[Leetcode] 93. Restore IP Addresses 解题报告

题目：

Given a string containing only digits, restore it by returning all possible valid IP address combinations.

For example:
Given "25525511135",

return ["255.255.11.135", "255.255.111.35"]. (Order does not matter)

思路：

遇到这种求所有符合要求的结果的题目，可以首先想到backtracking，因为backtracking的特征就是在找到一个结果之后，通过回溯再找下一个结果，直到找到所有结果。对于本题目而言，我们的目标就是找出四个索引位置，使得在这四个位置插入逗号之后，分割出来的整数的范围均处于0~255。我们可以在当前节点，依次判断后面1\2\3位数字所组成的整数的范围是否处于0~255，如果是，则继续深搜，直到得到符合要求的结果。当然关键点是在于在判断完成一个结果之后，记得回溯。

代码：

class Solution {
public:
    vector<string> restoreIpAddresses(string s) {
        vector<int> indices;
        indices.push_back(0);
        vector<string> ret;
        restoreAddresses(s, ret, indices);
        return ret;
    }
private:
    void restoreAddresses(const string &s, vector<string> &ret, vector<int> &indices) {
        if(indices.size() == 4) {
            if(numValid(s, indices[3], s.length() - 1)) {
                string address;
                address += s.substr(indices[0], indices[1] - indices[0]);
                address += ".";
                address += s.substr(indices[1], indices[2] - indices[1]);
                address += ".";
                address += s.substr(indices[2], indices[3] - indices[2]);
                address += ".";
                address += s.substr(indices[3], s.length() - indices[3]);
                ret.push_back(address);
            }
            return;
        }
        for(int i = 1; i <= 3; ++i) {
            int next_index = indices[indices.size() - 1] + i;
            if(next_index < s.length()) {
                if(numValid(s, indices[indices.size() - 1], next_index - 1)) {
                    indices.push_back(next_index);
                    restoreAddresses(s, ret, indices);
                    indices.pop_back();                             // backtracking
                }
            }
            else {
                return;
            }
        }
    }
    bool numValid(const string &s, int start, int end) {
        if(end - start >= 1 && s[start] == '0') {
            return false;
        }
        else if(end - start >= 3) {
            return false;
        }
        int ret = 0;        // be carefull the overflow
        for(int i = start; i <= end; ++i) {
            ret = 10 * ret + s[i] - '0';
        }
        return ret <= 255;
    }
};