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xWorks操作系统是美国WindRiver公司于1983年设计开发的一种嵌入式实时操作系统（RTOS），是TornadoII嵌入式开发环境的关键组成部分。良好的持续发展能力、高性能的内核以及友好的用户开发环境，在嵌入式实时操作系统领域逐渐占据一席之地。首先，它十分灵活，具有多达1800个功能强大的应用程序接口（API）；其次，它适用方面广，可以适用于从最简单到最复杂的产品设计；再次，它可靠性高，可以用于从防抱死刹车系统到星际探索的关键任务；最后，适用性强，可以用于所有的流行的CPU平台。

一个TCL脚本可以包含一个或多个命令。命令之间必须用换行符或分号隔开，下面的两个脚本都是合法的： set a 1 set b 2 或 set a 1；set b 2 TCL的每一个命令包含一个或几个单词，第一个单词代表命令名，另外的单词则是这个命令的参数，单词之间必须用空格或TAB键隔开。 TCL解释器对一个命令的求值过程分为两部分：分析和执行。在分析阶段，TCL 解释器运用规则把命令分成一个个独立的单词，同时进行必要的置换(substitution)； 在执行阶段，TCL 解释器会把第一个单词当作命令名，并查看这个命令是否有定义，如果有定义就激活这个命令对应的C/C++过程，并把所有的单词作为参数传递给该命令过程，让命令过程进行处理。

Verification through inspection There are similarities with the development of OOP and that of functional verification, and while hardware verification is a younger field than software programming, it has (not surprisingly) followed a similar path. As readers of this handbook surely know, functional verification has come a long way from its recent humble beginning as a (mostly manual) process of verifying simulation waveforms. From there, it evolved into “golden” files; a current simulation run was compared to a known-to-begood result file—the golden file. For this technique to work it required fixed stimuli, often provided in simple text format. Golden files were an acceptable technique for small designs, where the complete design could be tested exhaustively through a few simulation runs.

台湾大学数字电子线路讲义 Information Types Numeric Must represent range of data needed Represent data such that simple, straightforward computation for common arithmetic operations Tight relation to binary numbers Non-numeric Greater flexibility since arithmetic operations not applied. Not tied to binary numbers