python中获取当前位置所在的行号和函数名

对于python，这几天一直有两个问题在困扰我:

• 1.python中没办法直接取得当前的行号和函数名。这是有人在论坛里提出的问题，底下一群人只是在猜测python为什么不像__file__一样提供__line__和__func__，但是却最终也没有找到解决方案。
• 2.如果一个函数在不知道自己名字的情况下，怎么才能递归调用自己。这是我一个同事问我的，其实也是获取函数名，但是当时也是回答不出来。

但是今晚！所有的问题都有了答案。
一切还要从我用python的logging模块说起，logging中的format中是有如下选项的:

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% (name)s            Name of the logger (logging channel) % (levelno)s         Numeric logging level for the message (DEBUG, INFO,                      WARNING, ERROR, CRITICAL) % (levelname)s       Text logging level for the message ( "DEBUG" , "INFO" ,                      "WARNING" , "ERROR" , "CRITICAL" ) % (pathname)s        Full pathname of the source file where the logging                      call was issued ( if available) % (filename)s        Filename portion of pathname % (module)s          Module (name portion of filename) % (lineno)d          Source line number where the logging call was issued                      ( if available) % (funcName)s        Function name % (created)f         Time when the LogRecord was created (time.time()                      return value) % (asctime)s         Textual time when the LogRecord was created % (msecs)d           Millisecond portion of the creation time % (relativeCreated)d Time in milliseconds when the LogRecord was created,                      relative to the time the logging module was loaded                      (typically at application startup time) % (thread)d          Thread ID ( if available) % (threadName)s      Thread name ( if available) % (process)d         Process ID ( if available) % (message)s         The result of record.getMessage(), computed just as                      the record is emitted

也就是说，logging是能够获取到调用者的行号和函数名的，那会不会也可以获取到自己的行号和函数名呢？
我们来看一下源码，主要部分如下:

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def currentframe():      """Return the frame object for the caller's stack frame."""      try :          raise Exception      except :          return sys.exc_info()[ 2 ].tb_frame.f_back def findCaller( self ):      """      Find the stack frame of the caller so that we can note the source      file name, line number and function name.      """      f = currentframe()      #On some versions of IronPython, currentframe() returns None if      #IronPython isn't run with -X:Frames.      if f is not None :          f = f.f_back      rv = "(unknown file)" , 0 , "(unknown function)"      while hasattr (f, "f_code" ):          co = f.f_code          filename = os.path.normcase(co.co_filename)          if filename = = _srcfile:              f = f.f_back              continue          rv = (co.co_filename, f.f_lineno, co.co_name)          break      return rv def _log( self , level, msg, args, exc_info = None , extra = None ):      """      Low-level logging routine which creates a LogRecord and then calls      all the handlers of this logger to handle the record.      """      if _srcfile:          #IronPython doesn't track Python frames, so findCaller throws an          #exception on some versions of IronPython. We trap it here so that          #IronPython can use logging.          try :              fn, lno, func = self .findCaller()          except ValueError:              fn, lno, func = "(unknown file)" , 0 , "(unknown function)"      else :          fn, lno, func = "(unknown file)" , 0 , "(unknown function)"      if exc_info:          if not isinstance (exc_info, tuple ):              exc_info = sys.exc_info()      record = self .makeRecord( self .name, level, fn, lno, msg, args, exc_info, func, extra)      self .handle(record)

我简单解释一下，实际上是通过在currentframe函数中抛出一个异常，然后通过向上查找的方式，找到调用的信息。其中

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1	rv = (co.co_filename, f.f_lineno, co.co_name)

的三个值分别为文件名，行号，函数名。(可以去http://docs.python.org/library/sys.html来看一下代码中几个系统函数的说明)
OK，如果已经看懂了源码，那获取当前位置的行号和函数名相信也非常清楚了，代码如下:

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#!/usr/bin/python # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- ''' #============================================================================= #  Author:          dantezhu - http://www.vimer.cn #  Email:           zny2008@gmail.com #  FileName:        xf.py #  Description:     获取当前位置的行号和函数名 #  Version:         1.0 #  LastChange:      2010-12-17 01:19:19 #  History:         #============================================================================= ''' import sys def get_cur_info():      """Return the frame object for the caller's stack frame."""      try :          raise Exception      except :          f = sys.exc_info()[ 2 ].tb_frame.f_back      return (f.f_code.co_name, f.f_lineno)    def callfunc():      print get_cur_info()       if __name__ = = '__main__' :      callfunc()

输入结果是:

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1	( 'callfunc' , 24 )

符合预期~~
哈哈，OK！现在应该不用再抱怨取不到行号和函数名了吧~

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后来发现，其实也可以有更简单的方法，如下:

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import sys def get_cur_info():      print sys._getframe().f_code.co_name      print sys._getframe().f_back.f_code.co_name get_cur_info()

 

 

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另外,利用python的 inspect 模块中的getframeinfo也可以得到.

inspect.getframeinfo(  frame  [,  context  ])

Get information about a frame or traceback object. A 5-tuple is returned, the last five elements of the frame’s frame record.

Changed in version 2.6: Returns a named tuple Traceback(filename, lineno, function, code_context, index).