linux usb驱动开发之数据结构3

编写 USB 驱动程序

（本部分的一些示例源码来自drivers/usb/usb-skeleton.c，它是Linux内核为我们提供的最基础的USB驱动程序，USB骨架程序）

 

驱动程序把驱动对象注册到 USB 子系统中，之后使用供应商(idVendor)和设备(idProduct)标识来判断对应的硬件是否已经安装.

 

驱动的设备支持列表

 

struct usb_device_id 结构提供了这个驱动支持的不同类型 USB 设备的列表. USB 核心通过此列表用来决定设备对应的驱动,热插拔脚本也通过此列表来决定当特定设备被插入系统时,应该自动加载的驱动.

 

struct usb_device_id {     /* 确定设备信息去和结构体中哪几个字段匹配来判断驱动的适用性 */     __u16        match_flags;     /* Used for product specific matches; range is inclusive */     __u16        idVendor;    //USB设备的制造商ID，须向www.usb.org申请     __u16        idProduct;    //USB设备的产品ID，有制造商自定     __u16        bcdDevice_lo;    /* USB设备的产品版本号最低值*/     __u16        bcdDevice_hi;    /* 和最高值，以BCD码来表示。*/     /* 分别定义设备的类,子类和协议,他们由 USB 论坛分配并定义在 USB 规范中. 这些值指定这个设备的行为, 包括设备上所有的接口 */     __u8        bDeviceClass;         __u8        bDeviceSubClass;     __u8        bDeviceProtocol;     /* 分别定义单个接口的类,子类和协议,他们由 USB 论坛分配并定义在 USB 规范中 */     __u8        bInterfaceClass;     __u8        bInterfaceSubClass;     __u8        bInterfaceProtocol;     /* 这个值不用来匹配驱动的, 驱动用它来在 USB 驱动的探测回调函数中区分不同的设备 */     kernel_ulong_t    driver_info; }; //以上结构体中__u16 match_flags;所使用的define: //include/linux/mod_devicetable.h /* Some useful macros to use to create struct usb_device_id */ #define USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_VENDOR        0x0001 #define USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_PRODUCT        0x0002 #define USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_DEV_LO        0x0004 #define USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_DEV_HI        0x0008 #define USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_DEV_CLASS        0x0010 #define USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_DEV_SUBCLASS    0x0020 #define USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_DEV_PROTOCOL    0x0040 #define USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_INT_CLASS        0x0080 #define USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_INT_SUBCLASS    0x0100 #define USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_INT_PROTOCOL    0x0200 //include/linux/usb.h #define USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_DEVICE \         (USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_VENDOR | USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_PRODUCT) #define USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_DEV_RANGE \         (USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_DEV_LO | USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_DEV_HI) #define USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_DEVICE_AND_VERSION \         (USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_DEVICE | USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_DEV_RANGE) #define USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_DEV_INFO \         (USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_DEV_CLASS | \         USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_DEV_SUBCLASS | \         USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_DEV_PROTOCOL) #define USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_INT_INFO \         (USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_INT_CLASS | \         USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_INT_SUBCLASS | \         USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_INT_PROTOCOL) //这个结构体一般不用手动赋值，以下的宏可以实现赋值: /**  * USB_DEVICE - macro used to describe a specific usb device  * @vend: the 16 bit USB Vendor ID  * @prod: the 16 bit USB Product ID  *  * This macro is used to create a struct usb_device_id that matches a  * specific device.  */ //仅和指定的制造商和产品ID匹配，用于需要特定驱动的设备 #define USB_DEVICE(vend,prod) \     .match_flags = USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_DEVICE, \     .idVendor = (vend), \     .idProduct = (prod) /**  * USB_DEVICE_VER - describe a specific usb device with a version range  * @vend: the 16 bit USB Vendor ID  * @prod: the 16 bit USB Product ID  * @lo: the bcdDevice_lo value  * @hi: the bcdDevice_hi value  *  * This macro is used to create a struct usb_device_id that matches a  * specific device, with a version range.  */ //仅和某版本范围内的指定的制造商和产品ID匹配 #define USB_DEVICE_VER(vend, prod, lo, hi) \     .match_flags = USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_DEVICE_AND_VERSION, \     .idVendor = (vend), \     .idProduct = (prod), \     .bcdDevice_lo = (lo), \     .bcdDevice_hi = (hi) /**  * USB_DEVICE_INTERFACE_PROTOCOL - describe a usb device with a specific interface protocol  * @vend: the 16 bit USB Vendor ID  * @prod: the 16 bit USB Product ID  * @pr: bInterfaceProtocol value  *  * This macro is used to create a struct usb_device_id that matches a  * specific interface protocol of devices.  */ //仅和指定的接口协议、制造商和产品ID匹配 #define USB_DEVICE_INTERFACE_PROTOCOL(vend, prod, pr) \     .match_flags = USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_DEVICE | \          USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_INT_PROTOCOL, \     .idVendor = (vend), \     .idProduct = (prod), \     .bInterfaceProtocol = (pr) /**  * USB_DEVICE_INFO - macro used to describe a class of usb devices  * @cl: bDeviceClass value  * @sc: bDeviceSubClass value  * @pr: bDeviceProtocol value  *  * This macro is used to create a struct usb_device_id that matches a  * specific class of devices.  */ //仅和指定的设备类型相匹配 #define USB_DEVICE_INFO(cl, sc, pr) \     .match_flags = USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_DEV_INFO, \     .bDeviceClass = (cl), \     .bDeviceSubClass = (sc), \     .bDeviceProtocol = (pr) /**  * USB_INTERFACE_INFO - macro used to describe a class of usb interfaces  * @cl: bInterfaceClass value  * @sc: bInterfaceSubClass value  * @pr: bInterfaceProtocol value  *  * This macro is used to create a struct usb_device_id that matches a  * specific class of interfaces.  */ //仅和指定的接口类型相匹配 #define USB_INTERFACE_INFO(cl, sc, pr) \     .match_flags = USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_INT_INFO, \     .bInterfaceClass = (cl), \     .bInterfaceSubClass = (sc), \     .bInterfaceProtocol = (pr) /**  * USB_DEVICE_AND_INTERFACE_INFO - describe a specific usb device with a class of usb interfaces  * @vend: the 16 bit USB Vendor ID  * @prod: the 16 bit USB Product ID  * @cl: bInterfaceClass value  * @sc: bInterfaceSubClass value  * @pr: bInterfaceProtocol value  *  * This macro is used to create a struct usb_device_id that matches a  * specific device with a specific class of interfaces.  *  * This is especially useful when explicitly matching devices that have  * vendor specific bDeviceClass values, but standards-compliant interfaces.  */ //仅和指定的制造商、产品ID和接口类型相匹配 #define USB_DEVICE_AND_INTERFACE_INFO(vend, prod, cl, sc, pr) \     .match_flags = USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_INT_INFO \         | USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_DEVICE, \     .idVendor = (vend), \     .idProduct = (prod), \     .bInterfaceClass = (cl), \     .bInterfaceSubClass = (sc), \     .bInterfaceProtocol = (pr) /* ----------------------------------------------------------------------- */

 

对于一个只为一个供应商的一个 USB 设备的简单 USB 设备驱动, 其 struct usb_device_id 可定义如下:

/* Define these values to match your devices */ #define USB_SKEL_VENDOR_ID    0xfff0 #define USB_SKEL_PRODUCT_ID    0xfff0 /* table of devices that work with this driver */ static struct usb_device_id skel_table [] = {