ubuntu下 GCC编译程序出现 undefined reference to `std::ios_base::Init::Init()'问题

在ubuntu vim下编辑如下代码（代码来自《C++标准程序库》p107）：


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#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <algorithm>
#include <iterator>


using namespace std;


int main()
{
    vector<string> coll;
    
    /* read all words from the standard input
    * - source: all strings until end-of-file (or erro)
    * - destination: coll(inserting)
    */
    copy (istream_iterator<string>(cin), // start of source
        istream_iterator<string>(),      // end of source
        back_inserter(coll));


    // sort elements
    sort (coll.begin(), coll.end());


    /* print all elements without duplicates
    * - source: coll
    * - destination: standard output (with newline between elements)
    */
    unique_copy (coll.begin(), coll.end(),  // source
                 ostream_iterator<string>(cout, "\n")); // destination
    return 0;
}
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使用GCC编译后出现下列可怕的问题：


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hello.o: In function `main':
hello.cpp:(.text+0x41): undefined reference to `std::cin'
hello.cpp:(.text+0xd1): undefined reference to `std::cout'
hello.o: In function `__static_initialization_and_destruction_0(int, int)':
hello.cpp:(.text+0x19e): undefined reference to `std::ios_base::Init::Init()'
hello.cpp:(.text+0x1a3): undefined reference to `std::ios_base::Init::~Init()'
hello.o: In function `std::istream_iterator<std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, char, std::char_traits<char>, int>::~istream_iterator()':
hello.cpp:(.text._ZNSt16istream_iteratorISscSt11char_traitsIcEiED2Ev[_ZNSt16istream_iteratorISscSt11char_traitsIcEiED5Ev]+0x10): undefined reference to `std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::~basic_string()'
hello.o: In function `std::istream_iterator<std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, char, std::char_traits<char>, int>::istream_iterator(std::basic_istream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&)':
hello.cpp:(.text._ZNSt16istream_iteratorISscSt11char_traitsIcEiEC2ERSi[_ZNSt16istream_iteratorISscSt11char_traitsIcEiEC5ERSi]+0x24): undefined reference to `std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::basic_string()'
hello.cpp:(.text._ZNSt16istream_iteratorISscSt11char_traitsIcEiEC2ERSi[_ZNSt16istream_iteratorISscSt11char_traitsIcEiEC5ERSi]+0x41): undefined reference to `std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::~basic_string()'
hello.o: In function `std::istream_iterator<std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, char, std::char_traits<char>, int>::istream_iterator()':
hello.cpp:(.text._ZNSt16istream_iteratorISscSt11char_traitsIcEiEC2Ev[_ZNSt16istream_iteratorISscSt11char_traitsIcEiEC5Ev]+0x24): undefined reference to `std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::basic_string()'
hello.o: In function `std::istream_iterator<std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, char, std::char_traits<char>, int>::istream_iterator(std::istream_iterator<std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, char, std::char_traits<char>, int> const&)':
hello.cpp:(.text._ZNSt16istream_iteratorISscSt11char_traitsIcEiEC2ERKS2_[_ZNSt16istream_iteratorISscSt11char_traitsIcEiEC5ERKS2_]+0x2f): undefined reference to `std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::basic_string(std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&)'
hello.o: In function `std::istream_iterator<std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, char, std::char_traits<char>, int>::_M_read()':
hello.cpp:(.text._ZNSt16istream_iteratorISscSt11char_traitsIcEiE7_M_readEv[std::istream_iterator<std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, char, std::char_traits<char>, int>::_M_read()]+0x29): undefined reference to `std::basic_ios<char, std::char_traits<char> >::operator void*() const'
hello.cpp:(.text._ZNSt16istream_iteratorISscSt11char_traitsIcEiE7_M_readEv[std::istream_iterator<std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, char, std::char_traits<char>, int>::_M_read()]+0x61): undefined reference to `std::basic_istream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::operator>><char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >(std::basic_istream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >&)'
hello.cpp:(.text._ZNSt16istream_iteratorISscSt11char_traitsIcEiE7_M_readEv[std::istream_iterator<std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, char, std::char_traits<char>, int>::_M_read()]+0x7f): undefined reference to `std::basic_ios<char, std::char_traits<char> >::operator void*() const'
hello.o: In function `void std::__insertion_sort<__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >*, std::vector<std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::allocator<std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > > > > >(__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >*, std::vector<std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::allocator<std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, 
……
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但是使用Code::Blocks编译、链接可以通过，不解，上网搜了一下。


网上的解释是：“ you need to add -lstdc++, or use 'g++' rather than 'gcc' as your driver program.”，也就是说如果想要使用g++编译程序的话，那么链接时需要添加“-Istdc++”。


我试了一下 ， 在链接时加上"-Istdc++"，就没有问题了。


关于g++，让我想起了，在ubuntu下一开始安装完code::blocks的时候，提示需要安装g++。原来code::blocks内置编译器使用的是g++，但是为什么在建工程的时候，提示使用的编译器是gcc呢？？


这就引来了一个问题：“gcc和g++的区别和联系是什么？”网上搜了一下“gcc和g++”（http://www.yuanma.org/data/2007/0406/article_2498.htm），整理下来有这么几条是有用的：


（1）gcc和g++都是GNU(组织)的一个编译器。


（2）后缀名为.c的程序和.cpp的程序g++都会当成是c++的源程序来处理。而gcc不然，gcc会把.c的程序处理成c程序。


（3）对于.cpp的程序，编译可以用gcc/g++，而链接可以用g++或者gcc -lstdc++。（个人觉得这条是最重要的）