用MR(MapReduce)查询hbase数据-用到TableMapper和Scan

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首先,可以设置scan的startRow, stopRow, filter等属性。于是两种方案:

1.设置scan的filter,然后执行mapper,再reducer成一份结果

2.不用filter过滤,将filter做的事传给mapper做

进行了测试,前者在执行较少量scan记录的时候效率较后者高,但是执行的scan数量多了,便容易导致超时无返回而退出的情况。而为了实现后者,学会了如何向mapper任务中传递参数,走了一点弯路。

最后的一点思考是,用后者效率仍然不高,即便可用前者时效率也不高,因为默认的tablemapper是将对一个region的scan任务放在了一个mapper里,而我一个region有2G多,而我查的数据只占七八个region。于是,想能不能不以region为单位算做mapper,如果不能改,那只有用MR直接操作HBase底层HDFS文件了,这个,…,待研究。

上代码(为了保密,将表名啊,列名列族名啊都改了一下,有改漏的,大家当做没看见啊,另:主要供大家参考下方法,即用mr来查询海量hbase数据,还有如何向mapper传参数):

package mapreduce.hbase;

import java.io.IOException;

import mapreduce.HDFS_File;

import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HBaseConfiguration;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Result;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Scan;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.filter.Filter;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.filter.FilterList;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.filter.SingleColumnValueFilter;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.filter.CompareFilter.CompareOp;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.io.ImmutableBytesWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.mapreduce.TableMapReduceUtil;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.mapreduce.TableMapper;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.Bytes;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Job;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Mapper.Context;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.output.FileOutputFormat;

/**
 * 用MR对HBase进行查找,给出Scan的条件诸如startkey endkey;以及filters用来过滤掉不符合条件的记录 LicenseTable
 * 的 RowKey 201101010000000095\xE5\xAE\x81WDTLBZ
 * 
 * @author Wallace
 * 
 */
@SuppressWarnings("unused")
public class MRSearchAuto {
	private static final Log LOG = LogFactory.getLog(MRSearchAuto.class);

	private static String TABLE_NAME = "tablename";
	private static byte[] FAMILY_NAME = Bytes.toBytes("cfname");
	private static byte[][] QUALIFIER_NAME = { Bytes.toBytes("col1"),
			Bytes.toBytes("col2"), Bytes.toBytes("col3") };

	public static class SearchMapper extends
			TableMapper<ImmutableBytesWritable, Text> {
		private int numOfFilter = 0;

		private Text word = new Text();
		String[] strConditionStrings = new String[]{"","",""}/* { "新C87310", "10", "2" } */;

		/*
		 * private void init(Configuration conf) throws IOException,
		 * InterruptedException { strConditionStrings[0] =
		 * conf.get("search.license").trim(); strConditionStrings[1] =
		 * conf.get("search.carColor").trim(); strConditionStrings[2] =
		 * conf.get("search.direction").trim(); LOG.info("license: " +
		 * strConditionStrings[0]); }
		 */
		protected void setup(Context context) throws IOException,
				InterruptedException {
			strConditionStrings[0] = context.getConfiguration().get("search.license").trim();
			strConditionStrings[1] = context.getConfiguration().get("search.color").trim();
			strConditionStrings[2] = context.getConfiguration().get("search.direction").trim();
		}

		protected void map(ImmutableBytesWritable key, Result value,
				Context context) throws InterruptedException, IOException {
			String string = "";
			String tempString;

			/**/
			for (int i = 0; i < 1; i++) {
				// /在此map里进行filter的功能
				tempString = Text.decode(value.getValue(FAMILY_NAME,
						QUALIFIER_NAME[i]));
				if (tempString.equals(/* strConditionStrings[i] */"新C87310")) {
					LOG.info("新C87310. conf: " + strConditionStrings[0]);
					if (tempString.equals(strConditionStrings[i])) {
						string = string + tempString + " ";
					} else {
						return;
					}
				}

				else {
					return;
				}
			}

			word.set(string);
			context.write(null, word);
		}
	}

	public void searchHBase(int numOfDays) throws IOException,
			InterruptedException, ClassNotFoundException {
		long startTime;
		long endTime;

		Configuration conf = HBaseConfiguration.create();
		conf.set("hbase.zookeeper.quorum", "node2,node3,node4");
		conf.set("fs.default.name", "hdfs://node1");
		conf.set("mapred.job.tracker", "node1:54311");
		/*
		 * 传递参数给map
		 */
		conf.set("search.license", "新C87310");
		conf.set("search.color", "10");
		conf.set("search.direction", "2");

		Job job = new Job(conf, "MRSearchHBase");
		System.out.println("search.license: " + conf.get("search.license"));
		job.setNumReduceTasks(0);
		job.setJarByClass(MRSearchAuto.class);
		Scan scan = new Scan();
		scan.addFamily(FAMILY_NAME);
		byte[] startRow = Bytes.toBytes("2011010100000");
		byte[] stopRow;
		switch (numOfDays) {
		case 1:
			stopRow = Bytes.toBytes("2011010200000");
			break;
		case 10:
			stopRow = Bytes.toBytes("2011011100000");
			break;
		case 30:
			stopRow = Bytes.toBytes("2011020100000");
			break;
		case 365:
			stopRow = Bytes.toBytes("2012010100000");
			break;
		default:
			stopRow = Bytes.toBytes("2011010101000");
		}
		// 设置开始和结束key
		scan.setStartRow(startRow);
		scan.setStopRow(stopRow);

		TableMapReduceUtil.initTableMapperJob(TABLE_NAME, scan,
				SearchMapper.class, ImmutableBytesWritable.class, Text.class,
				job);
		Path outPath = new Path("searchresult");
		HDFS_File file = new HDFS_File();
		file.DelFile(conf, outPath.getName(), true); // 若已存在,则先删除
		FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, outPath);// 输出结果

		startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
		job.waitForCompletion(true);
		endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
		System.out.println("Time used: " + (endTime - startTime));
		System.out.println("startRow:" + Text.decode(startRow));
		System.out.println("stopRow: " + Text.decode(stopRow));
	}

	public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException,
			InterruptedException, ClassNotFoundException {
		MRSearchAuto mrSearchAuto = new MRSearchAuto();
		int numOfDays = 1;
		if (args.length == 1)
			numOfDays = Integer.valueOf(args[0]);
		System.out.println("Num of days: " + numOfDays);
		mrSearchAuto.searchHBase(numOfDays);
	}
}

开始时,我是在外面conf.set了传入的参数,而在mapper的init(Configuration)里get参数并赋给mapper对象。

将参数传给map运行时结果不对
for (int i = 0; i < 1; i++) {
    // /在此map里进行filter的功能
    tempString = Text.decode(value.getValue(FAMILY_NAME,
      QUALIFIER_NAME[i]));
    if (tempString.equals(/*strConditionStrings[i]*/"新C87310"))
     string = string + tempString + " ";
    else {
     return;
    }
   }
如果用下面的mapper的init获取conf传来的参数,然后在上面map函数里进行调用,结果便不对了。
直接指定值时和参数传过来相同的值时,其output的结果分别为1条和0条。
  private void init(Configuration conf) throws IOException,
    InterruptedException {
   strConditionStrings[0] = conf.get("search.licenseNumber").trim();
   strConditionStrings[1] = conf.get("search.carColor").trim();
   strConditionStrings[2] = conf.get("search.direction").trim();
  }
加了个日志写
private static final Log LOG = LogFactory.getLog(MRSearchAuto.class);
init()函数里:
LOG.info("license: " + strConditionStrings[0]);
map里
 if (tempString.equals(/* strConditionStrings[i] */"新C87310")) {
  LOG.info("新C87310. conf: " + strConditionStrings[0]);
然后在网页 namenode:50030上看任务,最终定位到哪台机器执行了那个map,然后看日志
mapreduce.hbase.TestMRHBase: 新C87310. conf: null
在conf.set之后我也写了下,那时正常,但是在map里却是null了,而在map类的init函数打印的却没有打印。
因此,问题应该是:
map类的init()函数没有执行到!
于是init()的获取conf中参数值并赋给map里变量的操作便未执行,同时打印日志也未执行。
OK!看怎么解决
放在setup里获取
  protected void setup(Context context) throws IOException,
    InterruptedException {
  // strConditionStrings[0] = context.getConfiguration().get("search.license").trim();
  // strConditionStrings[1] = context.getConfiguration().get("search.color").trim();
  // strConditionStrings[2] = context.getConfiguration().get("search.direction").trim();
  }
报错
12/01/12 11:21:56 INFO mapred.JobClient:  map 0% reduce 0%
12/01/12 11:22:03 INFO mapred.JobClient: Task Id : attempt_201201100941_0071_m_000000_0, Status : FAILED
java.lang.NullPointerException
 at mapreduce.hbase.MRSearchAuto$SearchMapper.setup(MRSearchAuto.java:66)
 at org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Mapper.run(Mapper.java:142)
 at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.MapTask.runNewMapper(MapTask.java:656)
 at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.MapTask.run(MapTask.java:325)
 at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.Child$4.run(Child.java:270)
 at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
 at javax.security.auth.Subject.doAs(Subject.java:396)
 at org.apache.hadoop.security.UserGroupInformation.doAs(UserGroupInformation.java:1127)
 at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.Child.main(Child.java:264)

attempt_201201100941_0071_m_000000_0: log4j:WARN No appenders could be found for logger (org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DFSClient).
attempt_201201100941_0071_m_000000_0: log4j:WARN Please initialize the log4j system properly.
12/01/12 11:22:09 INFO mapred.JobClient: Task Id : attempt_201201100941_0071_m_000000_1, Status : FAILED
java.lang.NullPointerException
 at mapreduce.hbase.MRSearchAuto$SearchMapper.setup(MRSearchAuto.java:66)
 at org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Mapper.run(Mapper.java:142)
 at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.MapTask.runNewMapper(MapTask.java:656)
 at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.MapTask.run(MapTask.java:325)
 at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.Child$4.run(Child.java:270)
 at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
 at javax.security.auth.Subject.doAs(Subject.java:396)
 at org.apache.hadoop.security.UserGroupInformation.doAs(UserGroupInformation.java:1127)
 at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.Child.main(Child.java:264)
然后将setup里的东西注释掉,无错,错误应该在context上,进一步确认,在里面不用context,直接赋值,有结果,好!
说明是context的事了,NullPointerException,应该是context.getConfiguration().get("search.license")这些中有一个是null的。
突然想起来,改了下get时候的属性,而set时候没改,于是不对应,于是context.getConfiguration().get("search.color")及下面的一项都是null,null.trim()报的异常。
  conf.set("search.license", "新C87310");
  conf.set("search.color", "10");
  conf.set("search.direction", "2");
修改后,问题解决。
实现了向map中传参数


 

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