Oracle/PLSQL: Oracle System Tables

Oracle uses a Data Dictionary to store details of all the Tables, Columns etc.. (check out the associated Data Model). You will normally be interested only in your own Tables, which are provided by the 'USER' views, which are for the User who is currently logged in. The System Administrator or DBA will usually be interested in the 'ALL' Views, which show data for all Users.

These details can be confirmed in SQL*PLus View Description ALL_CATALOG Contains every Tables, View and Synonym. ALL_OBJECT_TABLES All Object-Oriented Tables. ALL_TAB_COMMENTS comments for every Table, which are usually a short description of the Table. ALL_TAB_GRANTS All owner Privileges, including PUBLIC('everyone'). ALL_TAB_GRANTS_RECD Privileges granted by others to others. ALL_TYPES All Object Types. ALL_TYPES_METHODS All Object Types that are Methods. ALL_USERS Names and Create Dates for all Users. DATA_DICT ('DICT') This item is in bold because it is very important. If you know nothing, you can start with 'SELECT * FROM DATA_DICT'. It is a top-level record of everything in the Data Dictionary. DBA_FREE_SPACE Remaining Free Space in each Tablespace. A DBA typically spends a lot of time increasing Free Space as Databases have to hold more data than originally planned. USER_CATALOG All Tables, Views and Synonynms that the currently logged-in User can see. USER_INDEXES Details of User-specific Indexes. USER_TABLES Details of User-specific Tables, with some statistics, such as record counts. USER_TAB_COLUMNS Details of Columns within each User Table, which is very useful when you want to find the structure of your Tables. USER_TAB_GRANTS Details of User-specific Privileges for Table access. USER_VIEWS Details of User-specific Views, and the SQL for each View,(which is essential).

 

 

Here's a List of Oracle System Tables, and Oracle's list of their Data Dictionary Views.

 

 

 

Oracle/PLSQL: Oracle System Tables

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Below is an alphabetical listing of the Oracle system tables that are commonly used.

System Table	Description
ALL_ARGUMENTS	Arguments in object accessible to the user
ALL_CATALOG	All tables, views, synonyms, sequences accessible to the user
ALL_COL_COMMENTS	Comments on columns of accessible tables and views
ALL_CONSTRAINTS	Constraint definitions on accessible tables
ALL_CONS_COLUMNS	Information about accessible columns in constraint definitions
ALL_DB_LINKS	Database links accessible to the user
ALL_ERRORS	Current errors on stored objects that user is allowed to create
ALL_INDEXES	Descriptions of indexes on tables accessible to the user
ALL_IND_COLUMNS	COLUMNs comprising INDEXes on accessible TABLES
ALL_LOBS	Description of LOBs contained in tables accessible to the user
ALL_OBJECTS	Objects accessible to the user
ALL_OBJECT_TABLES	Description of all object tables accessible to the user
ALL_SEQUENCES	Description of SEQUENCEs accessible to the user
ALL_SNAPSHOTS	Snapshots the user can access
ALL_SOURCE	Current source on stored objects that user is allowed to create
ALL_SYNONYMS	All synonyms accessible to the user
ALL_TABLES	Description of relational tables accessible to the user
ALL_TAB_COLUMNS	Columns of user's tables, views and clusters
ALL_TAB_COL_STATISTICS	Columns of user's tables, views and clusters
ALL_TAB_COMMENTS	Comments on tables and views accessible to the user
ALL_TRIGGERS	Triggers accessible to the current user
ALL_TRIGGER_COLS	Column usage in user's triggers or in triggers on user's tables
ALL_TYPES	Description of types accessible to the user
ALL_UPDATABLE_COLUMNS	Description of all updatable columns
ALL_USERS	Information about all users of the database
ALL_VIEWS	Description of views accessible to the user
DATABASE_COMPATIBLE_LEVEL	Database compatible parameter set via init.ora
DBA_DB_LINKS	All database links in the database
DBA_ERRORS	Current errors on all stored objects in the database
DBA_OBJECTS	All objects in the database
DBA_ROLES	All Roles which exist in the database
DBA_ROLE_PRIVS	Roles granted to users and roles
DBA_SOURCE	Source of all stored objects in the database
DBA_TABLESPACES	Description of all tablespaces
DBA_TAB_PRIVS	All grants on objects in the database
DBA_TRIGGERS	All triggers in the database
DBA_TS_QUOTAS	Tablespace quotas for all users
DBA_USERS	Information about all users of the database
DBA_VIEWS	Description of all views in the database
DICTIONARY	Description of data dictionary tables and views
DICT_COLUMNS	Description of columns in data dictionary tables and views
GLOBAL_NAME	global database name
NLS_DATABASE_PARAMETERS	Permanent NLS parameters of the database
NLS_INSTANCE_PARAMETERS	NLS parameters of the instance
NLS_SESSION_PARAMETERS	NLS parameters of the user session
PRODUCT_COMPONENT_VERSION	version and status information for component products
ROLE_TAB_PRIVS	Table privileges granted to roles
SESSION_PRIVS	Privileges which the user currently has set
SESSION_ROLES	Roles which the user currently has enabled.
SYSTEM_PRIVILEGE_MAP	Description table for privilege type codes. Maps privilege type numbers to type names
TABLE_PRIVILEGES	Grants on objects for which the user is the grantor, grantee, owner, or an enabled role or PUBLIC is the grantee
TABLE_PRIVILEGE_MAP	Description table for privilege (auditing option) type codes. Maps privilege (auditing option) type numbers to type names

 

 

例子

 

ORACLE系统表处理

1.取得指定用户的所有表名： 

1. SELECT OWNER  AS "对象所有者",OBJECT_NAME AS "表名",OBJECT_ID AS "对象编号" from dba_objects where owner = 'RAXNYB' AND OBJECT_TYPE = 'TABLE' ORDER BY OWNER,OBJECT_TYPE;  
2. 或  
3. OWNER  AS "对象所有者",TABLE_NAME AS "表名" from DBA_TABLES where owner = 'RAXNYB'  ORDER BY OWNER,TABLE_NAME;  

SELECT OWNER  AS "对象所有者",OBJECT_NAME AS "表名",OBJECT_ID AS "对象编号" from dba_objects where owner = 'RAXNYB' AND OBJECT_TYPE = 'TABLE' ORDER BY OWNER,OBJECT_TYPE;
或
OWNER  AS "对象所有者",TABLE_NAME AS "表名" from DBA_TABLES where owner = 'RAXNYB'  ORDER BY OWNER,TABLE_NAME;

2.取得指定用户的所有视图名称： 

1. SELECT OWNER  AS "对象所有者",VIEW_NAME AS "视图名称" from DBA_VIEWS  where owner = 'RAXNYB'  ORDER BY OWNER,VIEW_NAME;  

SELECT OWNER  AS "对象所有者",VIEW_NAME AS "视图名称" from DBA_VIEWS  where owner = 'RAXNYB'  ORDER BY OWNER,VIEW_NAME;

oracle系统表查询

1.用户：

1. select username from dba_users;  

select username from dba_users;

改口令

1. alter user spgroup identified by spgtest;   

alter user spgroup identified by spgtest; 

2.表空间:

1. select * from dba_data_files;   
2. select * from dba_tablespaces;//表空间   
3. select tablespace_name,sum(bytes), sum(blocks) from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name;//空闲表空间   
4. select * from dba_data_files where tablespace_name='RBS';//表空间对应的数据文件   
5. select * from dba_segments where tablespace_name='INDEXS';   

select * from dba_data_files; 
select * from dba_tablespaces;//表空间 
select tablespace_name,sum(bytes), sum(blocks) from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name;//空闲表空间 
select * from dba_data_files where tablespace_name='RBS';//表空间对应的数据文件 
select * from dba_segments where tablespace_name='INDEXS'; 

3.数据库对象

1. select * from dba_objects;   
2.   
3. CLUSTER、 DATABASE LINK、FUNCTION、INDEX、LIBRARY、PACKAGE、PACKAGE BODY、PROCEDURE、 SEQUENCE、SYNONYM、TABLE、TRIGGER、TYPE、UNDEFINED、VIEW。  

select * from dba_objects; 

CLUSTER、DATABASE LINK、FUNCTION、INDEX、LIBRARY、PACKAGE、PACKAGE BODY、PROCEDURE、SEQUENCE、SYNONYM、TABLE、TRIGGER、TYPE、UNDEFINED、VIEW。

4.表

1. select * from dba_tables;   
2.   
3. select extent_id,bytes from dba_extents where segment_name='CUSTOMERS' and segment_type='TABLE' order by extent_id;//表使用的extent的信息。segment_type='ROLLBACK'查看回滚段的空间分配信息  
4.   
5. select distinct table_name from user_tab_columns where column_name='SO_TYPE_ID';   

select * from dba_tables; 

select extent_id,bytes from dba_extents where segment_name='CUSTOMERS' and segment_type='TABLE' order by extent_id;//表使用的extent的信息。segment_type='ROLLBACK'查看回滚段的空间分配信息

select distinct table_name from user_tab_columns where column_name='SO_TYPE_ID'; 

5.索引

1. select * from dba_indexes;//索引，包括主键索引  
2. select * from dba_ind_columns;//索引列  
3. select i.index_name,i.uniqueness,c.column_name  
4. from user_indexes i,user_ind_columns c  
5. where i.index_name=c.index_name  
6. and i.table_name ='ACC_NBR';//联接使用  

select * from dba_indexes;//索引，包括主键索引
select * from dba_ind_columns;//索引列
select i.index_name,i.uniqueness,c.column_name
from user_indexes i,user_ind_columns c
where i.index_name=c.index_name
and i.table_name ='ACC_NBR';//联接使用

6.序列

1. select * from dba_sequences;  

select * from dba_sequences;

7.视图

1. select * from dba_views  
2. select * from all_views  
3. text字段 可用于查询视图生成的脚本  

select * from dba_views
select * from all_views
text字段 可用于查询视图生成的脚本

8.聚簇

1. select * from dba_clusters  

select * from dba_clusters

9.快照

1. select * from dba_snapshots  

select * from dba_snapshots

快照、分区应存在相应的表空间

10.同义词

1. select * from dba_synonyms  

select * from dba_synonyms

//if owner is PUBLIC,then the synonyms is a public synonym.
//if owner is one of users,then the synonyms is a private synonym

11.数据库链

1. select * from dba_db_links  

select * from dba_db_links

在spbase下建数据库链:

1. create database link dbl_spnew   
2. connect to spnew identified by spnew using 'jhhx';  
3.   
4. insert into acc_nbr@dbl_spnew select * from acc_nbr where nxx_nbr='237' and line_nbr='8888';   

create database link dbl_spnew 
connect to spnew identified by spnew using 'jhhx';

insert into acc_nbr@dbl_spnew select * from acc_nbr where nxx_nbr='237' and line_nbr='8888'; 

12.触发器 

1. select * from dba_trigers;  

select * from dba_trigers;

存储过程，函数从dba_objects查找
其文本：select text from user_source where name='BOOK_SP_EXAMPLE';
建立出错：select * from user_errors
oracle总是将存储过程，函数等软件放在SYSTEM表空间。

13.约束
（1）约束是和表关联的，可在create table或alter table table_name add/drop/modify来建立、修改、删除约束.
　　可以临时禁止约束，如：

1. alter table book_example disable constraint book_example_1;  
2. alter table book_example enable constraint book_example_1;   

alter table book_example disable constraint book_example_1;
alter table book_example enable constraint book_example_1; 

（2）主键和外键被称为表约束，而not null和unique之类的约束被称为列约束。通常将主键和外键作为单独的命名约束放在字段列表下面，而列约束可放在列定义的同一行，这样更具有可读性
（3）列约束可从表定义看出，即describe;表约束即主键和外键，可从dba_constraints和dba_cons_columns 查。

1. select * from user_constraints where table_name='BOOK_EXAMPLE';   
2. select owner,CONSTRAINT_NAME,TABLE_NAME from user_constraints where constraint_type='R' order by table_name;   

select * from user_constraints where table_name='BOOK_EXAMPLE'; 
select owner,CONSTRAINT_NAME,TABLE_NAME from user_constraints where constraint_type='R' order by table_name; 

（4）定义约束可以无名（系统自动生成约束名）和自己定义约束名（特别是主键、外键） 如：

1. create table book_example (identifier number not null);   
2. create table book_example (identifier number constranit book_example_1 not null);   

create table book_example (identifier number not null); 
create table book_example (identifier number constranit book_example_1 not null); 

14、回滚段：
在所有的修改结果存入磁盘前，回滚段中保持恢复该事务所需的全部信息，必须以数据库发生的事务来相应确定其大小（DML语句才可回滚，create,drop,truncate等DDL不能回滚）。
回滚段数量=并发事务/4，但不能超过50；使每个回滚段大小足够处理一个完整的事务；

1. create rollback segment r05  tablespace rbs;   
2. create rollback segment rbs_cvt tablespace rbs storage(initial 1M next 500k);  

create rollback segment r05  tablespace rbs; 
create rollback segment rbs_cvt tablespace rbs storage(initial 1M next 500k);

使回滚段在线

1. alter rollback segment r04 online;  

alter rollback segment r04 online;

用dba_extents,v$rollback_segs监测回滚段的大小和动态增长。

回滚段的区间信息

1. select * from dba_extents where segment_type='ROLLBACK' and segment_name='RB1';   

select * from dba_extents where segment_type='ROLLBACK' and segment_name='RB1'; 

回滚段的段信息,其中bytes显示目前回滚段的字节数

1. select * from dba_segments where segment_type='ROLLBACK' and segment_name='RB1';   

select * from dba_segments where segment_type='ROLLBACK' and segment_name='RB1'; 

为事物指定回归段

1. set transaction use rollback segment rbs_cvt   

set transaction use rollback segment rbs_cvt 

针对bytes可以使用回滚段回缩。

1.    
2. alter rollback segment rbs_cvt shrink;  
3. select bytes,extents,max_extents from dba_segments where segment_type='ROLLBACK' and segment_name='RBS_CVT';   

 
alter rollback segment rbs_cvt shrink;
select bytes,extents,max_extents from dba_segments where segment_type='ROLLBACK' and segment_name='RBS_CVT'; 

回滚段的当前状态信息：

1. select * from dba_rollback_segs where segment_name='RB1';  

select * from dba_rollback_segs where segment_name='RB1';

比多回滚段状态status，回滚段所属实例instance_num
查优化值optimal

1. select n.name,s.optsize from v$rollname n,v$rollstat s where n.usn=s.usn;   

select n.name,s.optsize from v$rollname n,v$rollstat s where n.usn=s.usn; 

回滚段中的数据

1. set transaction use rollback segment rb1;/*回滚段名*/   
2. select n.name,s.writes from v$rollname n,v$rollstat s where n.usn=s.usn;   

set transaction use rollback segment rb1;/*回滚段名*/ 
select n.name,s.writes from v$rollname n,v$rollstat s where n.usn=s.usn; 

当事务处理完毕，再次查询$rollstat，比较writes(回滚段条目字节数)差值，可确定事务的大小。
查询回滚段中的事务

1. column rr heading 'RB Segment' format a18   
2. column us heading 'Username' format a15   
3. column os heading 'Os User' format a10   
4. column te heading 'Terminal' format a10   
5. select r.name rr,nvl(s.username,'no transaction') us,s.osuser os,s.terminal te from v$lock l,v$session s,v$rollname r   
6. where l.sid=s.sid(+)  
7. and trunc(l.id1/65536)=R.USN and l.type='TX' and l.lmode=6 order by r.name;  

column rr heading 'RB Segment' format a18 
column us heading 'Username' format a15 
column os heading 'Os User' format a10 
column te heading 'Terminal' format a10 
select r.name rr,nvl(s.username,'no transaction') us,s.osuser os,s.terminal te from v$lock l,v$session s,v$rollname r 
where l.sid=s.sid(+)
and trunc(l.id1/65536)=R.USN and l.type='TX' and l.lmode=6 order by r.name;

15、作业
　　查询作业信息

1. select job,broken,next_date,interval,what from user_jobs;   
2. select job,broken,next_date,interval,what from dba_jobs;  

select job,broken,next_date,interval,what from user_jobs; 
select job,broken,next_date,interval,what from dba_jobs;

查询正在运行的作业

1. select * from dba_jobs_running;  

select * from dba_jobs_running;

使用包

1. exec dbms_job.submit(:v_num,'a;',sysdate,'sysdate + (10/(24*60*60))')加入作业。间隔10秒钟   
2. exec dbms_job.submit(:v_num,'a;',sysdate,'sysdate + (11/(24*60))')加入作业。间隔11分钟使用包exec dbms_job.remove(21)删除21号作业。  

exec dbms_job.submit(:v_num,'a;',sysdate,'sysdate + (10/(24*60*60))')加入作业。间隔10秒钟 
exec dbms_job.submit(:v_num,'a;',sysdate,'sysdate + (11/(24*60))')加入作业。间隔11分钟使用包exec dbms_job.remove(21)删除21号作业。

 

16.批注:
ALL_COL_COMMENTS

 

 

references:

英文：

http://www.databaseanswers.org/data_models/oracle_data_dictionary/index.htm

 

http://www.databaseanswers.org/oracle_system_tables.htm

 

http://techonthenet.com/oracle/sys_tables/index.php

 

中文：

 

http://daniel-wuz.javaeye.com/blog/145925

 

http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/archive/2011/01/28/6168314.aspx