Hibernate单项一对多详细配置:
数据模型:
一个年级有多个学生,每个学生只属于一个年级。
用hibernate实现一对多关系有xml配置和注解两种方式,下面逐一介绍:
第一种:注解方式
Grade.java
package cn.siggy.pojo;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;
import javax.persistence.CascadeType;
import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.FetchType;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.JoinColumn;
import javax.persistence.MappedSuperclass;
import javax.persistence.OneToMany;
import javax.persistence.Table;
/**
* AbstractGrade entity provides the base persistence definition of the Grade
* entity. @author MyEclipse Persistence Tools
*/
@Entity
@Table(name = "GRADE")
public class Grade implements java.io.Serializable {
// Fields
private Integer id;
private String name;
private Set<Student> students = new HashSet<Student>(0);
// Constructors
public Grade() {
super();
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
public Grade(Integer id, String name, Set<Student> students) {
super();
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
this.students = students;
}
// Property accessors
@Id
@GeneratedValue
@Column(name = "ID", unique = true, nullable = false, precision = 10, scale = 0)
public Integer getId() {
return this.id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
@Column(name = "NAME")
public String getName() {
return this.name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
@OneToMany(cascade=CascadeType.ALL,fetch=FetchType.LAZY,targetEntity=Student.class)
//@JoinColumn(name="GRADE_ID",nullable=true) //该配置在单独保存Grade是会将student中的外键字段置空,所以采用下面配置
@JoinColumn(name="PLAN_ID",updatable=false)
public Set<Student> getStudents() {
return this.students;
}
public void setStudents(Set<Student> students) {
this.students = students;
}
}
Student.java
package cn.siggy.pojo; import javax.persistence.Column; import javax.persistence.Entity; import javax.persistence.FetchType; import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue; import javax.persistence.Id; import javax.persistence.JoinColumn; import javax.persistence.ManyToOne; import javax.persistence.MappedSuperclass; import javax.persistence.Table; /** * AbstractStudent entity provides the base persistence definition of the * Student entity. @author MyEclipse Persistence Tools */ @Entity @Table(name = "STUDENT") public class Student implements java.io.Serializable { // Fields private Integer id; private String name; private Integer age; // Constructors /** default constructor */ public Student() { } // Property accessors @Id @GeneratedValue @Column(name = "ID", unique = true, nullable = false, precision = 10, scale = 0) public Integer getId() { return this.id; } public void setId(Integer id) { this.id = id; } @Column(name = "NAME", length = 510) public String getName() { return this.name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } @Column(name = "AGE", precision = 10, scale = 0) public Integer getAge() { return this.age; } public void setAge(Integer age) { this.age = age; } }
hibernate.cfg.xml
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN" "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-configuration> <session-factory> <!--数据库信息 --> <property name="connection.driver_class">oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver</property> <property name="connection.url">jdbc:oracle:thin:@10.18.100.126:1521:gsdb</property> <property name="connection.username">db_lzsmw</property> <property name="connection.password">pass_lzsmw</property> <!--hibernate可选项 --> <property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.Oracle10gDialect</property> <property name="show_sql">true</property> <property name="format_sql">true</property> <property name="hbm2ddl.auto">update</property> <!-- hbm文件 --><!-- <mapping resource="cn/siggy/pojo/Student.hbm.xml"/> <mapping resource="cn/siggy/pojo/Grade.hbm.xml"/> --> <!-- 使用注解 --> <mapping class="cn.siggy.pojo.Grade"/> <mapping class="cn.siggy.pojo.Student"/> </session-factory> </hibernate-configuration>
第二种:xml配置方式实现一对多
Grade.java
package cn.siggy.pojo; import java.util.HashSet; import java.util.Set; public class Grade { private int id; private String name; private Set<Student> students = new HashSet<Student>(0); public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public Set<Student> getStudents() { return students; } public void setStudents(Set<Student> students) { this.students = students; } }
Grade.hbm.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-mapping package="cn.siggy.pojo"> <class name="Grade"> <id name="id"> <generator class="native"></generator> </id> <property name="name"/> <!-- set是 Grade中的集合属性 name属性名称 --> <set name="students"> <!-- key表示外键 column外键列名--> <key column="grade_id" not-null="true"></key> <!-- one-to-many 一对多 类Grade 中 students 所表示类型 --> <one-to-many class="Student"/> </set> </class> </hibernate-mapping>
Student.javapackage cn.siggy.pojo; public class Student { private int id; private String name; private int age; public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public int getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(int age) { this.age = age; } }
Student.hbm.xml
hibernate.cfg.xml<?xml version="1.0"?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-mapping package="cn.siggy.pojo"> <class name="Student"> <id name="id"> <generator class="native"></generator> </id> <property name="name"/> <property name="age"/> </class> </hibernate-mapping>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN" "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-configuration> <session-factory> <!--数据库信息 --> <property name="connection.driver_class">oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver</property> <property name="connection.url">jdbc:oracle:thin:@10.18.100.126:1521:gsdb</property> <property name="connection.username">db_lzsmw</property> <property name="connection.password">pass_lzsmw</property> <!--hibernate可选项 --> <property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.Oracle10gDialect</property> <property name="show_sql">true</property> <property name="format_sql">true</property> <property name="hbm2ddl.auto">update</property> <!-- hbm文件 --> <mapping resource="cn/siggy/pojo/Student.hbm.xml"/> <mapping resource="cn/siggy/pojo/Grade.hbm.xml"/> <!-- 使用注解 --> <!--<mapping class="cn.siggy.pojo.Grade"/> <mapping class="cn.siggy.pojo.Student"/>--> </session-factory> </hibernate-configuration>
工具类:HibernateUtil.javapackage cn.siggy.util; import org.hibernate.Session; import org.hibernate.SessionFactory; import org.hibernate.boot.registry.StandardServiceRegistryBuilder; import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration; public class HibernateUtil { private static Configuration cfg=null; private static SessionFactory factory=null; private static Session session = null; static{ cfg = new Configuration().configure(); factory = cfg.buildSessionFactory(new StandardServiceRegistryBuilder() .applySettings(cfg.getProperties()).build()); } public static Session getSession(){ if(factory!=null) return factory.openSession(); factory=cfg.buildSessionFactory(new StandardServiceRegistryBuilder() .applySettings(cfg.getProperties()).build()); return factory.openSession(); } public static void closeSession(){ if(session!=null&&session.isOpen()) session.close(); } }
Junit单元测试类:package cn.siggy.test; import java.sql.SQLException; import java.util.Iterator; import javax.sql.rowset.serial.SerialException; import org.hibernate.HibernateException; import org.hibernate.Session; import org.hibernate.Transaction; import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration; import org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.SchemaExport; import org.junit.Test; import cn.siggy.pojo.Grade; import cn.siggy.pojo.Student; import cn.siggy.util.HibernateUtil; public class HibernateTest { @Test public void testCreateDB(){ Configuration cfg = new Configuration().configure(); SchemaExport se = new SchemaExport(cfg); //第一个参数 是否生成ddl脚本 第二个参数 是否执行到数据库中 se.create(true, true); } @Test public void testSave() throws HibernateException, SerialException, SQLException{ Session session = null; Transaction tx = null; try{ session = HibernateUtil.getSession(); tx = session.beginTransaction(); Grade grade = new Grade(); grade.setName("基础"); Student stu = new Student(); stu.setName("张三疯"); stu.setAge(22); Student stu1 = new Student(); stu1.setName("老王"); stu1.setAge(23); //关联 grade.getStudents().add(stu); grade.getStudents().add(stu1); //保存数据的顺序 是根据外键的配置来决定的 //如果外键不能为null,那么先保存一的一端 //如果外键可以为null,则可以随意保存 session.save(grade); session.save(stu); session.save(stu1); tx.commit(); }catch (HibernateException e) { if(tx!=null) tx.rollback(); e.printStackTrace(); throw e; }finally{ HibernateUtil.closeSession(); } } @Test public void testGet(){ Session session = null; Transaction tx = null; try{ session = HibernateUtil.getSession(); tx = session.beginTransaction(); //取数据 Grade grade = (Grade)session.get(Grade.class, 1); System.out.println("gradeName="+grade.getName()); System.out.println("grade所对应的多的一端的数据"); Iterator<Student> iter = grade.getStudents().iterator(); for(;iter.hasNext();){ Student temp = iter.next(); System.out.println("name="+temp.getName()+"\tage="+temp.getAge()); } tx.commit(); }catch (HibernateException e) { if(tx!=null) tx.rollback(); e.printStackTrace(); throw e; }finally{ HibernateUtil.closeSession(); } } }
如下表结构代码可以自动生成,所以不用手动创建
Student表结构:
Grade表结构: