本节课程回顾了一些简单但常用的线性代数知识
很基础的,我会直接跳过,并对矩阵的一些运算进行编程实现。
3.1 矩阵的加法和标量乘法
矩阵加法:要求行列数要相等,然后,每个元素对应相加。
exp:
矩阵的标量乘法:每个元素都要乘
exp:
3.2 矩阵的向量乘法
矩阵的向量乘法,就是矩阵和向量相乘。要求:矩阵的列数要与向量的行数相等!
exp:
如上例所示,2×3的矩阵乘以3×1的向量,得到2×1的向量。
3.3 矩阵的乘法
矩阵乘法:实际就是乘加运算,对应行和对应列的对应元素相乘后相加(如下图所示)。注意:矩阵乘法中,前一个矩阵的列数要与后一个矩阵的行数相等。
矩阵乘法运算过程:
exp:
3.4 矩阵的转置和逆
矩阵的转置 定义矩阵A的转置:有这样一个矩阵B,满足B=a(j,i),即b(j,i)=a(i,j)(B的第i行第j个元素是A的第j行第i个元素),记作
exp:
矩阵的逆 如矩阵A是一个m×m矩阵(即方阵),如果有逆矩阵,则:
矩阵可逆的条件
矩阵A可逆,则A为方阵,且A的行列式值不为0。反过来同样成立!
方阵A的行列式如果为0,则为奇异方阵(singular)。
exp:
显然,矩阵A与矩阵B相乘,结果为I(单位阵)。所以,A是B的逆阵,B也是A的逆阵。
3.5 编程实现矩阵基本运算
程序是使用Python2.7编写,基于tensorflow框架。
#!/usr/bin/env python2
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
Created on Tue Jan 17 12:24:29 2017
@author: louishao
"""
import tensorflow as tf
#Matrix addition
mata = tf.constant([[1,2],[3,4],[5,6]])
matb = tf.constant([[5,3],[2,4],[6,7]])
matadd = tf.add(mata,matb)
#Scalar multiplication
cons = tf.constant(3)
mat1 = tf.constant([[1,2],[3,4],[5,6]])
scalmul = tf.mul(cons,mat1)
#Matrix vector multiplication
mat = tf.constant([[1,2,3],[4,5,6]])
vec = tf.constant([[1],[2],[3]])
matvecmul = tf.matmul(mat,vec)
#Matrix multiplication
m1 = tf.constant([[1,2],[2,3],[3,4]])
m2 = tf.constant([[2,1],[3,5]])
matmul = tf.matmul(m1,m2)
#Matrix transpose
mattt = tf.constant([[1,2],[3,4],[5,6]])
mattrans = tf.transpose(mattt)
#Matrix inverse
matt = tf.constant([[3.0,2.0,0.0],[2.0,1.0,2.0],[2.0,1.0,1.0]],'float32')
matinver = tf.matrix_inverse(matt)
with tf.Session() as sess:
print "Matrix addition"
print "the addition is \n%s"%(sess.run(matadd))
print "---------------------------"
print "Scalar multiplication"
print "the scalar multiplication is \n%s"%(sess.run(scalmul))
print "--------------------------"
print "Matrix vector multiplication"
print "the matrix vector multiplication is\n%s"%(sess.run(matvecmul))
print "--------------------------"
print "Matrix multiplication"
print "the matrix multiplication is\n %s"%(sess.run(matmul))
print "--------------------------"
print "Matrix transpose"
print "transpose is\n %s"%(sess.run(mattrans))
print "-------------------------"
print "Inverse matrix"
print "matrix inverse is \n%s"%(sess.run(matinver))
运行结果:
Matrix addition
the addition is
[[ 6 5]
[ 5 8]
[11 13]]
---------------------------
Scalar multiplication
the scalar multiplication is
[[ 3 6]
[ 9 12]
[15 18]]
--------------------------
Matrix vector multiplication
the matrix vector multiplication is
[[14]
[32]]
--------------------------
Matrix multiplication
the matrix multiplication is
[[ 8 11]
[13 17]
[18 23]]
--------------------------
Matrix transpose
transpose is
[[1 3 5]
[2 4 6]]
-------------------------
Inverse matrix
matrix inverse is
[[-0.99999994 -1.99999988 3.99999976]
[ 1.99999988 2.99999976 -5.99999952]
[-0. 1. -1. ]]