Comparable和Comparator是JDK中定义的2个比较接口,很相似,但又有所不同。
这2个接口的作用和区别也是Java中的常见经典面试题。
下面我们就来详细介绍下这2个接口的定义、作用、区别、模式、应用场景和代码案例。
定义
- public interface Comparable<T> {
- public int compareTo(T o);
- }
- public interface Comparator<T> {
- int compare(T o1, T o2);
- boolean equals(Object obj);
- }
public interface Comparable<T> {
public int compareTo(T o);
}
public interface Comparator<T> {
int compare(T o1, T o2);
boolean equals(Object obj);
}
作用
用来实现集合中元素的比较和排序。
区别
Comparable强行对实现它的每个类的对象进行整体排序。这种排序被称为类的自然排序,类的 compareTo 方法被称为它的自然比较方法。
实现此接口的对象列表(和数组)可以通过 Collections.sort(和 Arrays.sort)进行自动排序。实现此接口的对象可以用作有序映射中的键或有序集合中的元素,无需指定比较器。
Comparator强行对某个对象 collection 进行整体排序 的比较函数。可以将 Comparator 传递给 sort 方法(如 Collections.sort 或 Arrays.sort),从而允许在排序顺序上实现精确控制。还可以使用 Comparator 来控制某些数据结构(如有序 set或有序映射)的顺序,或者为那些没有自然顺序的对象 collection 提供排序。
可以说一个是自已完成比较,一个是外部程序实现比较的差别而已。
模式
用 Comparator 是策略模式(strategy design pattern),就是不改变对象自身,而用一个策略对象(strategy object)来改变它的行为。
Comparator可以看成一种算法的实现,将算法和数据分离。
应用场景
Comparator也可以在下面两种环境下使用:
1、类的设计师没有考虑到比较问题而没有实现Comparable,可以通过Comparator来实现排序而不必改变对象本身。
2、可以使用多种排序标准,比如员工按照员工号、年龄、名字 升序或降序排序等。
代码案例
- //员工
- public class Employee implements Comparable<Employee> {
- // 员工号
- private int no;
- // 员工的年龄
- private int age;
- // 员工的姓名
- private String name;
- public Employee() {
- super();
- }
- public Employee(int no, int age, String name) {
- super();
- this.no = no;
- this.age = age;
- this.name = name;
- }
- public int getNo() {
- return no;
- }
- public void setNo(int no) {
- this.no = no;
- }
- public int getAge() {
- return age;
- }
- public void setAge(int age) {
- this.age = age;
- }
- public String getName() {
- return name;
- }
- public void setName(String name) {
- this.name = name;
- }
- // 自然排序按照员工号的顺序
- public int compareTo(Employee obj) {
- Employee employee = (Employee) obj;
- return this.no - employee.no;
- }
- @Override
- public String toString() {
- return "Employee [no=" + no + ", age=" + age + ", name=" + name + "]";
- }
- @Override
- public int hashCode() {
- final int prime = 31;
- int result = 1;
- result = prime * result + no;
- return result;
- }
- @Override
- public boolean equals(Object obj) {
- if (this == obj)
- return true;
- if (obj == null)
- return false;
- if (getClass() != obj.getClass())
- return false;
- Employee other = (Employee) obj;
- if (no != other.no)
- return false;
- return true;
- }
- }
//员工
public class Employee implements Comparable<Employee> {
// 员工号
private int no;
// 员工的年龄
private int age;
// 员工的姓名
private String name;
public Employee() {
super();
}
public Employee(int no, int age, String name) {
super();
this.no = no;
this.age = age;
this.name = name;
}
public int getNo() {
return no;
}
public void setNo(int no) {
this.no = no;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
// 自然排序按照员工号的顺序
public int compareTo(Employee obj) {
Employee employee = (Employee) obj;
return this.no - employee.no;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Employee [no=" + no + ", age=" + age + ", name=" + name + "]";
}
@Override
public int hashCode() {
final int prime = 31;
int result = 1;
result = prime * result + no;
return result;
}
@Override
public boolean equals(Object obj) {
if (this == obj)
return true;
if (obj == null)
return false;
if (getClass() != obj.getClass())
return false;
Employee other = (Employee) obj;
if (no != other.no)
return false;
return true;
}
}
- /**
- *
- * 按照员工的年龄进行比较的比较器。
- */
- public class AgeComparator implements Comparator<Employee> {
- @Override
- public int compare(Employee o1, Employee o2) {
- return o1.getAge()-o2.getAge();
- }
- }
/**
*
* 按照员工的年龄进行比较的比较器。
*/
public class AgeComparator implements Comparator<Employee> {
@Override
public int compare(Employee o1, Employee o2) {
return o1.getAge()-o2.getAge();
}
}
- /**
- *
- *按照员工的名字进行比较的比较器
- *
- */
- public class NameComparator implements Comparator<Employee> {
- @Override
- public int compare(Employee o1, Employee o2) {
- return o1.getName().compareTo(o2.getName());
- }
- }
/**
*
*按照员工的名字进行比较的比较器
*
*/
public class NameComparator implements Comparator<Employee> {
@Override
public int compare(Employee o1, Employee o2) {
return o1.getName().compareTo(o2.getName());
}
}
- public class EmployeeTest {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- Employee employee1 = new Employee(169, 24, "LeiWen");
- Employee employee2 = new Employee(152, 27, "FansUnion");
- List<Employee> employeeList = new ArrayList<Employee>();
- employeeList.add(employee1);
- employeeList.add(employee2);
- // 原始排序
- println("原始排序");
- println(employeeList);
- // 自然排序,默认排序
- println("默认no升序排序");
- Collections.sort(employeeList);
- println(employeeList);
- // 按名字排序
- println("自定义name升序排序");
- Collections.sort(employeeList,new NameComparator());
- println(employeeList);
- // 按年龄排序
- println("自定义age升序排序");
- Collections.sort(employeeList,new AgeComparator());
- println(employeeList);
- }
- private static void println(String str){
- System.out.println(str);
- }
- private static void println(List<Employee> employeeList) {
- System.out.println(employeeList);
- }
- }
public class EmployeeTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Employee employee1 = new Employee(169, 24, "LeiWen");
Employee employee2 = new Employee(152, 27, "FansUnion");
List<Employee> employeeList = new ArrayList<Employee>();
employeeList.add(employee1);
employeeList.add(employee2);
// 原始排序
println("原始排序");
println(employeeList);
// 自然排序,默认排序
println("默认no升序排序");
Collections.sort(employeeList);
println(employeeList);
// 按名字排序
println("自定义name升序排序");
Collections.sort(employeeList,new NameComparator());
println(employeeList);
// 按年龄排序
println("自定义age升序排序");
Collections.sort(employeeList,new AgeComparator());
println(employeeList);
}
private static void println(String str){
System.out.println(str);
}
private static void println(List<Employee> employeeList) {
System.out.println(employeeList);
}
}
运行结果
原始排序
[Employee [no=169, age=24, name=LeiWen], Employee [no=152, age=27, name=FansUnion]]
默认no升序排序
[Employee [no=152, age=27, name=FansUnion], Employee [no=169, age=24, name=LeiWen]]
自定义name升序排序
[Employee [no=152, age=27, name=FansUnion], Employee [no=169, age=24, name=LeiWen]]
自定义age升序排序
[Employee [no=169, age=24, name=LeiWen], Employee [no=152, age=27, name=FansUnion]]
参考资料
http://www.iteye.com/problems/3025
http://ctzlylc.blog.163.com/blog/static/61967136201165981283/
JDK API中文参考手册
OpenJDK源码