Mac中MacPorts安装和使用

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文章转载至http://www.zikercn.com/node/8

星期四, 06/07/2012 - 19:02 — 张慧敏

MacPorts简介

MacPorts，曾经叫做DarwinPorts，是一个软件包管理系统，用来简化Mac OS X和Darwin操作系统上软件的安装。它是一个用来简化自由软件/开放源代码软件的安装的自由/开放源代码项目，与Fink和BSD类ports套件的目标和功能类似。跟BSD中的ports道理一样。MacPorts就像apt-get、yum一样，可以快速安装些软件。

MacPorts下载与安装

一.通过(.pkg)安装: Mac OS X Package (.pkg) Installer

访问官方网站: http://www.macports.org/install.php
http://distfiles.macports.org/MacPorts/MacPorts-2.1.1-10.7-Lion.pkg

二.通过(Source)安装MacPorts：Source Installation

1.cd到Downloads/目录下wget下载 MacPorts-2.1.1.tar.gz
输入: wget https://distfiles.macports.org/MacPorts/MacPorts-2.1.1.tar.gz

2.解压 MacPorts-2.1.1.tar.gz 输入: tar zxvf MacPorts-2.1.1.tar.gz (tar jxvf MacPorts2.1.1.tar.bz2)

3.cd到解压到的目录MacPorts-2.1.1输入: ./configure && make && sudo make install 安装

中间提示输入密码完成安装!

7.然后将/opt/local/bin和/opt/local/sbin添加到$PATH搜索路径中
编辑/etc/profile文件 $ sudo vim /etc/profile (特许编辑,强制保存退出 wq!)文件最后加上下面两句

1 2	`export` `PATH=` `/opt/local/bin` `:$PATH` `export` `PATH=` `/opt/local/sbin` `:$PATH`

MacPorts使用

1.Mac Port中第三方软件下载包存放的默认路径是：/opt/local/var/macports/distfiles/
为了提高安装速度，可以在安装新port时直接将此目录下的文件拷贝到新的Mac Port相同的目录中就可以避免Port去网上下载。

2.使用Mac Port前应该首先更新Port的index
输入: $ sudo port -v selfupdate (强烈推荐第一次运行的时候使用-v参数，显示详细的更新过程)

3.查看Mac Port中当前可用的软件包及其版本输入: $ port list

4.查看有更新的软件以及版本输入: $ port outdated

5.升级可以更新的软件输入: $ sudo port upgrade outdated

6.在Mac Port搜索需要安装的软件包输入: $ port search maven

 
            HuiMinmatoMacBook-Pro:Downloads zikercn$ port search maven 
           
            maven @1.0.2 (java, devel) 
           
            stub port, use maven1 instead 
           
            maven-ant-tasks @2.1.3 (devel, java) 
           
            Use many of Maven's artifact handling features from Ant. 
           
            maven1 @1.1 (java, devel) 
           
            A java-based build and project management environment. 
           
            maven2 @2.2.1 (java, devel) 
           
            A java-based build and project management environment. 
           
            maven3 @3.0.4 (java, devel) 
           
            A java-based build and project management environment. 
           
            maven_select @0.3 (sysutils) 
           
            common files  
            for 
            selecting default Maven version 
           
            Found 6 ports.

7.搜索到需要安装的软件包之后，如何查看具体的软件包的内容和说明
输入: $ port info maven3

 
            maven3 @3.0.4 (java, devel) 
           
            Description:          Maven is a Java project management and project 
           
            comprehension tool. Maven is based on the concept of a 
           
            project object model (POM)  
            in 
            that all the artifacts 
           
            produced by Maven are a result of consulting a well 
           
            defined model  
            for 
            your project.Builds, documentation, 
           
            source 
            metrics, and  
            source 
            cross-references are all 
           
            controlled by your POM. Maven 3 aims to ensure backward 
           
            compatibility with Maven 2, improve usability, increase 
           
            performance, allow safe embedding, and pave the way to 
           
            implement many highly demanded features. 
           
            Homepage:             http: 
            //maven 
            .apache.org/ 
           
            Build Dependencies:   kaffe 
           
            Runtime Dependencies: maven_select 
           
            Platforms:            darwin 
           
            License:              unknown 
           
            Maintainers:          blair@macports.org, gk5885@kickstyle.net

8.查看即将安装的或者已经安装的软件包的依赖关系
输入: $ port deps maven3

 
            Full Name: maven3 @3.0.4_0 
           
            Build Dependencies:   kaffe 
           
            Runtime Dependencies: maven_select

9. 查看安装时允许客户定制的参数输入: $ port variants maven3

1	`maven3 has no variants`

10.查看了软件包的内容和说明,并确认确实要安装,则输入: $ sudo port install maven3

 
            To  
            make 
            maven 3.0.4 the default, please run 
           
            sudo 
            port  
            select 
             -- 
            set 
            maven maven3 
           
            --->  Cleaning maven3 
           
            --->  Updating database of binaries: 100.0% 
           
            --->  Scanning binaries  
            for 
            linking errors: 100.0% 
           
            --->  No broken files found.

11. 卸载已经用Mac Port安装的软件输入: $ sudo port uninstall maven3

 
            --->  Deactivating maven3 @3.0.4_0 
           
            --->  Cleaning maven3 
           
            --->  Uninstalling maven3 @3.0.4_0 
           
            --->  Cleaning maven3

MacPorts卸载删除

1.卸载原有的MacPorts(如果你没有安装,直接跳过这一步,输入: $ port version 查看)
#原版使用MacPorts安装过的软件在/opt/local目录下,删除之前最好查看下,心里有个数.

 
            sudo 
             port -f uninstall installed 
           
            sudo 
             rm 
            -rf  [/加下面的每条] 
           
            /opt/local 
           
            /Applications/DarwinPorts 
           
            /Applications/MacPorts 
           
            /Library/LaunchDaemons/org 
            .macports.*  
           
            /Library/Receipts/DarwinPorts 
            *.pkg  
           
            /Library/Receipts/MacPorts 
            *.pkg  
           
            /Library/StartupItems/DarwinPortsStartup 
           
            /Library/Tcl/darwinports1 
            .0  
           
            /Library/Tcl/macports1 
            .0  
           
            ~/.macports