Android Camera开发详解 一 实现一个可复用的相机组件

若自己的应用需要使用camera，有两种解决方案。

1. 使用Intent调用自带的Camera程序

2. 使用Camera API在程序中构造自己的Camera。

本文主要讲解第二种。

 

构造一个相机APP，通常需要六个步骤

1. 声明Manifest的相机权限

2. 创建一个相机预览类（继承SurfaceView）

3. 创建一个类实现相机拍照之后的回调函数

 

本文将一步步带你实现上述三个步骤。

1. 声明Manifest的相机权限。

应为我们需要写文件与调用相机，所以在你的manifest文件中加上。

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CAMERA" />

    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />

 

2. 创建一个相机预览类

由于相机的预览是使用的SurfaceView，所以这里我们创建一个SurfaceView的子类。

为了让这个View所见即所得，我们将其设置为4/3的比例。重写它的onMeasure方法

代码如下：

package com.example.cameratutorial;

import android.content.Context;

import android.util.Log;
import android.view.SurfaceView;

/**
 * @author CTGU小龙同学 2014-6-21
 */
public class CameraSurfaceView extends SurfaceView {
	private static final String TAG = "CameraSurfaceView";
	// 用四比三的比例
	public static double RATIO = 3.0 / 4.0;

	/**
	 * @param context
	 */
	public CameraSurfaceView(Context context) {
		super(context);

	}

	@Override
	protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
		
		int height = MeasureSpec.getSize(heightMeasureSpec);
		int width = MeasureSpec.getSize(widthMeasureSpec);
		Log.d("Measured", "before width" + width + "height" + height);

		boolean isWidthLonger;
		int longSide;
		int shortSide;
		// 以短边为准确定一下长边
		if (width < height) {
			height = (int) (width / RATIO);
			isWidthLonger = false;

		} else {
			width = (int) (height / RATIO);
			isWidthLonger = true;
		}

		Log.d("Measured", "after width" + width + "height" + height);
		setMeasuredDimension(width, height);

	}

}

3. 现在我们使用一个实现了SurfaceHolder.Callback, Camera.PictureCallback 的Fragment来把我们需要的组件都封装起来。

代码如下：

package com.example.cameratutorial;

import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.Fragment;
import android.graphics.*;

import android.graphics.Bitmap.CompressFormat;
import android.hardware.Camera;
import android.hardware.Camera.CameraInfo;
import android.hardware.Camera.Size;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Environment;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.*;


import android.widget.RelativeLayout;
import android.widget.Toast;

/**
 * @author CTGU小龙同学 2014-6-21
 */
public class CameraFragment extends Fragment implements SurfaceHolder.Callback, Camera.PictureCallback {
	private Camera mCamera;
	// CameraPreview的holder
	private SurfaceHolder mSurfaceHolder;
	private CameraSurfaceView preview;
	private int mFrontCameraId = -1;
	private int mBackCameraId = -1;

	@Override
	public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {

		preview = new CameraSurfaceView(getActivity());
		preview.getHolder().addCallback(this);

		RelativeLayout layout = new RelativeLayout(getActivity());
		layout.addView(preview);

		return layout;

	}

	@Override
	public void onAttach(Activity activity) {
		super.onAttach(activity);
		findAvailableCameras();

	}

	@Override
	public void onResume() {

		super.onResume();
		Log.d("camera", "mFrontCameraId" + mFrontCameraId);
		Log.d("camera", "mbackCameraId" + mBackCameraId);
		if (mBackCameraId != -1) {

			mCamera = Camera.open(mBackCameraId);

		} else {
			Toast.makeText(getActivity(), "fialed to open camera", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
		}

	}

	@Override
	public void onPause() {
		super.onPause();

		mCamera.stopPreview();
		mCamera.release();
	}

	/**
	 * 获得可用的相机，并设置前后摄像机的ID
	 */
	private void findAvailableCameras() {

		Camera.CameraInfo info = new CameraInfo();
		int numCamera = Camera.getNumberOfCameras();
		for (int i = 0; i < numCamera; i++) {
			Camera.getCameraInfo(i, info);
			// 找到了前置摄像头
			if (info.facing == Camera.CameraInfo.CAMERA_FACING_FRONT) {
				mFrontCameraId = info.facing;
			}
			// 招到了后置摄像头
			if (info.facing == Camera.CameraInfo.CAMERA_FACING_BACK) {
				mBackCameraId = info.facing;
			}

		}

	}

	/**
	 * 当相机拍照时会回调该方法
	 */
	@Override
	public void onPictureTaken(byte[] data, Camera camera) {
		final Bitmap bitmap;

		final String path;
		try {
			// /storage/emulated/0/Pictures/XXX.jpg

			path = Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(Environment.DIRECTORY_PICTURES).getAbsolutePath() + "/" + new Date().toLocaleString() + ".jpg";
			Log.d("Path", path);
			bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeByteArray(data, 0, data.length);
			camera.stopPreview();

			final int displayOrientation = getCorrectOrientation();
			new Thread(new Runnable() {

				@Override
				public void run() {
					FileOutputStream fos;
					Matrix matrix = new Matrix();
					matrix.postRotate(displayOrientation);
					Bitmap rotaBitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(bitmap, 0, 0, bitmap.getWidth(), bitmap.getHeight(), matrix, false);

					try {
						fos = new FileOutputStream(path);
						rotaBitmap.compress(CompressFormat.JPEG, 100, fos);
						fos.close();
					} catch (Exception e) {
						// TODO Auto-generated catch block
						e.printStackTrace();
					}

				}
			}).start();

		} catch (Exception e) {

		}
		camera.startPreview();
	}

	/**
	 * 让预览跟照片符合正确的方向。<br/>
	 * 因为预览默认是横向的。如果是一个竖向的应用，就需要把预览转90度<br/>
	 * 比如横着时1280*960的尺寸时，1280是宽.<br/>
	 * 竖着的时候1280就是高了<br/>
	 * 这段代码来自官方API。意思就是让拍出照片的方向和预览方向正确的符合设备当前的方向（有可能是竖向的也可能使横向的）
	 * 
	 */
	private int getCorrectOrientation() {
		android.hardware.Camera.CameraInfo info = new android.hardware.Camera.CameraInfo();
		android.hardware.Camera.getCameraInfo(mBackCameraId, info);
		int rotation = getActivity().getWindowManager().getDefaultDisplay().getRotation();
		int degrees = 0;
		switch (rotation) {
		case Surface.ROTATION_0:
			degrees = 0;
			break;
		case Surface.ROTATION_90:
			degrees = 90;
			break;
		case Surface.ROTATION_180:
			degrees = 180;
			break;
		case Surface.ROTATION_270:
			degrees = 270;
			break;
		}

		int result;
		if (info.facing == Camera.CameraInfo.CAMERA_FACING_FRONT) {
			result = (info.orientation + degrees) % 360;
			result = (360 - result) % 360; // compensate the mirror
		} else { // back-facing
			result = (info.orientation - degrees + 360) % 360;
		}
		Log.d("orientationResult", result + "");
		return result;
	}

	public void takePicture() {
		mCamera.takePicture(null, null, this);
	}

	@Override
	public void surfaceCreated(SurfaceHolder holder) {
		mSurfaceHolder = holder;

		startPreView();

	}

	private void startPreView() {
		try {
			mCamera.setPreviewDisplay(mSurfaceHolder);
			setPreviewSize();
			setDisplayOrientation();
			mCamera.startPreview();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}

	}

	private void setDisplayOrientation() {
		int displayOrientation = getCorrectOrientation();

		mCamera.setDisplayOrientation(displayOrientation);
	}

	/**
	 * 我们用4比3的比例设置预览图片
	 */
	private void setPreviewSize() {
		Camera.Parameters params = mCamera.getParameters();
		List<Size> sizes = params.getSupportedPreviewSizes();
		for (Size size : sizes) {
			Log.d("previewSize", "width:" + size.width + " height " + size.height);
		}
		for (Size size : sizes) {
			if (size.width / 4 == size.height / 3) {
				params.setPreviewSize(size.width, size.height);
				Log.d("previewSize", "SET width:" + size.width + " height " + size.height);
				break;
			}
		}

		// params一定要记得写回Camera
		mCamera.setParameters(params);

	}

	private void setPictureSize() {
		Camera.Parameters params = mCamera.getParameters();
		List<Size> sizes = params.getSupportedPictureSizes();
		for (Size size : sizes) {
			Log.d("picSize", "width:" + size.width + " height " + size.height);
		}
		for (Size size : sizes) {
			if (size.width / 4 == size.height / 3) {
				params.setPictureSize(size.width, size.height);
				break;
			}
		}

	}

	@Override
	public void surfaceChanged(SurfaceHolder holder, int format, int width, int height) {

	}

	@Override
	public void surfaceDestroyed(SurfaceHolder holder) {
		mCamera.release();
	}

}

4. 程序的Mainactivity以及相应的布局文件

package com.example.cameratutorial;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.FragmentManager;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {
	
	@Override
	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
		final CameraFragment fragment=(CameraFragment) getFragmentManager().findFragmentById(R.id.camera_fragment);
		Button button=(Button) findViewById(R.id.TakePic);
		button.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
			
			@Override
			public void onClick(View v) {
				fragment.takePicture();
				
			}
		});
		
	}

	

}

布局文件

<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent" 
    android:orientation="vertical"
    >

    <fragment
        android:id="@+id/camera_fragment"
        android:name="com.example.cameratutorial.CameraFragment"       
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/TakePic"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
        android:text="capture" />

</RelativeLayout>

这样，我们一个可以复用的相机组件就完成了

下一篇文章应该是关于如何实现触摸对焦测光的。