概要:
Redis因为是单线程的,所以本身没有锁的概念。
所以分布式锁的实现原理是往Redis当中写入一个key(调用方法setnx),写入成功相当于获取锁成功。写入失败也即是setnx方法返回0,获取锁失败。
注意锁的失效时间,否则容易造成死锁。
官方原理图:
说明:
由于分布式系统的时间不一定完全一样,所以本例子没有使用时间戳作为超时的判断,使用的是redis的setEx来设置超时时间
防止出现死锁的现象.
死锁产生的可能是其中一台服务器获取锁后异常中断,但并未释放锁,设置一个超时时间,可以解决.
代码如下:
1.Lock类
package com.example.util;
/**
* 全局锁,包括锁的名称
* Created by lp on 2017/5/9.
*/
public class Lock {
private String name;
private String value;
public Lock(String name, String value) {
this.name = name;
this.value = value;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getValue() {
return value;
}
public void setValue(String value) {
this.value = value;
}
}
2.DistributeLockHandler类
package com.example.util;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.StringRedisTemplate;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
/**
* Created by lp on 2017/5/9.
*/
@Component
public class DistributedLockHandler {
private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DistributedLockHandler.class);
private final static long LOCK_EXPIRE = 20 * 1000L; //单个业务持有锁的时间30s,防止死锁
private final static long LOCK_TRY_INTERVAL = 30L; //默认30ms尝试一次
private final static long LOCK_TRY_TIMEOUT = 30 * 1000L; // 默认尝试30s
@Autowired
private StringRedisTemplate template;
/**
* 操作redis获取全局锁
*
* @param lock 锁的名称
* @param timeout 获取的超时时间
* @param tryInterval 多少ms尝试一次
* @param lockExpireTime 获取成功后锁的过期时间
* @return true 获取成功,false获取失败
*/
public boolean getLock(Lock lock,long timeout,long tryInterval,long lockExpireTime){
try{
if(StringUtils.isEmpty(lock.getName()) || StringUtils.isEmpty(lock.getValue())){
return false;
}
long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
while (true){
if(template.opsForValue().setIfAbsent(lock.getName(),lock.getValue())){
template.opsForValue().set(lock.getName(),lock.getValue(),lockExpireTime,TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " : get lock");
return true;
}else {
logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " : ----> locking is exist!!!");
}
if(System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime > timeout){
return false;
}
Thread.sleep(tryInterval);
}
}catch (Exception e){
logger.error(e.getMessage());
return false;
}
}
/**
* 尝试获取全局锁
*
* @param lock 锁的名称
* @return true 获取成功,false获取失败
*/
public boolean tryLock(Lock lock) {
return getLock(lock, LOCK_TRY_TIMEOUT, LOCK_TRY_INTERVAL, LOCK_EXPIRE);
}
/**
* 尝试获取全局锁
*
* @param lock 锁的名称
* @param timeout 获取超时时间 单位ms
* @return true 获取成功,false获取失败
*/
public boolean tryLock(Lock lock, long timeout) {
return getLock(lock, timeout, LOCK_TRY_INTERVAL, LOCK_EXPIRE);
}
/**
* 尝试获取全局锁
*
* @param lock 锁的名称
* @param timeout 获取锁的超时时间
* @param tryInterval 多少毫秒尝试获取一次
* @return true 获取成功,false获取失败
*/
public boolean tryLock(Lock lock, long timeout, long tryInterval) {
return getLock(lock, timeout, tryInterval, LOCK_EXPIRE);
}
/**
* 尝试获取全局锁
*
* @param lock 锁的名称
* @param timeout 获取锁的超时时间
* @param tryInterval 多少毫秒尝试获取一次
* @param lockExpireTime 锁的过期
* @return true 获取成功,false获取失败
*/
public boolean tryLock(Lock lock, long timeout, long tryInterval, long lockExpireTime) {
return getLock(lock, timeout, tryInterval, lockExpireTime);
}
/**
* 释放锁
*/
public void releaseLock(Lock lock) {
if (!StringUtils.isEmpty(lock.getName())) {
logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " : del lock");
template.delete(lock.getName());
}
}
}
3.DistributedService 类
package com.example.service;
import com.example.util.DistributedLockHandler;
import com.example.util.Lock;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
/**
* Created by lp on 2017/5/10.
*/
@Service
public class DistributedService {
private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DistributedLockHandler.class);
@Autowired
private DistributedLockHandler distributedLockHandler;
final Lock lock = new Lock("BIZ:LOCK:TEST", "BIZ:LOCK:TEST");
public synchronized void doDistribute(){
if (distributedLockHandler.tryLock(lock)) {
logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " : do something");
try {
Thread.sleep(10000L);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
distributedLockHandler.releaseLock(lock);
}
}
}