Vector(double n1, double n2, Mode mode = RECT);
        ~Vector();

        double xVal() const {return x;}
        double yVal() const {return y;}
        double distanceVal() const {return distance;}
        double angleVal() const {return angle;}

        void setRect();  // set mode to RECT
        void setPolar(); // set mode to POLAR

        Vector operator+(const Vector & v);  //reload +
        Vector operator-(const Vector & v);
        Vector operator*(const double n);

        friend Vector operator*(double n, Vector & v);
        friend std::ostream & operator<<(std::ostream & os, const Vector & v);
};


#endif // VECTOR_H_INCLUDED

vector.cpp代码：

#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
#include "vector.h"
using namespace std;

void Vector::setX()   //set the value of x
{
    x = distance * cos(angle);
}

void Vector::setY()
{
    x = distance * sin(angle);
}

void Vector::setDis()  //set the value of distance
{
    distance = sqrt(x*x + y*y);
}

void Vector::setAngle()
{
    angle = atan2(y, x);
}

Vector::Vector()    //默认构造函数
{
    x = 0;
    y = 0;
    distance = 0;
    angle = 0;
    mode = RECT;
}

Vector::Vector(double n1, double n2, Mode form) //构造函数
{
    mode = form;
    if(form == RECT)
    {
        x = n1;
        y = n2;
        setAngle();
        setDis();
    }
    else if(form == POLAR)
    {
        distance = n1;
        angle = n2 / 57.2;
        setX();
        setY();
    }
    else
    {
        cout << "Mode error!\n";
        x = 0;
        y = 0;
        distance = 0;
        angle = 0;
        mode = RECT;
    }
}

Vector::~Vector()   //析构函数
{

}

void Vector::setRect()  // set mode to RECT
{
    mode = RECT;
}

void Vector::setPolar() // set mode to POLAR
{
    mode = POLAR;
}

Vector Vector::operator+(const Vector & v)  //reload +
{
    Vector result;
    result.x = x + v.x;
    result.y = y + v.y;
    result.distance = distance + v.distance;
    result.angle = angle + v.angle;
    return result;
}

Vector Vector::operator-(const Vector & v)  //reload +
{
    Vector result;
    result.x = x - v.x;
    result.y = y - v.y;
    result.distance = distance - v.distance;
    result.angle = angle - v.angle;
    return result;
}

Vector Vector::operator*(const double n)
{
    Vector result;
    result.x = x * n;
    result.y = y * n;
    result.distance = distance * n;
    result.angle = angle;
    return result;
}

Vector operator*(double n, Vector & v)
{
    Vector result;
    result.x = n * v.x;
    result.y = n * v.y;
    result.distance = n * v.distance;
    result.angle = v.angle;
    return result;
}

std::ostream & operator<<(std::ostream & os, const Vector & v)
{
    if(v.mode == Vector::RECT)     //因为这个函数是友元函数，不在类的作用域内，所以使用RECT要加上类名
        os << "(x, y) = (" << v.x << ", " << v.y << ")" << endl;
    else if(v.mode == Vector::POLAR)
        os << "(d, a) = (" << v.distance << ", " << v.angle << ")" << endl;
    else
        os << "Vector mode is invalid." << endl;
    return os;
}

main.cpp代码：

#include <iostream>
#include "vector.h"
using namespace std;

int main()
{
    Vector v1(1,2), v2(3, 5), v3, v4, v5, v6;
    Vector v7(12, 13, Vector::POLAR), v8;
    v3 = v1 * 3;
    v4 = v1 + v2;
    v5 = v1 - v2;
    v6 = 3 * v2;
    v8 = 3 * v7;
    cout << v2;
    cout << v3;
    cout << v4;
    cout << v5;
    cout << v6;

    cout << v7;
    cout << v8;
    return 0;
}