Fragment学习之回退栈的管理

类似于Activity，当用户在点击后退键时，系统会将Activity保存起来，Fragment也有这种功能，不过我们要显示的调用addToBackStack()方法进行保存。

MainActivity.java代码如下：

public class MainActivity extends FragmentActivity implements OnClickListener {

	private FragmentManager manager;
	private FragmentTransaction transaction;
	private Button button1, button2, button3, button4;

	@Override
	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
		
		/*获取manager*/
		manager = this.getSupportFragmentManager();
		/**
		 * 获取对应的控件，以及设置对应的监听事件
		 */
		button1 = (Button) this.findViewById(R.id.button1);
		button1.setOnClickListener(this);
		button2 = (Button) this.findViewById(R.id.button2);
		button2.setOnClickListener(this);
		button3 = (Button) this.findViewById(R.id.button3);
		button3.setOnClickListener(this);
		button4 = (Button) this.findViewById(R.id.button4);
		button4.setOnClickListener(this);
	}

	@Override
	public void onClick(View v) {
		
		/*获取事物*/
		transaction = manager.beginTransaction();
		
		switch (v.getId()) {
		
		case R.id.button1:
			
			Fragment1 fragment1 = new Fragment1();
			/*替换对应的容器id*/
			transaction.replace(R.id.center, fragment1, "fragment1");
			/*把fragment1添加到回退栈中*/
			transaction.addToBackStack("fragment1");
			break;
			
		case R.id.button2:
			
			Fragment2 fragment2 = new Fragment2();
			/*替换*/
			transaction.replace(R.id.center, fragment2, "fragment2");
			/*把fragment2添加到回退栈*/
			transaction.addToBackStack("fragment2");
			break;
			
		case R.id.button3:
			
			Fragment3 fragment3 = new Fragment3();
			/*替换*/
			transaction.replace(R.id.center, fragment3, "fragment3");
			/*把fragment3添加到回退栈*/
			transaction.addToBackStack("fragment3");
			break;
			
		case R.id.button4:
			
			Fragment4 fragment4 = new Fragment4();
			/*替换*/
			transaction.replace(R.id.center, fragment4, "fragment4");
			/*把fragment4添加到回退栈*/
			transaction.addToBackStack("fragment4");
			break;
		}
		
		/*提交事物*/
		transaction.commit();
	}

}

Fragment1.java代码：

public class Fragment1 extends Fragment {

	public Fragment1() {
		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
	}

	private final String TAG = "Fragment1";

	@Override
	public void onAttach(Activity activity) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		super.onAttach(activity);
		Log.i(TAG, "-----Fragment1->>onAttach");
	}

	@Override
	public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		Log.i(TAG, "-----Fragment1->>onCreate");
	}

	@Override
	public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		Log.i(TAG, "-----Fragment1->>onCreateView");
		View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.f1, null);
		return view;
	}

	@Override
	public void onActivityCreated(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		super.onActivityCreated(savedInstanceState);
		Log.i(TAG, "-----Fragment1->>onActivityCreated");
	}

	@Override
	public void onStart() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		super.onStart();
		Log.i(TAG, "-----Fragment1->>onStart");
	}

	@Override
	public void onResume() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		super.onResume();
		Log.i(TAG, "-----Fragment1->>onResume");
	}

	@Override
	public void onPause() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		Log.i(TAG, "-----Fragment1->>onPause");
		super.onPause();
	}

	@Override
	public void onStop() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		super.onStop();
		Log.i(TAG, "-----Fragment1->>onStop");
	}

	@Override
	public void onDestroyView() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		super.onDestroyView();
		Log.i(TAG, "-----Fragment1->>onDestroyView");
	}

	@Override
	public void onDestroy() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		super.onDestroy();
		Log.i(TAG, "-----Fragment1->>onDestroy");
	}

	@Override
	public void onDetach() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		super.onDetach();
		Log.i(TAG, "-----Fragment1->>onDetach");
	}


}

Fragment2.java代码

public class Fragment2 extends Fragment {

	public Fragment2() {
		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
	}

	private final String TAG = "Fragment2";

	@Override
	public void onAttach(Activity activity) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		super.onAttach(activity);
		Log.i(TAG, "-----Fragment2->>onAttach");
	}

	@Override
	public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		Log.i(TAG, "-----Fragment2->>onCreate");
	}

	@Override
	public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		Log.i(TAG, "-----Fragment2->>onCreateView");
		View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.f2, null);
		return view;
	}

	@Override
	public void onActivityCreated(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		super.onActivityCreated(savedInstanceState);
		Log.i(TAG, "-----Fragment2->>onActivityCreated");
	}

	@Override
	public void onStart() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		super.onStart();
		Log.i(TAG, "-----Fragment2->>onStart");
	}

	@Override
	public void onResume() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		super.onResume();
		Log.i(TAG, "-----Fragment2->>onResume");
	}

	@Override
	public void onPause() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		Log.i(TAG, "-----Fragment2->>onPause");
		super.onPause();
	}

	@Override
	public void onStop() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		super.onStop();
		Log.i(TAG, "-----Fragment2->>onStop");
	}

	@Override
	public void onDestroyView() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		super.onDestroyView();
		Log.i(TAG, "-----Fragment2->>onDestroyView");
	}

	@Override
	public void onDestroy() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		super.onDestroy();
		Log.i(TAG, "-----Fragment2->>onDestroy");
	}

	@Override
	public void onDetach() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		super.onDetach();
		Log.i(TAG, "-----Fragment2->>onDetach");
	}

}

Fragment3.java

public class Fragment3 extends Fragment {

	public Fragment3() {
		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
	}

	@Override
	public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
	}

	@Override
	public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.f3, null);
		return view;
	}

	@Override
	public void onPause() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		super.onPause();
	}

}

Fragment4.java代码：

public class Fragment4 extends Fragment {

	public Fragment4() {
		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
	}

	public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
	}

	@Override
	public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.f4, null);
		return view;
	}

	@Override
	public void onPause() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		super.onPause();
	}
}

布局文件就是一个简单的文本，代码就不贴了！

我们先来看看程序运行的流程：

第一个Fragment被加载：

-----Fragment1->>onAttach
 -----Fragment1->>onCreate
 -----Fragment1->>onCreateView
 -----Fragment1->>onActivityCreated
 -----Fragment1->>onStart
 -----Fragment1->>onResume

 第二个Fragment被加载：
 -----Fragment1->>onPause
 -----Fragment1->>onStop
 -----Fragment1->>onDestroyView
 -----Fragment2->>onAttach
 -----Fragment2->>onCreate
 -----Fragment2->>onCreateView
 -----Fragment2->>onActivityCreated
 -----Fragment2->>onStart
 -----Fragment2->>onResume

第三个Fragment被加载：

-----Fragment2->>onPause
 -----Fragment2->>onStop
 -----Fragment2->>onDestroyView

回退到第二个Fragment:

-----Fragment2->>onCreateView
 -----Fragment2->>onActivityCreated
 -----Fragment2->>onStart
 -----Fragment2->>onResume
 

demo演示效果：