运行时修改TimerTask的执行周期
java.util.TimerTask类的执行周期period变量的声明如下:
- /**
- * Period in milliseconds for repeating tasks. A positive value indicates
- * fixed-rate execution. A negative value indicates fixed-delay execution.
- * A value of 0 indicates a non-repeating task.
- */
- long period = 0;
TimerTask并未提供修改period的公共方法,但我们可以借助java反射修改其值。
- public abstract class ReschedulableTimerTask extends TimerTask {
- public void setPeriod(long period) {
- //缩短周期,执行频率就提高
- setDeclaredField(TimerTask.class, this, "period", period);
- }
- //通过反射修改字段的值
- static boolean setDeclaredField(Class<?> clazz, Object obj,
- String name, Object value) {
- try {
- Field field = clazz.getDeclaredField(name);
- field.setAccessible(true);
- field.set(obj, value);
- return true;
- } catch (Exception ex) {
- ex.printStackTrace();
- return false;
- }
- }
- }
测试类
- import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
- import java.util.Date;
- import java.util.Timer;
- import java.util.TimerTask;
- public class Tester {
- public static void main(String[] args){
- ReschedulableTimerTask task=new ReschedulableTimerTask() {
- @Override
- public void run() {
- System.out.println("RunTime:"+new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss").format(new Date()));
- }
- };
- Timer timer=new Timer();
- timer.schedule(task, 2000, 2000);//每两秒执行一次
- try {
- Thread.sleep(6000);
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- }
- //主线程6秒后,更改任务周期
- task.setPeriod(1000);//改为每秒执行一次
- }
- }
如果想通过停止任务再重新调用schedule来安排一个新的执行周期,也是可行的,但是要重新创建TimerTask对象;
因为TimerTask对象在安排执行或者取消执行后,其内部状态(由state指定)已经发生变化,是不可以重新安排执行,
否则会抛出IllegalStateException异常。
public void scheduleAtFixedRate(TimerTask task,
long delay,
long period)
抛出:
IllegalArgumentException - 如果 delay 是负数,或者 delay + System.currentTimeMillis() 是负数。
IllegalStateException - 如果已经安排或取消了任务,已经取消了计时器,或者计时器线程已终止。
注意:
jdk没有提供setPeriod方法可能是出于线程安全的考虑,
如果你要使用以上的方法在运行时动态修改任务的执行频率,
你要自己保证代码的线程安全。
建议在简单的并且运行时间较短的任务中使用。
==========【yasi】==========
自己实践了一下,代码如下:
- package com.yasi;
- import java.lang.reflect.Field;
- import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
- import java.util.Date;
- import java.util.Timer;
- import java.util.TimerTask;
- public class Test extends TimerTask {
- public int CHECK_INTERVAL = 4 * 1000;
- public int NEW_CHECK_INTERVAL = 1 * 1000;
- public void schedule() {
- Timer timer = new Timer();
- timer.scheduleAtFixedRate(this, 0, CHECK_INTERVAL);
- }
- public void re_schedule() {
- setDeclaredField(TimerTask.class, this, "period", NEW_CHECK_INTERVAL);
- }
- static boolean setDeclaredField(Class<?> clazz, Object obj,
- String name, Object value) {
- try {
- Field field = clazz.getDeclaredField(name);
- field.setAccessible(true);
- field.set(obj, value);
- return true;
- } catch (Exception ex) {
- ex.printStackTrace();
- return false;
- }
- }
- @Override
- public void run() {
- Date now = new Date();
- SimpleDateFormat dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat(
- "E MMMMM dd HH:mm:ss zzz yyyy");
- System.out.println(dateFormat.format(now).toString());
- }
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- Test t = new Test();
- t.schedule();
- try {
- Thread.sleep(5 * 1000);
- } catch (Exception e) {
- System.out.println(e);
- }
- t.re_schedule();
- }
- }
- Mon May 12 15:36:27 CST 2014
- Mon May 12 15:36:31 CST 2014
- Mon May 12 15:36:35 CST 2014
- Mon May 12 15:36:36 CST 2014
- Mon May 12 15:36:37 CST 2014
- Mon May 12 15:36:38 CST 2014
- Mon May 12 15:36:27 CST 2014
- Mon May 12 15:36:31 CST 2014
- Mon May 12 15:36:32 CST 2014
- Mon May 12 15:36:33 CST 2014
- Mon May 12 15:36:34 CST 2014
- Mon May 12 15:36:35 CST 2014
假设在第N个周期中重置了timer的周期,那么必须等第N个周期(按照先前的周期)执行完了以后,新的周期才会生效。
也许,这不是很多人期望的结果。
反编译 rt.jar 中的TimerTask.class 后,看到该类中,除了 long period 属性外,还有一个 long nextExecutionTime 属性。猜想这个值在执行到当前的 run() 函数之前,就已经计算好了,于是,在run() 中除了要修改 peirod 属性外,还要修改 nextExecutionTime 属性。实践了一下,结果确实是那样的。
下面给出正确的做法:
- package com.yasi;
- import java.lang.reflect.Field;
- import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
- import java.util.Date;
- import java.util.Timer;
- import java.util.TimerTask;
- public class Test extends TimerTask {
- public int CHECK_INTERVAL = 4 * 1000;
- public int NEW_CHECK_INTERVAL = 1 * 1000;
- public int i = 0;
- public void schedule() {
- Timer timer = new Timer();
- timer.scheduleAtFixedRate(this, 0, CHECK_INTERVAL);
- }
- public void re_schedule1() {
- Date now = new Date();
- SimpleDateFormat dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat(
- "E MMMMM dd HH:mm:ss zzz yyyy");
- System.out.println("re_schedule1:" + dateFormat.format(now).toString());
- setDeclaredField(TimerTask.class, this, "period", NEW_CHECK_INTERVAL);
- }
- public void re_schedule2() {
- Date now = new Date();
- SimpleDateFormat dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat(
- "E MMMMM dd HH:mm:ss zzz yyyy");
- System.out.println("re_schedule2:" + dateFormat.format(now).toString());
- long nextExecutionTime = now.getTime() + NEW_CHECK_INTERVAL;
- setDeclaredField(TimerTask.class, this, "nextExecutionTime", nextExecutionTime);
- setDeclaredField(TimerTask.class, this, "period", NEW_CHECK_INTERVAL);
- }
- static boolean setDeclaredField(Class<?> clazz, Object obj,
- String name, Object value) {
- try {
- Field field = clazz.getDeclaredField(name);
- field.setAccessible(true);
- field.set(obj, value);
- return true;
- } catch (Exception ex) {
- ex.printStackTrace();
- return false;
- }
- }
- @Override
- public void run() {
- Date now = new Date();
- SimpleDateFormat dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat(
- "E MMMMM dd HH:mm:ss zzz yyyy");
- System.out.println(dateFormat.format(now).toString());
- i++;
- if(i == 3) {
- //re_schedule1();
- re_schedule2();
- }
- }
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- Test t = new Test();
- t.schedule();
- }
- }
re_schedule2() 方法中,除了在第37行重置了TimerTask的"period"属性,同时在第36行重置了"nextExecutionTime"属性,从而直接修改了下一次执行的时刻,避免了一次多余的“旧的period”的执行。
上面的代码用re_schedule2()执行的结果如下。可见,执行了re_schedule2()之后,新的period 是 “即刻生效” 的。
Wed May 14 08:22:53 CST 2014
Wed May 14 08:22:57 CST 2014
Wed May 14 08:23:01 CST 2014
re_schedule2:Wed May 14 08:23:01 CST 2014
Wed May 14 08:23:02 CST 2014
Wed May 14 08:23:03 CST 2014
Wed May 14 08:23:04 CST 2014
Wed May 14 08:23:05 CST 2014
=====【另外一种方法】=======
上面的方法是通过反射来做的,下面的方法不用反射,也能达到同样的目的。
ITask.java
- package com.yasi;
- public interface ITask {
- public void run();
- public long getPeriod();
- }
ReschedulableTimerTask.java
- package com.yasi;
- import java.util.Timer;
- import java.util.TimerTask;
- public class ReschedulableTimerTask extends TimerTask {
- Timer master;
- ITask task;
- public ReschedulableTimerTask(Timer master, ITask task) {
- this.master = master;
- this.task = task;
- }
- @Override
- public void run() {
- task.run();
- master.schedule(new ReschedulableTimerTask(master,task), task.getPeriod());
- }
- }
ConcreteTask.java
- package com.yasi;
- public class ConcreteTask implements ITask {
- private long period = 4000;
- private int i = 0;
- @Override
- public void run() {
- i++;
- if (2 != i) {
- System.out.println("ConcreteTask: " + System.currentTimeMillis());
- } else {
- period = 1000;
- System.out.println("ConcreteTask: " + System.currentTimeMillis() + " reset period to 1000 ms");
- }
- }
- @Override
- public long getPeriod() {
- return period;
- }
- }
- package com.yasi;
- import java.util.Timer;
- public class Test {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- ConcreteTask task = new ConcreteTask();
- System.out.println("Start timer: " + System.currentTimeMillis());
- Timer timer = new Timer();
- timer.schedule(new ReschedulableTimerTask(timer, task) , 4000);
- }
- }
输出如下:
Start timer: 1400218487767
ConcreteTask: 1400218491767
ConcreteTask: 1400218495767 reset period to 1000 ms
ConcreteTask: 1400218496767
ConcreteTask: 1400218497767
ConcreteTask: 1400218498767