[Leetcode] 346. Moving Average from Data Stream 解题报告

题目：

Given a stream of integers and a window size, calculate the moving average of all integers in the sliding window.

For example,

MovingAverage m = new MovingAverage(3);
m.next(1) = 1
m.next(10) = (1 + 10) / 2
m.next(3) = (1 + 10 + 3) / 3
m.next(5) = (10 + 3 + 5) / 3

思路：

我们维护一个队列，并且保证这个队列中元素的个数不超过用户定义的窗口大小。为了将double next(int val)函数的时间复杂度从O(n)降低到O(1)，我们额外维护一个当前队列元素的和sum。每次进入新元素的时候对sum进行更新。这样double next(int val)函数的时间复杂度就被降低为O(1)了，而该算法总的空间复杂度是O(n)，其中n是构造函数中所定义的窗口大小。

代码：

class MovingAverage {
public:
    /** Initialize your data structure here. */
    MovingAverage(int size) {
        capacity = size;
        sum = 0;
    }
    
    double next(int val) {
        if (capacity == q.size()) {
            int num = q.front();
            q.pop();
            sum -= num;
        }
        q.push(val);
        sum += val;
        double count = static_cast<double>(q.size());
        return sum / count;
    }
private:
    queue<int> q;
    int capacity;
    long long sum;      // in order to avoid overflow
};

/**
 * Your MovingAverage object will be instantiated and called as such:
 * MovingAverage obj = new MovingAverage(size);
 * double param_1 = obj.next(val);
 */