LVM的用法

 

LVM的用法

学了两天的LVM。一开始看的时候总是不理解其中的用意。实践两次后，再看理论，豁然开朗。我现在说一下我的LVM基本配置

   LVM其实就是将几个物理分区通过软件组合在一起，看起来像是独立的大磁盘。

PV：物理磁盘；  VG：卷组； LV：逻辑卷。

 

呵呵，看懂这个图，就这知道LVM的设置流程了。好了，我下面把我的具体设置讲一下吧。

说明：我的是加了一块硬盘( 8G )。我命名为/dev/hdb

1.查看一下这个磁盘

[root@whx ~]# fdisk -l /dev/hdb

 

Disk /dev/hdb: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes

15 heads, 63 sectors/track, 17753 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 945 * 512 = 483840 bytes

 

Disk /dev/hdb doesn't contain a valid partition table

 

2.创建分区，我创建了三个分区。

[root@whx ~]# fdisk /dev/hdb

Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel

Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,

until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous

content won't be recoverable.

 

 

The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 17753.

There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,

and could in certain setups cause problems with:

1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)

2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs

   (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)

Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)

 

Command (m for help): n

Command action

   e   extended

   p   primary partition (1-4)

p

Partition number (1-4): 1

First cylinder (1-17753, default 1):

Using default value 1

Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-17753, default 17753): + 3000M

 

Command (m for help): n

Command action

   e   extended

   p   primary partition (1-4)

p

Partition number (1-4): 2

First cylinder (6202-17753, default 6202):

Using default value 6202

Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (6202-17753, default 17753): + 2000M

 

Command (m for help): n

Command action

   e   extended

   p   primary partition (1-4)

p

Partition number (1-4): 3

First cylinder (10337-17753, default 10337):

Using default value 10337

Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (10337-17753, default 17753):

Using default value 17753

 

Command (m for help): p

 

Disk /dev/hdb: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes

15 heads, 63 sectors/track, 17753 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 945 * 512 = 483840 bytes

 

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/hdb1               1        6201     2929941   83  Linux

/dev/hdb2            6202       10336     1953787+  83  Linux

/dev/hdb3           10337       17753     3504532+  83  Linux

 

Command (m for help): w

The partition table has been altered!

 

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

Syncing disks.

 

3.建立PV与查询PV

[root@whx ~]# fdisk /dev/hdb

目的：改变文件的分区代号。

The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 17753.

There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,

and could in certain setups cause problems with:

1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)

2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs

   (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)

Command (m for help): t

Partition number (1-4): 1

Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e

Changed system type of partition 1 to 8e (Linux LVM)

 

Command (m for help): t

Partition number (1-4): 2

Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e

Changed system type of partition 2 to 8e (Linux LVM)

 

Command (m for help): w

The partition table has been altered!

 

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

Syncing disks.

[root@whx ~]# partprobe

[root@whx ~]# fdisk -l /dev/hdb

 

Disk /dev/hdb: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes

15 heads, 63 sectors/track, 17753 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 945 * 512 = 483840 bytes

 

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/hdb1               1        6201     2929941   8e  Linux LVM

/dev/hdb2            6202       10336     1953787+  8e  Linux LVM

/dev/hdb3           10337       17753     3504532+  83  Linux

 

[root@whx ~]# pvcreate /dev/hdb1

  Physical volume "/dev/hdb1" successfully created

[root@whx ~]# pvcreate /dev/hdb2

  Physical volume "/dev/hdb2" successfully created

[root@whx ~]# pvscan（查询）

  PV /dev/hdb1         lvm2 [2.79 GB]

  PV /dev/hdb2         lvm2 [1.86 GB]

  Total: 2 [4.66 GB] / in use: 0 [0   ] / in no VG: 2 [4.66 GB]

[root@whx ~]# pvdisplay（查询）

  "/dev/hdb1" is a new physical volume of "2.79 GB"

  --- NEW Physical volume ---

  PV Name               /dev/hdb1

  VG Name              

  PV Size               2.79 GB

  Allocatable           NO

  PE Size (KByte)       0

  Total PE              0

  Free PE               0

  Allocated PE          0

  PV UUID               8kHYl1-eTMe-HTjX-MVcK-JKBa-wb5e-JY0pj1

  

  "/dev/hdb2" is a new physical volume of "1.86 GB"

  --- NEW Physical volume ---

  PV Name               /dev/hdb2

  VG Name              

  PV Size               1.86 GB

  Allocatable           NO

  PE Size (KByte)       0

  Total PE              0

  Free PE               0

  Allocated PE          0

  PV UUID               yfirkQ-8hoy-GLzC-OE 7m -EZ0h-L8QK-FIadRb

 

4．创建VG

  格式：Vgcreate  VGname  PVname1  PVname2

[root@whx ~]# vgcreate batmanvg /dev/hdb1 /dev/hdb2

  Volume group "batmanvg" successfully created

[root@whx ~]# vgscan

  Reading all physical volumes.  This may take a while...

  Found volume group "batmanvg" using metadata type lvm2

[root@whx ~]# vgdisplay

  --- Volume group ---

  VG Name               batmanvg

  System ID            

  Format                lvm2

  Metadata Areas        2

  Metadata Sequence No  1

  VG Access             read/write

  VG Status             resizable

  MAX LV                 0

  Cur LV                 0

  Open LV                0

  Max PV                0

  Cur PV                2

  Act PV                2

  VG Size               4.65 GB

  PE Size               4.00 MB

  Total PE              1191

  Alloc PE / Size       0 / 0  

  Free  PE / Size       1191 / 4.65 GB

  VG UUID               89K6md-z7TS-e1Kq-QL7B-FZ9x-Es8v-ugiA0s

  

5.建立LV

格式：

[root@whx ~]# pvscan

  PV /dev/hdb1   VG batmanvg   lvm2 [2.79 GB / 2.79 GB free]

  PV /dev/hdb2   VG batmanvg   lvm2 [1.86 GB / 1.86 GB free]

  Total: 2 [4.65 GB] / in use: 2 [4.65 GB] / in no VG: 0 [0   ]

[root@whx dev]# lvcreate -L 4.65G -n batmanlv batmanvg

  Rounding up size to full physical extent 4.65 GB

  Logical volume "batmanlv" created

[root@whx dev]# lvscan

  ACTIVE            '/dev/batmanvg/batmanlv' [4.65 GB] inherit

[root@whx dev]# lvdisplay

  --- Logical volume ---

  LV Name                /dev/batmanvg/batmanlv

  VG Name                batmanvg

  LV UUID                jurPhr-Xrn9-gIMl-eIUn-BH6r-N8X9-djJFzn

  LV Write Access        read/write

  LV Status              available

  # open                 0

  LV Size                4.65 GB

  Current LE             1191

  Segments               2

  Allocation             inherit

  Read ahead sectors     auto

  - currently set to     256

  Block device           253:0

 

6.分区的格式化与载入

[root@whx dev]# mke2fs -j /dev/batmanvg/batmanlv

mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)

Filesystem label=

OS type: Linux

Block size=4096 (log=2)

Fragment size=4096 (log=2)

610432 inodes, 1219584 blocks

60979 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user

First data block=0

Maximum filesystem blocks=1249902592

38 block groups

32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group

16064 inodes per group

Superblock backups stored on blocks:

        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736

 

Writing inode tables: done                           

Creating journal (32768 blocks): done

Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

 

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 35 mounts or

180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

[root@whx dev]# mkdir /mnt/lvm

[root@whx dev]# mount -t ext3 /dev/batmanvg/batmanlv  /mnt/lvm

[root@whx dev]# df

Filesystem           1K-blocks      Used Available Use% Mounted on

/dev/hda2              6940516    356164   6226104   6% /

/dev/hda8              1984016     40000   1841604   3% /home

/dev/hda7              2972236     70124   2748696   3% /opt

/dev/hda6              5952252   2729500   2915512  49% /usr

/dev/hda5              5952252    258684   5386328   5% /var

/dev/hda3              6940516    176084   6406184   3% /usr/local

/dev/hda1               194442     11127    173276   7% /boot

tmpfs                   127796         0    127796   0% /dev/shm

/dev/mapper/batmanvg-batmanlv

                       4801664    140736   4417012   4% /mnt/lvm

 

7.加大原有的LVM

[root@whx dev]# umount /mnt/lvm

[root@whx dev]# fdisk /dev/hdb

 

The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 17753.

There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,

and could in certain setups cause problems with:

1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)

2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs

   (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)

 

Command (m for help): t

Partition number (1-4): 3

Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e

Changed system type of partition 3 to 8e (Linux LVM)

 

Command (m for help): w

The partition table has been altered!

 

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

 

WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.

The kernel still uses the old table.

The new table will be used at the next reboot.

Syncing disks.

[root@whx dev]# fdisk -l /dev/hdb

 

Disk /dev/hdb: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes

15 heads, 63 sectors/track, 17753 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 945 * 512 = 483840 bytes

 

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/hdb1               1        6201     2929941   8e  Linux LVM

/dev/hdb2            6202       10336     1953787+  8e  Linux LVM

/dev/hdb3           10337       17753     3504532+  8e  Linux LVM

[root@whx ~]# partprobe

[root@whx ~]# pvcreate /dev/hdb3

  Physical volume "/dev/hdb3" successfully created

[root@whx ~]# vgextend batmanvg /dev/hdb3

  Volume group "batmanvg" successfully extended

[root@whx ~]# vgdisplay

  --- Volume group ---

  VG Name               batmanvg

  System ID            

  Format                lvm2

  Metadata Areas        3

  Metadata Sequence No  5

  VG Access             read/write

  VG Status             resizable

  MAX LV                 0

  Cur LV                 1

  Open LV                0

  Max PV                0

  Cur PV                3

  Act PV                3

  VG Size               7.99 GB

  PE Size               4.00 MB

  Total PE              2046

  Alloc PE / Size       1191 / 4.65 GB

  Free  PE / Size       855 / 3.34 GB

  VG UUID               89K6md-z7TS-e1Kq-QL7B-FZ9x-Es8v-ugiA0s

[root@whx ~]# pvscan

  PV /dev/hdb1   VG batmanvg   lvm2 [2.79 GB / 0    free]

  PV /dev/hdb2   VG batmanvg   lvm2 [1.86 GB / 0    free]

  PV /dev/hdb3   VG batmanvg   lvm2 [3.34 GB / 3.34 GB free]

  Total: 3 [7.99 GB] / in use: 3 [7.99 GB] / in no VG: 0 [0   ]

[root@whx ~]# lvextend -L + 3G /dev/batmanvg/batmanlv

  Extending logical volume batmanlv to 7.65 GB

  Logical volume batmanlv successfully resized

[root@whx ~]# lvdisplay

  --- Logical volume ---

  LV Name                /dev/batmanvg/batmanlv

  VG Name                batmanvg

  LV UUID                jurPhr-Xrn9-gIMl-eIUn-BH6r-N8X9-djJFzn

  LV Write Access        read/write

  LV Status              available

  # open                 0

  LV Size                7.65 GB

  Current LE             1959

  Segments               3

  Allocation             inherit

  Read ahead sectors     auto

  - currently set to     256

  Block device           253:0

[root@whx ~]# mount -t ext3 /dev/batmanvg/batmanlv /mnt/lvm

[root@whx ~]# df -h

Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/hda2             6.7G   348M   6.0G    6% /

/dev/hda8             1.9G    40M   1.8G    3% /home

/dev/hda7             2.9G    69M   2.7G    3% /opt

/dev/hda6             5.7G   2.7G   2.8G   49% /usr

/dev/hda5             5.7G   253M   5.2G    5% /var

/dev/hda3             6.7G   172M   6.2G    3% /usr/local

/dev/hda1             190M    11M   170M    7% /boot

tmpfs                 125M      0  125M    0% /dev/shm

/dev/mapper/batmanvg-batmanlv

                       4.6G   138M   4.3G    4% /mnt/lvm

[root@whx ~]# umount /mnt/lvm

[root@whx ~]# resize2fs -f /dev/batmanvg/batmanlv

resize2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)

Resizing the filesystem on /dev/batmanvg/batmanlv to 2006016 (4k) blocks.

The filesystem on /dev/batmanvg/batmanlv is now 2006016 blocks long.

[root@whx ~]# mount -t ext3 /dev/batmanvg/batmanlv /mnt/lvm

[root@whx ~]# df /mnt/lvm

Filesystem           1K-blocks      Used Available Use% Mounted on

/dev/mapper/batmanvg-batmanlv

                       7899000    141924   7436116   2% /mnt/lvm

 

8.删除LVM

 [root@whx ~]# umount /mnt/lvm

[root@whx ~]# lvremove /dev/batmanvg/batmanlv

Do you really want to remove active logical volume "batmanlv"? [y/n]: y

  Logical volume "batmanlv" successfully removed

[root@whx ~]# vgchange -a n batmanvg

  0 logical volume(s) in volume group "batmanvg" now active

[root@whx ~]# vgremove batmanvg

  Volume group "batmanvg" successfully removed

[root@whx ~]# pvremove /dev/hdb1

  Labels on physical volume "/dev/hdb1" successfully wiped

[root@whx ~]# pvremove /dev/hdb2

  Labels on physical volume "/dev/hdb2" successfully wiped

[root@whx ~]# pvremove /dev/hdb3

  Labels on physical volume "/dev/hdb3" successfully wiped