C函数库大全 4

最新推荐文章于 2024-03-28 12:07:14 发布

luoboqingcai

最新推荐文章于 2024-03-28 12:07:14 发布

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分类专栏：实用的东西文章标签： c initialization buffer string file variables

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函数名: ecvt
功能: 把一个浮点数转换为字符串
用法: char ecvt(double value, int ndigit, int *decpt, int *sign);
程序例:

#include
#include
#include

int main(void)
{
char *string;
double value;
int dec, sign;
int ndig = 10;

clrscr();
value = 9.876;
string = ecvt(value, ndig, &dec, &sign);
printf("string = %s dec = %d /
sign = %d/n", string, dec, sign);

value = -123.45;
ndig= 15;
string = ecvt(value,ndig,&dec,&sign);
printf("string = %s dec = %d sign = %d/n",
string, dec, sign);

value = 0.6789e5; /* scientific
notation */
ndig = 5;
string = ecvt(value,ndig,&dec,&sign);
printf("string = %s dec = %d/
sign = %d/n", string, dec, sign);

return 0;
}

函数名: ellipse
功能: 画一椭圆
用法: void far ellipse(int x, int y, int stangle, int endangle,
int xradius, int yradius);
程序例:

#include
#include
#include
#include

int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int midx, midy;
int stangle = 0, endangle = 360;
int xradius = 100, yradius = 50;

/* initialize graphics, local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "");

/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk)
/* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s/n",
grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1);
/* terminate with an error code */
}

midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2;
setcolor(getmaxcolor());

/* draw ellipse */
ellipse(midx, midy, stangle, endangle,
xradius, yradius);

/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}

函数名: enable
功能: 开放硬件中断
用法: void enable(void);
程序例:

/* ** NOTE:
This is an interrupt service routine. You can NOT compile this program
with Test Stack Overflow turned on and get an executable file which will
operate correctly.
*/

#include
#include
#include

/* The clock tick interrupt */
#define INTR 0X1C

void interrupt ( *oldhandler)(void);

int count=0;

void interrupt handler(void)
{
/*
disable interrupts during the handling of the interrupt
*/
disable();
/* increase the global counter */
count++;
/*
re enable interrupts at the end of the handler
*/
enable();
/* call the old routine */
oldhandler();
}

int main(void)
{
/* save the old interrupt vector */
oldhandler = getvect(INTR);

/* install the new interrupt handler */
setvect(INTR, handler);

/* loop until the counter exceeds 20 */
while (count < 20)
printf("count is %d/n",count);

/* reset the old interrupt handler */
setvect(INTR, oldhandler);

return 0;
}

函数名: eof
功能: 检测文件结束
用法: int eof(int *handle);
程序例:

#include
#include
#include
#include
#include

int main(void)
{
int handle;
char msg[] = "This is a test";
char ch;

/* create a file */
handle = open("DUMMY.FIL",
O_CREAT | O_RDWR,
S_IREAD | S_IWRITE);

/* write some data to the file */
write(handle, msg, strlen(msg));

/* seek to the beginning of the file */
lseek(handle, 0L, SEEK_SET);

/*
reads chars from the file until hit EOF
*/
do
{
read(handle, &ch, 1);
printf("%c", ch);
} while (!eof(handle));

close(handle);
return 0;
}

函数名: exec...
功能: 装入并运行其它程序的函数
用法: int execl(char *pathname, char *arg0, arg1, ..., argn, NULL);
int execle(char *pathname, char *arg0, arg1, ..., argn, NULL,
char *envp[]);
int execlp(char *pathname, char *arg0, arg1, .., NULL);
int execple(char *pathname, char *arg0, arg1, ..., NULL,
char *envp[]);
int execv(char *pathname, char *argv[]);
int execve(char *pathname, char *argv[], char *envp[]);
int execvp(char *pathname, char *argv[]);
int execvpe(char *pathname, char *argv[], char *envp[]);
程序例:

/* execv example */
#include
#include
#include

void main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int i;

printf("Command line arguments:/n");
for (i=0; i
printf("[%2d] : %s/n", i, argv[i]);

printf("About to exec child with arg1 arg2 .../n");
execv("CHILD.EXE", argv);

perror("exec error");

exit(1);
}

函数名: exit
功能: 终止程序
用法: void exit(int status);
程序例:

#include
#include
#include

int main(void)
{
int status;

printf("Enter either 1 or 2/n");
status = getch();
/* Sets DOS errorlevel */
exit(status - '0');

/* Note: this line is never reached */
return 0;
}

函数名: exp
功能: 指数函数
用法: double exp(double x);
程序例:

#include
#include

int main(void)
{
double result;
double x = 4.0;

result = exp(x);
printf("'e' raised to the power /
of %lf (e ^ %lf) = %lf/n",
x, x, result);

return 0;
}

函数名: delay
功能: 将程序的执行暂停一段时间(毫秒)
用法: void delay(unsigned milliseconds);
程序例:
/* Emits a 440-Hz tone for 500 milliseconds */
#include

int main(void)
{
sound(440);
delay(500);
nosound();

return 0;
}

函数名: delline
功能: 在文本窗口中删去一行
用法: void delline(void);
程序例:

#include

int main(void)
{
clrscr();
cprintf("The function DELLINE deletes /
the line containing the/r/n");
cprintf("cursor and moves all lines /
below it one line up./r/n");
cprintf("DELLINE operates within the /
currently active text/r/n");
cprintf("window. Press any key to /
continue . . .");
gotoxy(1,2); /* Move the cursor to the
second line and first column */
getch();

delline();
getch();

return 0;
}

函数名: detectgraph
功能: 通过检测硬件确定图形驱动程序和模式
用法: void far detectgraph(int far *graphdriver, int far *graphmode);
程序例:

#include
#include
#include
#include

/* names of the various cards supported */
char *dname[] = { "requests detection",
"a CGA",
"an MCGA",
"an EGA",
"a 64K EGA",
"a monochrome EGA",
"an IBM 8514",
"a Hercules monochrome",
"an AT&T 6300 PC",
"a VGA",
"an IBM 3270 PC"
};

int main(void)
{
/* returns detected hardware info. */
int gdriver, gmode, errorcode;

/* detect graphics hardware available */
detectgraph(&gdriver, &gmode);

/* read result of detectgraph call */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error
occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s/n", /
grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error
code */
}

/* display the information detected */
clrscr();
printf("You have %s video display /
card./n", dname[gdriver]);
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
return 0;
}

函数名: difftime
功能: 计算两个时刻之间的时间差
用法: double difftime(time_t time2, time_t time1);
程序例:

#include
#include
#include
#include

int main(void)
{
time_t first, second;

clrscr();
first = time(NULL); /* Gets system
time */
delay(2000); /* Waits 2 secs */
second = time(NULL); /* Gets system time
again */

printf("The difference is: %f /
seconds/n",difftime(second,first));
getch();

return 0;
}

函数名: disable
功能: 屏蔽中断
用法: void disable(void);
程序例:

/***NOTE: This is an interrupt service
routine. You cannot compile this program
with Test Stack Overflow turned on and
get an executable file that operates
correctly. */

#include
#include
#include

#define INTR 0X1C /* The clock tick
interrupt */

void interrupt ( *oldhandler)(void);

int count=0;

void interrupt handler(void)
{
/* disable interrupts during the handling of
the interrupt */
disable();
/* increase the global counter */
count++;
/* reenable interrupts at the end of the
handler */
enable();
/* call the old routine */
oldhandler();
}

int main(void)
{
/* save the old interrupt vector */
oldhandler = getvect(INTR);

/* install the new interrupt handler */
setvect(INTR, handler);

/* loop until the counter exceeds 20 */
while (count < 20)
printf("count is %d/n",count);

/* reset the old interrupt handler */
setvect(INTR, oldhandler);

return 0;
}

函数名: div
功能: 将两个整数相除, 返回商和余数
用法: div_t (int number, int denom);
程序例:

#include
#include

div_t x;

int main(void)
{
x = div(10,3);
printf("10 div 3 = %d remainder %d/n", x.quot, x.rem);

return 0;
}

函数名: dosexterr
功能: 获取扩展DOS错误信息
用法: int dosexterr(struct DOSERR *dblkp);
程序例:

#include
#include

int main(void)
{
FILE *fp;
struct DOSERROR info;

fp = fopen("perror.dat","r");
if (!fp) perror("Unable to open file for
reading");
dosexterr(&info);

printf("Extended DOS error /
information:/n");
printf(" Extended error: /
%d/n",info.exterror);
printf(" Class: /
%x/n",info.class);
printf(" Action: /
%x/n",info.action);
printf(" Error Locus: /
%x/n",info.locus);

return 0;
}

函数名: dostounix
功能: 转换日期和时间为UNIX时间格式
用法: long dostounix(struct date *dateptr, struct time *timeptr);
程序例:

#include
#include
#include
#include

int main(void)
{
time_t t;
struct time d_time;
struct date d_date;
struct tm *local;

getdate(&d_date);
gettime(&d_time);

t = dostounix(&d_date, &d_time);
local = localtime(&t);
printf("Time and Date: %s/n", /
asctime(local));

return 0;
}

函数名: drawpoly
功能: 画多边形
用法: void far drawpoly(int numpoints, int far *polypoints);
程序例:

#include
#include
#include
#include

int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int maxx, maxy;

/* our polygon array */
int poly[10];

/* initialize graphics and local
variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "");

/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk)
/* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s/n", /
grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
/* terminate with an error code */
exit(1);
}

maxx = getmaxx();
maxy = getmaxy();

poly[0] = 20; /* 1st vertext */
poly[1] = maxy / 2;

poly[2] = maxx - 20; /* 2nd */
poly[3] = 20;

poly[4] = maxx - 50; /* 3rd */
poly[5] = maxy - 20;

poly[6] = maxx / 2; /* 4th */
poly[7] = maxy / 2;
/*
drawpoly doesn't automatically close
the polygon, so we close it.
*/
poly[8] = poly[0];
poly[9] = poly[1];

/* draw the polygon */
drawpoly(5, poly);

/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}

函数名: dup
功能: 复制一个文件句柄
用法: int dup(int handle);
程序例:

#include
#include
#include
#include

void flush(FILE *stream);

int main(void)
{
FILE *fp;
char msg[] = "This is a test";

/* create a file */
fp = fopen("DUMMY.FIL", "w");

/* write some data to the file */
fwrite(msg, strlen(msg), 1, fp);

clrscr();
printf("Press any key to flush /
DUMMY.FIL:");
getch();

/* flush the data to DUMMY.FIL without
closing it */
flush(fp);

printf("/nFile was flushed, Press any /
key to quit:");
getch();
return 0;
}

void flush(FILE *stream)
{
int duphandle;

/* flush TC's internal buffer */
fflush(stream);

/* make a duplicate file handle */
duphandle = dup(fileno(stream));

/* close the duplicate handle to flush the
DOS buffer */
close(duphandle);
}

函数名: dup2
功能: 复制文件句柄
用法: int dup2(int oldhandle, int newhandle);
程序例:

#include
#include
#include
#include

int main(void)
{
#define STDOUT 1

int nul, oldstdout;
char msg[] = "This is a test";

/* create a file */
nul = open("DUMMY.FIL", O_CREAT | O_RDWR,
S_IREAD | S_IWRITE);

/* create a duplicate handle for standard
output */
oldstdout = dup(STDOUT);
/*
redirect standard output to DUMMY.FIL
by duplicating the file handle onto the
file handle for standard output.
*/
dup2(nul, STDOUT);

/* close the handle for DUMMY.FIL */
close(nul);

/* will be redirected into DUMMY.FIL */
write(STDOUT, msg, strlen(msg));

/* restore original standard output
handle */
dup2(oldstdout, STDOUT);

/* close duplicate handle for STDOUT */
close(oldstdout);

return 0;
}

函数名: cabs
功能: 计算复数的绝对值
用法: double cabs(struct complex z);
程序例:

#include
#include

int main(void)
{
struct complex z;
double val;

z.x = 2.0;
z.y = 1.0;
val = cabs(z);

printf("The absolute value of %.2lfi %.2lfj is %.2lf", z.x, z.y, val);
return 0;
}

函数名: calloc
功能: 分配主存储器
用法: void *calloc(size_t nelem, size_t elsize);
程序例:

#include
#include

int main(void)
{
char *str = NULL;

/* allocate memory for string */
str = calloc(10, sizeof(char));

/* copy "Hello" into string */
strcpy(str, "Hello");

/* display string */
printf("String is %s/n", str);

/* free memory */
free(str);

return 0;
}

函数名: ceil
功能: 向上舍入
用法: double ceil(double x);
程序例:

#include
#include

int main(void)
{
double number = 123.54;
double down, up;

down = floor(number);
up = ceil(number);

printf("original number %5.2lf/n", number);
printf("number rounded down %5.2lf/n", down);
printf("number rounded up %5.2lf/n", up);

return 0;
}

函数名: cgets
功能: 从控制台读字符串
用法: char *cgets(char *str);
程序例:

#include
#include

int main(void)
{
char buffer[83];
char *p;

/* There's space for 80 characters plus the NULL terminator */
buffer[0] = 81;

printf("Input some chars:");
p = cgets(buffer);
printf("/ncgets read %d characters: /"%s/"/n", buffer[1], p);
printf("The returned pointer is %p, buffer[0] is at %p/n", p, &buffer);

/* Leave room for 5 characters plus the NULL terminator */
buffer[0] = 6;

printf("Input some chars:");
p = cgets(buffer);
printf("/ncgets read %d characters: /"%s/"/n", buffer[1], p);
printf("The returned pointer is %p, buffer[0] is at %p/n", p, &buffer);
return 0;
}

函数名: chdir
功能: 改变工作目录
用法: int chdir(const char *path);
程序例:

#include
#include
#include

char old_dir[MAXDIR];
char new_dir[MAXDIR];

int main(void)
{
if (getcurdir(0, old_dir))
{
perror("getcurdir()");
exit(1);
}
printf("Current directory is: //%s/n", old_dir);

if (chdir("//"))
{
perror("chdir()");
exit(1);
}

if (getcurdir(0, new_dir))
{
perror("getcurdir()");
exit(1);
}
printf("Current directory is now: //%s/n", new_dir);

printf("/nChanging back to orignal directory: //%s/n", old_dir);
if (chdir(old_dir))
{
perror("chdir()");
exit(1);
}

return 0;
}

函数名: _chmod, chmod
功能: 改变文件的访问方式
用法: int chmod(const char *filename, int permiss);
程序例:

#include
#include
#include

void make_read_only(char *filename);

int main(void)
{
make_read_only("NOTEXIST.FIL");
make_read_only("MYFILE.FIL");
return 0;
}

void make_read_only(char *filename)
{
int stat;

stat = chmod(filename, S_IREAD);
if (stat)
printf("Couldn't make %s read-only/n", filename);
else
printf("Made %s read-only/n", filename);
}

函数名: chsize
功能: 改变文件大小
用法: int chsize(int handle, long size);
程序例:

#include
#include
#include

int main(void)
{
int handle;
char buf[11] = "0123456789";

/* create text file containing 10 bytes */
handle = open("DUMMY.FIL", O_CREAT);
write(handle, buf, strlen(buf));

/* truncate the file to 5 bytes in size */
chsize(handle, 5);

/* close the file */
close(handle);
return 0;
}

函数名: circle
功能: 在给定半径以(x, y)为圆心画圆
用法: void far circle(int x, int y, int radius);
程序例:

#include
#include
#include
#include

int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int midx, midy;
int radius = 100;

/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "");

/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s/n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
}

midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2;
setcolor(getmaxcolor());

/* draw the circle */
circle(midx, midy, radius);

/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}

函数名: cleardevice
功能: 清除图形屏幕
用法: void far cleardevice(void);
程序例:

#include
#include
#include
#include

int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int midx, midy;

/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "");

/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s/n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
}

midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2;
setcolor(getmaxcolor());

/* for centering screen messages */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);

/* output a message to the screen */
outtextxy(midx, midy, "press any key to clear the screen:");

/* wait for a key */
getch();

/* clear the screen */
cleardevice();

/* output another message */
outtextxy(midx, midy, "press any key to quit:");

/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}

函数名: clearerr
功能: 复位错误标志
用法:void clearerr(FILE *stream);
程序例:

#include

int main(void)
{
FILE *fp;
char ch;

/* open a file for writing */
fp = fopen("DUMMY.FIL", "w");

/* force an error condition by attempting to read */
ch = fgetc(fp);
printf("%c/n",ch);

if (ferror(fp))
{
/* display an error message */
printf("Error reading from DUMMY.FIL/n");

/* reset the error and EOF indicators */
clearerr(fp);
}

fclose(fp);
return 0;
}

函数名: clearviewport
功能: 清除图形视区
用法: void far clearviewport(void);
程序例:

#include
#include
#include
#include

#define CLIP_ON 1 /* activates clipping in viewport */

int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int ht;

/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "");

/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s/n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
}

setcolor(getmaxcolor());
ht = textheight("W");

/* message in default full-screen viewport */
outtextxy(0, 0, "* <-- (0, 0) in default viewport");

/* create a smaller viewport */
setviewport(50, 50, getmaxx()-50, getmaxy()-50, CLIP_ON);

/* display some messages */
outtextxy(0, 0, "* <-- (0, 0) in smaller viewport");
outtextxy(0, 2*ht, "Press any key to clear viewport:");

/* wait for a key */
getch();

/* clear the viewport */
clearviewport();

/* output another message */
outtextxy(0, 0, "Press any key to quit:");

/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}

函数名: _close, close
功能: 关闭文件句柄
用法: int close(int handle);
程序例:

#include
#include
#include
#include

main()
{
int handle;
char buf[11] = "0123456789";

/* create a file containing 10 bytes */
handle = open("NEW.FIL", O_CREAT);
if (handle > -1)
{
write(handle, buf, strlen(buf));

/* close the file */
close(handle);
}
else
{
printf("Error opening file/n");
}
return 0;
}

函数名: clock
功能: 确定处理器时间
用法: clock_t clock(void);
程序例:

#include
#include
#include

int main(void)
{
clock_t start, end;
start = clock();

delay(2000);

end = clock();
printf("The time was: %f/n", (end - start) / CLK_TCK);

return 0;
}

函数名: closegraph
功能: 关闭图形系统
用法: void far closegraph(void);
程序例:

#include
#include
#include
#include

int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int x, y;

/* initialize graphics mode */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "");

/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();

if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error
occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s/n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
}

x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2;

/* output a message */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
outtextxy(x, y, "Press a key to close the graphics system:");

/* wait for a key */
getch();

/* closes down the graphics system */
closegraph();

printf("We're now back in text mode./n");
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
return 0;
}

函数名: clreol
功能: 在文本窗口中清除字符到行末
用法: void clreol(void);
程序例:

#include

int main(void)

{
clrscr();
cprintf("The function CLREOL clears all characters from the/r/n");
cprintf("cursor position to the end of the line within the/r/n");
cprintf("current text window, without moving the cursor./r/n");
cprintf("Press any key to continue . . .");
gotoxy(14, 4);
getch();

clreol();
getch();

return 0;
}

函数名: clrscr
功能: 清除文本模式窗口
用法: void clrscr(void);
程序例:

#include

int main(void)
{
int i;

clrscr();
for (i = 0; i < 20; i++)
cprintf("%d/r/n", i);
cprintf("/r/nPress any key to clear screen");
getch();

clrscr();
cprintf("The screen has been cleared!");
getch();

return 0;
}

函数名: coreleft
功能: 返回未使用内存的大小
用法: unsigned coreleft(void);
程序例:

#include
#include

int main(void)
{
printf("The difference between the highest allocated block and/n");
printf("the top of the heap is: %lu bytes/n", (unsigned long) coreleft());

return 0;
}

函数名: cos
功能: 余弦函数
用法: double cos(double x);
程序例:

#include
#include

int main(void)
{
double result;
double x = 0.5;

result = cos(x);
printf("The cosine of %lf is %lf/n", x, result);
return 0;
}

函数名: cosh
功能: 双曲余弦函数
用法: dluble cosh(double x);
程序例:

#include
#include

int main(void)
{
double result;
double x = 0.5;

result = cosh(x);
printf("The hyperboic cosine of %lf is %lf/n", x, result);
return 0;
}

函数名: country
功能: 返回与国家有关的信息
用法: struct COUNTRY *country(int countrycode, struct country *country);
程序例:

#include
#include

#define USA 0

int main(void)
{
struct COUNTRY country_info;

country(USA, &country_info);
printf("The currency symbol for the USA is: %s/n",
country_info.co_curr);
return 0;
}

函数名: cprintf
功能: 送格式化输出至屏幕
用法: int cprintf(const char *format[, argument, ...]);
程序例:

#include

int main(void)
{
/* clear the screen */
clrscr();

/* create a text window */
window(10, 10, 80, 25);

/* output some text in the window */
cprintf("Hello world/r/n");

/* wait for a key */
getch();
return 0;
}

函数名: cputs
功能: 写字符到屏幕
用法: void cputs(const char *string);
程序例:

#include

int main(void)
{
/* clear the screen */
clrscr();

/* create a text window */
window(10, 10, 80, 25);

/* output some text in the window */
cputs("This is within the window/r/n");

/* wait for a key */
getch();
return 0;
}

函数名: _creat creat
功能: 创建一个新文件或重写一个已存在的文件
用法: int creat (const char *filename, int permiss);
程序例:

#include
#include
#include
#include

int main(void)
{
int handle;
char buf[11] = "0123456789";

/* change the default file mode from text to binary */
_fmode = O_BINARY;

/* create a binary file for reading and writing */
handle = creat("DUMMY.FIL", S_IREAD | S_IWRITE);

/* write 10 bytes to the file */
write(handle, buf, strlen(buf));

/* close the file */
close(handle);
return 0;
}

函数名: creatnew
功能: 创建一个新文件
用法: int creatnew(const char *filename, int attrib);
程序例:

#include
#include
#include
#include
#include

int main(void)
{
int handle;
char buf[11] = "0123456789";

/* attempt to create a file that doesn't already exist */
handle = creatnew("DUMMY.FIL", 0);

if (handle == -1)
printf("DUMMY.FIL already exists./n");
else
{
printf("DUMMY.FIL successfully created./n");
write(handle, buf, strlen(buf));
close(handle);
}
return 0;
}

函数名: creattemp
功能: 创建一个新文件或重写一个已存在的文件
用法: int creattemp(const char *filename, int attrib);
程序例:

#include
#include
#include

int main(void)
{
int handle;
char pathname[128];

strcpy(pathname, "//");

/* create a unique file in the root directory */
handle = creattemp(pathname, 0);

printf("%s was the unique file created./n", pathname);
close(handle);
return 0;
}

函数名: cscanf
功能: 从控制台执行格式化输入
用法: int cscanf(char *format[,argument, ...]);
程序例:

#include

int main(void)
{
char string[80];

/* clear the screen */
clrscr();

/* Prompt the user for input */
cprintf("Enter a string with no spaces:");

/* read the input */
cscanf("%s", string);

/* display what was read */
cprintf("/r/nThe string entered is: %s", string);
return 0;
}

函数名: ctime
功能: 把日期和时间转换为字符串
用法: char *ctime(const time_t *time);
程序例:

#include
#include

int main(void)
{
time_t t;

time(&t);
printf("Today's date and time: %s/n", ctime(&t));
return 0;
}

函数名: ctrlbrk
功能: 设置Ctrl-Break处理程序
用法: void ctrlbrk(*fptr)(void);
程序例:

#include
#include

#define ABORT 0

int c_break(void)
{
printf("Control-Break pressed. Program aborting .../n");
return (ABORT);
}

int main(void)
{
ctrlbrk(c_break);
for(;;)
{
printf("Looping... Press to quit:/n");
}
return 0;
}

函数名: bar
功能: 画一个二维条形图
用法: void far bar(int left, int top, int right, int bottom);
程序例:

#include
#include
#include
#include

int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int midx, midy, i;

/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "");

/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s/n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
}

midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2;

/* loop through the fill patterns */
for (i=SOLID_FILL; i
{
/* set the fill style */
setfillstyle(i, getmaxcolor());

/* draw the bar */
bar(midx-50, midy-50, midx+50,
midy+50);

getch();
}

/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
}

函数名: bar3d
功能: 画一个三维条形图
用法: void far bar3d(int left, int top, int right, int bottom,
int depth, int topflag);
程序例:

#include
#include
#include
#include

int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int midx, midy, i;

/* initialize graphics, local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "");

/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s/n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with error code */
}

midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2;

/* loop through the fill patterns */
for (i=EMPTY_FILL; i
{
/* set the fill style */
setfillstyle(i, getmaxcolor());

/* draw the 3-d bar */
bar3d(midx-50, midy-50, midx+50, midy+50, 10, 1);

getch();
}

/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
}

函数名: bdos
功能: DOS系统调用
用法: int bdos(int dosfun, unsigned dosdx, unsigned dosal);
程序例:

#include
#include

/* Get current drive as 'A', 'B', ... */
char current_drive(void)
{
char curdrive;

/* Get current disk as 0, 1, ... */
curdrive = bdos(0x19, 0, 0);
return('A' + curdrive);
}

int main(void)
{
printf("The current drive is %c:/n", current_drive());
return 0;
}

函数名: bdosptr
功能: DOS系统调用
用法: int bdosptr(int dosfun, void *argument, unsigned dosal);
程序例:

#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include

#define BUFLEN 80

int main(void)
{
char buffer[BUFLEN];
int test;

printf("Enter full pathname of a directory/n");
gets(buffer);

test = bdosptr(0x3B,buffer,0);
if(test)
{
printf("DOS error message: %d/n", errno);
/* See errno.h for error listings */
exit (1);
}

getcwd(buffer, BUFLEN);
printf("The current directory is: %s/n", buffer);

return 0;
}

函数名: bioscom
功能: 串行I/O通信
用法: int bioscom(int cmd, char abyte, int port);
程序例:

#include
#include

#define COM1 0
#define DATA_READY 0x100
#define TRUE 1
#define FALSE 0

#define SETTINGS ( 0x80 | 0x02 | 0x00 | 0x00)

int main(void)
{
int in, out, status, DONE = FALSE;

bioscom(0, SETTINGS, COM1);
cprintf("... BIOSCOM [ESC] to exit .../n");
while (!DONE)
{
status = bioscom(3, 0, COM1);
if (status & DATA_READY)
if ((out = bioscom(2, 0, COM1) & 0x7F) != 0)
putch(out);
if (kbhit())
{
if ((in = getch()) == '/x1B')
DONE = TRUE;
bioscom(1, in, COM1);
}
}
return 0;
}

函数名: biosdisk
功能: 软硬盘I/O
用法: int biosdisk(int cmd, int drive, int head, int track, int sector
int nsects, void *buffer);
程序例:

#include
#include

int main(void)
{
int result;
char buffer[512];

printf("Testing to see if drive a: is ready/n");
result = biosdisk(4,0,0,0,0,1,buffer);
result &= 0x02;
(result) ? (printf("Drive A: Ready/n")) :
(printf("Drive A: Not Ready/n"));

return 0;
}

函数名: biosequip
功能: 检查设备
用法: int biosequip(void);
程序例:

#include
#include

int main(void)
{
int result;
char buffer[512];

printf("Testing to see if drive a: is ready/n");
result = biosdisk(4,0,0,0,0,1,buffer);
result &= 0x02;
(result) ? (printf("Drive A: Ready/n")) :
(printf("Drive A: Not Ready/n"));

return 0;
}

函数名: bioskey
功能: 直接使用BIOS服务的键盘接口
用法: int bioskey(int cmd);
程序例:

#include
#include
#include

#define RIGHT 0x01
#define LEFT 0x02
#define CTRL 0x04
#define ALT 0x08

int main(void)
{
int key, modifiers;

/* function 1 returns 0 until a key is pressed */
while (bioskey(1) == 0);

/* function 0 returns the key that is waiting */
key = bioskey(0);

/* use function 2 to determine if shift keys were used */
modifiers = bioskey(2);
if (modifiers)
{
printf("[");
if (modifiers & RIGHT) printf("RIGHT");
if (modifiers & LEFT) printf("LEFT");
if (modifiers & CTRL) printf("CTRL");
if (modifiers & ALT) printf("ALT");
printf("]");
}
/* print out the character read */
if (isalnum(key & 0xFF))
printf("'%c'/n", key);
else
printf("%#02x/n", key);
return 0;
}

函数名: biosmemory
功能: 返回存储块大小
用法:int biosmemory(void);
程序例:

#include
#include

int main(void)
{
int memory_size;

memory_size = biosmemory(); /* returns value up to 640K */
printf("RAM size = %dK/n",memory_size);
return 0;
}

函数名: biosprint
功能: 直接使用BIOS服务的打印机I/O
用法: int biosprint(int cmd, int byte, int port);
程序例:

#include
#include
#include

int main(void)
{
#define STATUS 2 /* printer status command */
#define PORTNUM 0 /* port number for LPT1 */

int status, abyte=0;

printf("Please turn off your printer. Press any key to continue/n");
getch();
status = biosprint(STATUS, abyte, PORTNUM);
if (status & 0x01)
printf("Device time out./n");
if (status & 0x08)
printf("I/O error./n");

if (status & 0x10)
printf("Selected./n");
if (status & 0x20)
printf("Out of paper./n");

if (status & 0x40)
printf("Acknowledge./n");
if (status & 0x80)
printf("Not busy./n");

return 0;
}

函数名: biostime
功能: 读取或设置BIOS时间
用法: long biostime(int cmd, long newtime);
程序例:

#include
#include
#include
#include

int main(void)
{
long bios_time;

clrscr();
cprintf("The number of clock ticks since midnight is:/r/n");
cprintf("The number of seconds since midnight is:/r/n");
cprintf("The number of minutes since midnight is:/r/n");
cprintf("The number of hours since midnight is:/r/n");
cprintf("/r/nPress any key to quit:");
while(!kbhit())
{
bios_time = biostime(0, 0L);

gotoxy(50, 1);
cprintf("%lu", bios_time);

gotoxy(50, 2);
cprintf("%.4f", bios_time / CLK_TCK);

gotoxy(50, 3);
cprintf("%.4f", bios_time / CLK_TCK / 60);

gotoxy(50, 4);
cprintf("%.4f", bios_time / CLK_TCK / 3600);
}
return 0;
}

函数名: brk
功能: 改变数据段空间分配
用法: int brk(void *endds);
程序例:

#include
#include

int main(void)
{
char *ptr;

printf("Changing allocation with brk()/n");
ptr = malloc(1);
printf("Before brk() call: %lu bytes free/n", coreleft());
brk(ptr+1000);
printf(" After brk() call: %lu bytes free/n", coreleft());
return 0;
}

函数名: bsearch
功能: 二分法搜索
用法: void *bsearch(const void *key, const void *base, size_t *nelem,
size_t width, int(*fcmp)(const void *, const *));
程序例:

#include
#include

#define NELEMS(arr) (sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]))

int numarray[] = {123, 145, 512, 627, 800, 933};

int numeric (const int *p1, const int *p2)
{
return(*p1 - *p2);
}

int lookup(int key)
{
int *itemptr;

/* The cast of (int(*)(const void *,const void*))
is needed to avoid a type mismatch error at
compile time */
itemptr = bsearch (&key, numarray, NELEMS(numarray),
sizeof(int), (int(*)(const void *,const void *))numeric);
return (itemptr != NULL);
}

int main(void)
{
if (lookup(512))
printf("512 is in the table./n");
else
printf("512 isn't in the table./n");

return 0;
}

函数名: abort
功能: 异常终止一个进程
用法: void abort(void);
程序例:
#include
#include

int main(void)
{
printf("Calling abort()/n");
abort();
return 0; /* This is never reached */
}

函数名: abs
功能: 求整数的绝对值
用法: int abs(int i);
程序例:
#include
#include

int main(void)
{
int number = -1234;

printf("number: %d absolute value: %d/n", number, abs(number));
return 0;
}

函数名: absread, abswirte
功能: 绝对磁盘扇区读、写数据
用法: int absread(int drive, int nsects, int sectno, void *buffer);
int abswrite(int drive, int nsects, in tsectno, void *buffer);
程序例:
/* absread example */

#include
#include
#include
#include

int main(void)
{
int i, strt, ch_out, sector;
char buf[512];

printf("Insert a diskette into drive A and press any key/n");
getch();
sector = 0;
if (absread(0, 1, sector, &buf) != 0)
{
perror("Disk problem");
exit(1);
}
printf("Read OK/n");
strt = 3;
for (i=0; i<80; i++)
{
ch_out = buf[strt+i];
putchar(ch_out);
}
printf("/n");
return(0);
}

函数名: access
功能: 确定文件的访问权限
用法: int access(const char *filename, int amode);
程序例:
#include
#include

int file_exists(char *filename);

int main(void)
{
printf("Does NOTEXIST.FIL exist: %s/n",
file_exists("NOTEXISTS.FIL") ? "YES" : "NO");
return 0;
}

int file_exists(char *filename)
{
return (access(filename, 0) == 0);
}

函数名: acos
功能: 反余弦函数
用法: double acos(double x);
程序例:
#include
#include

int main(void)
{
double result;
double x = 0.5;

result = acos(x);
printf("The arc cosine of %lf is %lf/n", x, result);
return 0;
}

函数名: allocmem
功能: 分配DOS存储段
用法: int allocmem(unsigned size, unsigned *seg);
程序例:
#include
#include
#include

int main(void)
{
unsigned int size, segp;
int stat;

size = 64; /* (64 x 16) = 1024 bytes */
stat = allocmem(size, &segp);
if (stat == -1)
printf("Allocated memory at segment: %x/n", segp);
else
printf("Failed: maximum number of paragraphs available is %u/n",
stat);

return 0;
}

函数名: arc
功能: 画一弧线
用法: void far arc(int x, int y, int stangle, int endangle, int radius);
程序例:
#include
#include
#include
#include

int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int midx, midy;
int stangle = 45, endangle = 135;
int radius = 100;

/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "");

/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult(); /* an error occurred */
if (errorcode != grOk)
{
printf("Graphics error: %s/n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();

exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
}

midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2;
setcolor(getmaxcolor());

/* draw arc */
arc(midx, midy, stangle, endangle, radius);

/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}

函数名: asctime
功能: 转换日期和时间为ASCII码
用法: char *asctime(const struct tm *tblock);
程序例:
#include
#include
#include

int main(void)
{
struct tm t;
char str[80];

/* sample loading of tm structure */

t.tm_sec = 1; /* Seconds */
t.tm_min = 30; /* Minutes */
t.tm_hour = 9; /* Hour */
t.tm_mday = 22; /* Day of the Month */
t.tm_mon = 11; /* Month */
t.tm_year = 56; /* Year - does not include century */
t.tm_wday = 4; /* Day of the week */
t.tm_yday = 0; /* Does not show in asctime */
t.tm_isdst = 0; /* Is Daylight SavTime; does not show in asctime */

/* converts structure to null terminated
string */

strcpy(str, asctime(&t));
printf("%s/n", str);

return 0;
}

函数名: asin
功能: 反正弦函数
用法: double asin(double x);
程序例:
#include
#include

int main(void)
{
double result;
double x = 0.5;

result = asin(x);
printf("The arc sin of %lf is %lf/n", x, result);
return(0);
}

函数名: assert
功能: 测试一个条件并可能使程序终止
用法: void assert(int test);
程序例:
#include
#include
#include

struct ITEM {
int key;
int value;
};

/* add item to list, make sure list is not null */
void additem(struct ITEM *itemptr) {
assert(itemptr != NULL);
/* add item to list */
}

int main(void)
{
additem(NULL);
return 0;
}

函数名: atan
功能: 反正切函数
用法: double atan(double x);
程序例:
#include
#include

int main(void)
{
double result;
double x = 0.5;