ajax 多文件上传

使用FormData对象

利用FormData对象,你可以使用一系列的键值对来模拟一个完整的表单,然后使用XMLHttpRequest发送这个"表单".

创建一个FormData对象Edit

你可以先创建一个空的FormData对象,然后使用append()方法向该对象里添加字段,如下:

<code class=" language-js"><span class="token keyword">var</span> oMyForm <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">FormData</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

oMyForm<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">append</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"username"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"Groucho"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
oMyForm<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">append</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"accountnum"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">123456</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 数字123456被立即转换成字符串"123456"</span>

<span class="token comment">// fileInputElement中已经包含了用户所选择的文件</span>
oMyForm<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">append</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"userfile"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> fileInputElement<span class="token punctuation">.</span>files<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token keyword">var</span> oFileBody <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">'<a id="a"><b id="b">hey!</b></a>'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Blob对象包含的文件内容</span>
<span class="token keyword">var</span> oBlob <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Blob</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>oFileBody<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> type<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">"text/xml"</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

oMyForm<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">append</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"webmasterfile"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> oBlob<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token keyword">var</span> oReq <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">XMLHttpRequest</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
oReq<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">open</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"POST"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"http://foo.com/submitform.php"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
oReq<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">send</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>oMyForm<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code>

注: 字段"userfile"和"webmasterfile"的值都包含了一个文件.通过 FormData.append()方法赋给字段"accountnum"的数字被自动转换为字符(字段的值可以是一个 Blob对象,一个 File对象,或者一个字符串,剩下其他类型的值都会被自动转换成字符串).

在该例子中,我们创建了一个名为oMyForm的FormData对象,该对象中包含了名为"username", "accountnum", "userfile" 以及 "webmasterfile"的字段名,然后使用XMLHttpRequest的send()方法把这些数据发送了出去."webmasterfile"字段的值不是一个字符串,还是一个Blob对象.

使用HTML表单来初始化一个FormData对象Edit

可以用一个已有的<form>元素来初始化FormData对象,只需要把这个form元素作为参数传入FormData构造函数即可:

<code class=" language-js"><span class="token keyword">var</span> newFormData <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">FormData</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>someFormElement<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code>

例如:

<code class=" language-js"><span class="token keyword">var</span> formElement <span class="token operator">=</span> document<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getElementById</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"myFormElement"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">var</span> oReq <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">XMLHttpRequest</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
oReq<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">open</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"POST"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"submitform.php"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
oReq<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">send</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">FormData</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>formElement<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code>

你还可以在已有表单数据的基础上,继续添加新的键值对,如下:

<code class=" language-js"><span class="token keyword">var</span> formElement <span class="token operator">=</span> document<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getElementById</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"myFormElement"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
formData <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">FormData</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>formElement<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
formData<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">append</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"serialnumber"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> serialNumber<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
oReq<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">send</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>formData<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code>

你可以通过这种方式添加一些不想让用户编辑的固定字段,然后再发送.

使用FormData对象发送文件Edit

你还可以使用FormData来发送二进制文件.首先在HTML中要有一个包含了文件输入框的form元素:

<code class=" language-html"><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>form</span> <span class="token attr-name">enctype</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>multipart/form-data<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">method</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>post<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">name</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>fileinfo<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
  <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>label</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>Your email address:<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>label</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
  <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>input</span> <span class="token attr-name">type</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>email<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">autocomplete</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>on<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">autofocus</span> <span class="token attr-name">name</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>userid<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">placeholder</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>email<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">required</span> <span class="token attr-name">size</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>32<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">maxlength</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>64<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">/></span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>br</span> <span class="token punctuation">/></span></span>
  <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>label</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>Custom file label:<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>label</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
  <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>input</span> <span class="token attr-name">type</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>text<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">name</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>filelabel<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">size</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>12<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">maxlength</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>32<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">/></span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>br</span> <span class="token punctuation">/></span></span>
  <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>label</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>File to stash:<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>label</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
  <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>input</span> <span class="token attr-name">type</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>file<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">name</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>file<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">required</span> <span class="token punctuation">/></span></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>form</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>div</span> <span class="token attr-name">id</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>output<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>a</span> <span class="token attr-name">href</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>javascript:sendForm()<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>Stash the file!<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>a</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span></code>

然后你就可以使用下面的代码来异步的上传用户所选择的文件:

<code class=" language-js"><span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">sendForm</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token keyword">var</span> oOutput <span class="token operator">=</span> document<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getElementById</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"output"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
  <span class="token keyword">var</span> oData <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">FormData</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>document<span class="token punctuation">.</span>forms<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">namedItem</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"fileinfo"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

  oData<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">append</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"CustomField"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"This is some extra data"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

  <span class="token keyword">var</span> oReq <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">XMLHttpRequest</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
  oReq<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">open</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"POST"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"stash.php"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">true</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
  oReq<span class="token punctuation">.</span>onload <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>oEvent<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>oReq<span class="token punctuation">.</span>status <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">200</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
      oOutput<span class="token punctuation">.</span>innerHTML <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"Uploaded!"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
      oOutput<span class="token punctuation">.</span>innerHTML <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"Error "</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> oReq<span class="token punctuation">.</span>status <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">" occurred uploading your file.<br \/>"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

  oReq<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">send</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>oData<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span></code>

你还可以不借助HTML表单,直接向FormData对象中添加一个File对象或者一个Blob对象:

<code class=" language-js">data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">append</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"myfile"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> myBlob<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code>

如果FormData对象中的某个字段值是一个Blob对象,则在发送http请求时,代表该Blob对象所包含文件的文件名的"Content-Disposition"请求头的值在不同的浏览器下有所不同,Firefox使用了固定的字符串"blob,"而Chrome使用了一个随机字符串.

你还可以使用jQuery来发送FormData,但必须要正确的设置相关选项:

<code class=" language-js"><span class="token keyword">var</span> fd <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">FormData</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>document<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getElementById</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"fileinfo"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
fd<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">append</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"CustomField"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"This is some extra data"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
$<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ajax</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  url<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">"stash.php"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  type<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">"POST"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> fd<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  processData<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>  <span class="token comment">// 告诉jQuery不要去处理发送的数据</span>
  contentType<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">false</span>   <span class="token comment">// 告诉jQuery不要去设置Content-Type请求头</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;





</span></code><code class=" language-js"><span class="token punctuation"></span></code>

经典的多文件上传代码如下

html  页面

1. <!DOCTYPE html>  
2. <html>  
3.     <head>  
4.         <meta charset="UTF-8"/>  
5.         <title>xhr2</title>  
6.     </head>  
7.     <body>      
8.         <div style="text-align:center;margin:100px">        
9.             <input type="file" id="file" name="file" multiple="multiple">  
10.             <button onclick="xhr2()">多文件上传</button>  
11.         </div>          
12.         <script>  
13.         function xhr2(){  
14.             var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();//第一步  
15.             //定义表单变量  
16.             var file = document.getElementById('file').files;  
17.             //console.log(file.length);  
18.             //新建一个FormData对象  
19.             var formData = new FormData(); //++++++++++  
20.             //追加文件数据  
21.             for(i=0;i<file.length;i++){    
22.                  formData.append("file["+i+"]", file[i]); //++++++++++  
23.             }   
24.             //formData.append("file", file[0]); //++++++++++  
25.               
26.             //post方式  
27.             xhr.open('POST', 'xhr2.php'); //第二步骤  
28.             //发送请求  
29.             xhr.send(formData);  //第三步骤  
30.             //ajax返回  
31.             xhr.onreadystatechange = function(){ //第四步  
32.         　　　　if ( xhr.readyState == 4 && xhr.status == 200 ) {  
33.         　　　　　　console.log( xhr.responseText );  
34.         　　　　}  
35.         　　};  
36.             //设置超时时间  
37.             xhr.timeout = 100000;  
38.             xhr.ontimeout = function(event){  
39.         　　　　alert('请求超时！');  
40.         　　}   
41.         }  
42.         </script>  
43.     </body>  
44. </html> 
    

php   页面

1. <?php  
2. print_r($_FILES["file"]);  
3.   
4. for($i=0;$i<count($_FILES["file"]['name']);$i++){  
5. $name=$_FILES["file"]["name"][$i];  
6. move_uploaded_file($_FILES["file"]["tmp_name"][$i],iconv("UTF-8","gb2312",$name));  
7. }  
8.   
9. ?>