Android主题和样式之系统篇（上）

每家公司或者每个移动团队无不想开发出一套自己的UI框架，融入自己的设计和特性，这必然会去修改android的ui。
所以，学习和理解android的UI设计是最基础和非常有必要的。
android ui设计最重要的就是主题和样式。

1、位置
在Android的frameworks/base/core/res/res/values目录下有一下几个文件：

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themes.xml themes_device_defaults.xml styles.xml styles_device_defaults.xml

分别定义了各种系统Theme，Style。

2、主题Theme
主要关注themes.xml,themes_device_defaults.xml两个文件。
themes.xml定义了android低版本的theme和Holo theme，themes_device_defaults.xml定义了DeviceDefault主题（继承自Holo主题），实际上就是在Holo主题上定制主题（For厂商）。
系统如何去选择默认的主题呢？

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/**frameworks/base/core/java/android/content/res/Resources.java*/ /** @hide */ public  static  int  selectDefaultTheme( int  curTheme,  int  targetSdkVersion) {      return  selectSystemTheme(curTheme, targetSdkVersion,              com.android.internal.R.style.Theme,              com.android.internal.R.style.Theme_Holo,              com.android.internal.R.style.Theme_DeviceDefault); }      /** @hide */ public  static  int  selectSystemTheme( int  curTheme,  int  targetSdkVersion,          int  orig,  int  holo,  int  deviceDefault) {      if  (curTheme !=  0 ) {          return  curTheme;      }         if  (targetSdkVersion < Build.VERSION_CODES.HONEYCOMB) {          // < 11          return  orig;      }         if  (targetSdkVersion < Build.VERSION_CODES.ICE_CREAM_SANDWICH) {           // < 14           return  holo;      }         return  deviceDefault; }

当<11时，使用以前低版本主题;当>=11&&<14，使用Holo主题;>14的时候，使用DeviceDefault主题。
方便理解，下面把目前所有的版本号列出来，也顺便温习一下android的历史：

+ View Code

3、系统主题Theme列表
系统默认大的主题是三种：Theme,Theme.Holo,Theme.DeviceDefault, 但是实际上在此基础系统还定义了大量的派生主题，最典型的是对应的Light主题。
除此之外，还有很多，在此一一列出，打字太痛苦了，我贴出截图：

了解android系统定义的主题之后，我们就可以根据实际情况在自己的应用中使用这些主题，但是如果想修改主题的某些内容，需要进一步深入。

4、详解每个主题中定义item分类
一个完整的主题应该定义哪些内容呢，以Theme为例，如下：
1）颜色

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<item name= "colorForeground" > @android :color/bright_foreground_dark</item> <item name= "colorForegroundInverse" > @android :color/bright_foreground_dark_inverse</item> <item name= "colorBackground" > @android :color/background_dark</item> <item name= "colorBackgroundCacheHint" >?android:attr/colorBackground</item>   <item name= "colorPressedHighlight" > @color /legacy_pressed_highlight</item> <item name= "colorLongPressedHighlight" > @color /legacy_long_pressed_highlight</item> <item name= "colorFocusedHighlight" > @color /legacy_selected_highlight</item> <item name= "colorMultiSelectHighlight" > @color /legacy_selected_highlight</item> <item name= "colorActivatedHighlight" > @color /legacy_selected_highlight</item>

2）字体

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<!-- Text styles --> <item name= "textAppearance" > @android :style/TextAppearance</item> <item name= "textAppearanceInverse" > @android :style/TextAppearance.Inverse</item>   <item name= "textColorPrimary" > @android :color/primary_text_dark</item> <item name= "textColorSecondary" > @android :color/secondary_text_dark</item> <item name= "textColorTertiary" > @android :color/tertiary_text_dark</item> <item name= "textColorPrimaryInverse" > @android :color/primary_text_light</item> <item name= "textColorSecondaryInverse" > @android :color/secondary_text_light</item> <item name= "textColorTertiaryInverse" > @android :color/tertiary_text_light</item> <item name= "textColorPrimaryDisableOnly" > @android :color/primary_text_dark_disable_only</item> <item name= "textColorPrimaryInverseDisableOnly" > @android :color/primary_text_light_disable_only</item> <item name= "textColorPrimaryNoDisable" > @android :color/primary_text_dark_nodisable</item> <item name= "textColorSecondaryNoDisable" > @android :color/secondary_text_dark_nodisable</item> <item name= "textColorPrimaryInverseNoDisable" > @android :color/primary_text_light_nodisable</item> <item name= "textColorSecondaryInverseNoDisable" > @android :color/secondary_text_light_nodisable</item> <item name= "textColorHint" > @android :color/hint_foreground_dark</item> <item name= "textColorHintInverse" > @android :color/hint_foreground_light</item> <item name= "textColorSearchUrl" > @android :color/search_url_text</item> <item name= "textColorHighlight" > @android :color/highlighted_text_dark</item> <item name= "textColorHighlightInverse" > @android :color/highlighted_text_light</item> <item name= "textColorLink" > @android :color/link_text_dark</item> <item name= "textColorLinkInverse" > @android :color/link_text_light</item> <item name= "textColorAlertDialogListItem" > @android :color/primary_text_light_disable_only</item>   <item name= "textAppearanceLarge" > @android :style/TextAppearance.Large</item> <item name= "textAppearanceMedium" > @android :style/TextAppearance.Medium</item> <item name= "textAppearanceSmall" > @android :style/TextAppearance.Small</item> <item name= "textAppearanceLargeInverse" > @android :style/TextAppearance.Large.Inverse</item> <item name= "textAppearanceMediumInverse" > @android :style/TextAppearance.Medium.Inverse</item> <item name= "textAppearanceSmallInverse" > @android :style/TextAppearance.Small.Inverse</item> <item name= "textAppearanceSearchResultTitle" > @android :style/TextAppearance.SearchResult.Title</item> <item name= "textAppearanceSearchResultSubtitle" > @android :style/TextAppearance.SearchResult.Subtitle</item>   <item name= "textAppearanceEasyCorrectSuggestion" > @android :style/TextAppearance.EasyCorrectSuggestion</item> <item name= "textAppearanceMisspelledSuggestion" > @android :style/TextAppearance.MisspelledSuggestion</item> <item name= "textAppearanceAutoCorrectionSuggestion" > @android :style/TextAppearance.AutoCorrectionSuggestion</item>   <item name= "textAppearanceButton" > @android :style/TextAppearance.Widget.Button</item>   <item name= "editTextColor" > @android :color/primary_text_light</item> <item name= "editTextBackground" > @android :drawable/edit_text</item>   <item name= "candidatesTextStyleSpans" > @android :string/candidates_style</item>   <item name= "textCheckMark" > @android :drawable/indicator_check_mark_dark</item> <item name= "textCheckMarkInverse" > @android :drawable/indicator_check_mark_light</item>   <item name= "textAppearanceLargePopupMenu" > @android :style/TextAppearance.Widget.PopupMenu.Large</item> <item name= "textAppearanceSmallPopupMenu" > @android :style/TextAppearance.Widget.PopupMenu.Small</item>

3）按钮

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<!-- Button styles --> <item name= "buttonStyle" > @android :style/Widget.Button</item>   <item name= "buttonStyleSmall" > @android :style/Widget.Button.Small</item> <item name= "buttonStyleInset" > @android :style/Widget.Button.Inset</item>   <item name= "buttonStyleToggle" > @android :style/Widget.Button.Toggle</item>   <item name= "selectableItemBackground" > @android :drawable/item_background</item> <item name= "borderlessButtonStyle" >?android:attr/buttonStyle</item> <item name= "homeAsUpIndicator" > @android :drawable/ic_ab_back_holo_dark</item>

4）List

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<!-- List attributes --> <item name= "listPreferredItemHeight" >64dip</item> <item name= "listPreferredItemHeightSmall" >?android:attr/listPreferredItemHeight</item> <item name= "listPreferredItemHeightLarge" >?android:attr/listPreferredItemHeight</item> <item name= "dropdownListPreferredItemHeight" >?android:attr/listPreferredItemHeight</item> <item name= "textAppearanceListItem" >?android:attr/textAppearanceLarge</item> <item name= "textAppearanceListItemSmall" >?android:attr/textAppearanceLarge</item> <item name= "listPreferredItemPaddingLeft" >6dip</item> <item name= "listPreferredItemPaddingRight" >6dip</item> <item name= "listPreferredItemPaddingStart" >6dip</item> <item name= "listPreferredItemPaddingEnd" >6dip</item>

5）Window

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<!-- Window attributes --> <item name= "windowBackground" > @android :drawable/screen_background_selector_dark</item> <item name= "windowFrame" > @null </item> <item name= "windowNoTitle" > false </item> <item name= "windowFullscreen" > false </item> <item name= "windowOverscan" > false </item> <item name= "windowIsFloating" > false </item> <item name= "windowContentOverlay" > @null </item> <item name= "windowShowWallpaper" > false </item> <item name= "windowTitleStyle" > @android :style/WindowTitle</item> <item name= "windowTitleSize" >25dip</item> <item name= "windowTitleBackgroundStyle" > @android :style/WindowTitleBackground</item> <item name= "android:windowAnimationStyle" > @android :style/Animation.Activity</item> <item name= "android:windowSoftInputMode" >stateUnspecified|adjustUnspecified</item> <item name= "windowActionBar" > false </item> <item name= "windowActionModeOverlay" > false </item> <item name= "windowCloseOnTouchOutside" > false </item> <item name= "windowTranslucentStatus" > false </item> <item name= "windowTranslucentNavigation" > false </item>

6）Dialog

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<!-- Dialog attributes --> <item name= "dialogTheme" > @android :style/Theme.Dialog</item> <item name= "dialogTitleIconsDecorLayout" > @layout /dialog_title_icons</item> <item name= "dialogCustomTitleDecorLayout" > @layout /dialog_custom_title</item> <item name= "dialogTitleDecorLayout" > @layout /dialog_title</item>

7）AlertDialog

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<!-- AlertDialog attributes --> <item name= "alertDialogTheme" > @android :style/Theme.Dialog.Alert</item> <item name= "alertDialogStyle" > @android :style/AlertDialog</item> <item name= "alertDialogCenterButtons" > true </item> <item name= "alertDialogIcon" > @android :drawable/ic_dialog_alert</item>

8）Panel

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<!-- Panel attributes --> <item name= "panelBackground" > @android :drawable/menu_background</item> <item name= "panelFullBackground" > @android :drawable/menu_background_fill_parent_width</item> <!-- These three attributes  do  not seems to be used by the framework. Declared  public  though --> <item name= "panelColorBackground" ># 000 </item> <item name= "panelColorForeground" >?android:attr/textColorPrimary</item> <item name= "panelTextAppearance" >?android:attr/textAppearance</item>   <item name= "panelMenuIsCompact" > false </item> <item name= "panelMenuListWidth" >296dip</item>

9）滚动条（Scrollbar）

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<!-- Scrollbar attributes --> <item name= "scrollbarFadeDuration" > 250 </item> <item name= "scrollbarDefaultDelayBeforeFade" > 300 </item> <item name= "scrollbarSize" >10dip</item> <item name= "scrollbarThumbHorizontal" > @android :drawable/scrollbar_handle_horizontal</item> <item name= "scrollbarThumbVertical" > @android :drawable/scrollbar_handle_vertical</item> <item name= "scrollbarTrackHorizontal" > @null </item> <item name= "scrollbarTrackVertical" > @null </item>

10）文字选中（Text selection）

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<!-- Text selection handle attributes --> <item name= "textSelectHandleLeft" > @android :drawable/text_select_handle_left</item> <item name= "textSelectHandleRight" > @android :drawable/text_select_handle_right</item> <item name= "textSelectHandle" > @android :drawable/text_select_handle_middle</item> <item name= "textSelectHandleWindowStyle" > @android :style/Widget.TextSelectHandle</item> <item name= "textEditPasteWindowLayout" > @android :layout/text_edit_paste_window</item> <item name= "textEditNoPasteWindowLayout" > @android :layout/text_edit_no_paste_window</item> <item name= "textEditSidePasteWindowLayout" > @android :layout/text_edit_side_paste_window</item> <item name= "textEditSideNoPasteWindowLayout" > @android :layout/text_edit_side_no_paste_window</item> <item name= "textSuggestionsWindowStyle" > @android :style/Widget.TextSuggestionsPopupWindow</item> <item name= "textEditSuggestionItemLayout" > @android :layout/text_edit_suggestion_item</item> <item name= "textCursorDrawable" > @null </item>

有点长，下篇继续列举，并深入分析具体style.