s1sh和s2ssh在集成时，tomcat 一启动就报错……解决！

严重: Exception sending context initialized event to listener instance of class org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name '/emp' defined in file [C:\Users\lv\Desktop\a\apache-tomcat-6.0.14\webapps\Pro\WEB-INF\classes\applicationContext-actions.xml]: Cannot resolve reference to bean 'empImpl' while setting bean property 'empService'; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'empImpl' defined in file [C:\Users\lv\Desktop\a\apache-tomcat-6.0.14\webapps\Pro\WEB-INF\classes\applicationContext-beans.xml]: Initialization of bean failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'txAdvice': Cannot resolve reference to bean 'transactionManager' while setting bean property 'transactionManager'; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No bean named 'transactionManager' is defined  at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.BeanDefinitionValueResolver.resolveReference(BeanDefinitionValueResolver.java:328)  at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.BeanDefinitionValueResolver.resolveValueIfNecessary(BeanDefinitionValueResolver.java:106)  at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.applyPropertyValues(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1308)  at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1067)  at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:511)  at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:450)  at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:290)  at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:222)  at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:287)  at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:189)  at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:562)  at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:871)  at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:423)  at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.createWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:272)  at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.initWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:196)  at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener.contextInitialized(ContextLoaderListener.java:47)  at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.listenerStart(StandardContext.java:3830)  at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.start(StandardContext.java:4337)  at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:791)  at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:771)  at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:525)  at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory(HostConfig.java:920)  at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectories(HostConfig.java:883)  at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployApps(HostConfig.java:492)  at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.start(HostConfig.java:1138)  at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.lifecycleEvent(HostConfig.java:311)  at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleSupport.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleSupport.java:117)  at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.start(ContainerBase.java:1053)  at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.start(StandardHost.java:719)  at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.start(ContainerBase.java:1045)  at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.start(StandardEngine.java:443)  at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.start(StandardService.java:516)  at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.start(StandardServer.java:710)  at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start(Catalina.java:566)  at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)  at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)  at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)  at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)  at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.start(Bootstrap.java:288)  at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:413) Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'empImpl' defined in file [C:\Users\lv\Desktop\a\apache-tomcat-6.0.14\webapps\Pro\WEB-INF\classes\applicationContext-beans.xml]: Initialization of bean failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'txAdvice': Cannot resolve reference to bean 'transactionManager' while setting bean property 'transactionManager'; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No bean named 'transactionManager' is defined  at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:521)  at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:450)  at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:290)  at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:222)  at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:287)  at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:189)  at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.BeanDefinitionValueResolver.resolveReference(BeanDefinitionValueResolver.java:322)  ... 39 more Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'txAdvice': Cannot resolve reference to bean 'transactionManager' while setting bean property 'transactionManager'; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No bean named 'transactionManager' is defined  at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.BeanDefinitionValueResolver.resolveReference(BeanDefinitionValueResolver.java:328)  at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.BeanDefinitionValueResolver.resolveValueIfNecessary(BeanDefinitionValueResolver.java:106)  at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.applyPropertyValues(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1308)  at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1067)  at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:511)  at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:450)  at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:290)  at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:222)  at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:287)  at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:193)  at org.springframework.aop.support.AbstractBeanFactoryPointcutAdvisor.getAdvice(AbstractBeanFactoryPointcutAdvisor.java:80)  at org.springframework.aop.aspectj.AspectJProxyUtils.isAspectJAdvice(AspectJProxyUtils.java:67)  at org.springframework.aop.aspectj.AspectJProxyUtils.makeAdvisorChainAspectJCapableIfNecessary(AspectJProxyUtils.java:49)  at org.springframework.aop.aspectj.autoproxy.AspectJAwareAdvisorAutoProxyCreator.extendAdvisors(AspectJAwareAdvisorAutoProxyCreator.java:101)  at org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.AbstractAdvisorAutoProxyCreator.findEligibleAdvisors(AbstractAdvisorAutoProxyCreator.java:88)  at org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.AbstractAdvisorAutoProxyCreator.getAdvicesAndAdvisorsForBean(AbstractAdvisorAutoProxyCreator.java:68)  at org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.AbstractAutoProxyCreator.wrapIfNecessary(AbstractAutoProxyCreator.java:359)  at org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.AbstractAutoProxyCreator.postProcessAfterInitialization(AbstractAutoProxyCreator.java:322)  at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.applyBeanPostProcessorsAfterInitialization(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:404)  at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1409)  at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:513)  ... 45 more Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No bean named 'transactionManager' is defined  at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.getBeanDefinition(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:509)  at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getMergedLocalBeanDefinition(AbstractBeanFactory.java:1041)  at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:273)  at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:189)  at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.BeanDefinitionValueResolver.resolveReference(BeanDefinitionValueResolver.java:322)  ... 65 more 2012-4-1 10:46:45 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext start 严重: Error listenerStart 2012-4-1 10:46:45 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext start 严重: Context [/Pro] startup failed due to previous errors 2012-4-1 10:46:45 org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext log 信息: Closing Spring root WebApplicationContext log4j:ERROR LogMananger.repositorySelector was null likely due to error in class reloading, using NOPLoggerRepository. 2012-4-1 10:46:46 org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Protocol start 信息: Starting Coyote HTTP/1.1 on http-8080 2012-4-1 10:46:46 org.apache.jk.common.ChannelSocket init 信息: JK: ajp13 listening on /0.0.0.0:8009 2012-4-1 10:46:46 org.apache.jk.server.JkMain start 信息: Jk running ID=0 time=0/23  config=null 2012-4-1 10:46:46 org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina start 信息: Server startup in 6504 ms 错误原因：当添加ssh集成后。web.xml里配置没有错，struts-config.xml配置也没有错，但是就是一启动tomcat就报上面的问题     解决办法： 里面的transactionMananger  里的应该跟下面的保持一致……    我用了一天时间去解决这个问题，真是悲催！ 最终证明了：细节决定成败 ！  做程序员真是坑爹！ 伤不起 ！

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