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Din's GMAT OG笔记（4）

16.

During the Second World War, about 375,000 civilians died in the
United States and about 408,000 members of the United States armed
forces died overseas.On the basis the those figures,it can be
concluded that it was not much more dangerous to be overseas in the
armed forces during the Second World than it was to stay at home as
a civilian.
Which of the following would reveal most clearly the absurdity of
the conclusion drawn above?
在二战中，美国本国居民死亡了375,000人，美国军人在海外死亡408，000人。以上述
情况为基础，可以推知在二战中在海外服役的士兵并不比呆在本土的居民危险多少。
下列那个选项最有力于澄清上述谬论。
A. Counting deaths among members of the armed forces who served in
the United State in addition to deaths among members of the armed
forces serving overseas.
计算死亡人数应该为美国军队在本土服役和在海外服役死亡人数的合计。
B. Expressing the difference between the numbers of deaths among
civilians and members of the armed forces as a percentage of the
total number of deaths.
说明本国平民死亡人数和军队人数分别占总死亡人数的百分比之间的差额。
C. Separating deaths cause by accidents during service in the armed
forces from deaths caused by combat injuries.
区分开在军队服役人员的致死原因是由于事故还是战争。
D. Comparing death rates per thousand members of each group rather
than comparing total numbers of deaths.
比较每一组的每千人死亡率，而不是比较死亡总人数。
E. Comparing deaths caused by accidents in the United States to deaths
caused by combat in the armed forces.
比较在美国本土由于事故致死人数和在军队由于战争致死人数。

分析：
显然选D.

总结:
注意B的干扰

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17.

Toughened hiring standards have not been the primary cause of the
present staffing shortage in public schools. The shortage of teachers
is primarily caused by the fact that in recent years teachers have not
experienced any improvements in working conditions and their salaries
have not kept pace with salaries in other professions.
Which of the following, if true, would most support the claims above?
严格的雇用标准并不是目前公立学校职员短缺的主要原因。教师匮乏的主要原因是近年来教
师的工作条件并没有任何改善并且他们的薪金也没有跟上其它职业的步伐。
下列哪个，如果为真，最能支持上述结论？
A. Many teachers already in the profession would not have been hired
under the new hiring standards.
在新的雇用标准下，许多原先的教师将不会被雇用。
B. Today more teachers are entering the profession with a higher
educational level than in the past.
今天进入教师行业的老师要求具备更高的教育水平。
C. Some teachers have cited higher standards for hiring as a reason
for the current staffing shortage.
一些老师已经引证更高雇用标准是目前员工短缺的原因。
D. Many teachers have cited low pay and lack of professional freedom
as reasons for their leaving the profession.
许多老师证明低薪和缺乏职业自由是他们离职的原因
E. Many prospective teachers have cited the new hiring standards as a
reason for not entering the profession.
许多本打算成为教师的人们证明新的雇用标准是他们无法进入该职业的原因。

分析:
选D

toughen vi.&vt.
To make or become tough
使坚强：使或变得坚强、强硬、强壮、坚韧

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18.
A proposed ordinance requires the installation in new homes of
sprinklers automatically triggered by the presence of a fire. However,
a home builder argued that because more than ninty percent of
residential fires are extinguished by a household member,residential
sprinkles would only marginally decrease property damage caused by
residential fires.
Which of the following,if true,would most seriously weaken the home
builder's argument?
一项被提议的法案要求在新建房中必须安装自动灭火喷头。然而，某房屋建造商辨称由于90%
的住宅火灾都是由住户自行扑灭的，所以只能边际减少由住宅火灾导致的财产损失。
下列哪项，如果为真，能最严重削弱该房屋建造商的论点。

A． most individuals have no formal training in how to extinguish
fires.
大多数的人都没有受过灭火的正规培训。

B. Since new homes are only a tiny percentage of available housing in
the city,the new ordinance would be extremely narrow in scope.
由于新建房只占该市住宅总体的很少的百分比，新法案的适用范围非常狭窄。

C. The installation of smoke detectors in new residences costs
significantly less than the installation of sprinklers.
在新住宅中安装烟雾检测器的成本要低于安装喷头的成本。

D. In the city where the ordinance was proposed,the average time
required by the fire department to respond to a fire was less than the
national average.
在提议该法案的城市，消防队对火灾的平均响应时间低于全国的平均水平。

E. The largest proportion of property damage that results from
residential fires is caused by fires that start when no household
member is present.
导致住宅火灾财产损失最大的那些火灾是由于没有住户在家的情况下发生的。

分析:
显然是E

总结：
注意marginally的用法，边际是经济学上的常用语。

ordinance n.
A statute or regulation, especially one enacted by a city government.
法规，法令：法规或法令，尤指由市政府执行的

residential adj.
Of, suitable for, or limited to residences:
须住宿在任所的：属于、适于或限于住所的：
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19.
Even though most universities retain the royalties from faculty
members' inventions. the faculty members retain the royalties from
books and articles the write.Therefore, faculty members should retain
the royalties from the educational computer software they develop.
The conclusion above would be more reasonably drawn if which of the
following were inserted into the argument as an additional premise?
即使大多数的大学持有其教学人员的发明的版权，教学人员依旧拥有其著作的书籍和文章的
版权。因此，教学人员应该拥有他们所开发的教育软件的版权。
下列哪项，加入到上述的论据里面，能使得结论更有理由？

A. Royalties from inventions are higher than royalties from
educational software progrmas.
发明的专利比教育软件的专利要高。

B. Faculty member are more likely to produce educational software
programs than inventions.
相比发明，教学人员更有可能开发教育软件。

C. Inventions bring more prestige to universities that do books and
articles.
与书籍和文章相比，发明给大学带来更大的声望。

D. In the experience of most universities,educational software
programs are more marketable that are books and articles
以大多少大学的经验来说，教育软件比书籍和文章更有市场前途。

E. In terms of the criteria used to award royalties,educational
software programs are more nearly comparable to books and articles
than to inventions.
根据专利费的标准，教育软件相较发明更接近书籍和文章。

分析：
显然E.

criteria
n.
标准

prestige n.
Widely recognized prominence, distinction, or importance:
有影响的：得到广泛承认的卓越，非凡，或重要

faculty member n.
大学教学人员

royalties n.
A share in the proceeds paid to an inventor or a proprietor for the
right to use his or her invention or services.
专利权税：为使用发明或服务而付给发明者或业主的一部分收益
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20.

Increase in the level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in the human
bloodstream lower bloodstream-cholesterol levels by increasing the
body's capacity to rid itself of excess cholesterol. Levels of HDL in
the bloodstream of some individuals are significantly increased by a
program of regular exercise and weight reduction.
Which of the following can be correctly inferred from the statements
above?
增高人体血流中的高密度脂蛋（HDL）的级别可以减低血流胆固醇级别，增强肌体去处多余胆
固醇的能力。人体血流中HDL的级别可以通过有规律的锻炼和减重来获得显著提升。
下列那个是上述语句的正确推论？

A. Individuals who are underweight do not run any risk of developing
high levels of cholesterol in the bloodstream.
重量不足的人不会有血流中胆固醇级别过高的危险。

B. Individuals who do not exercise regularly have a high risk of
developing high levels of cholesterol in the bloodstream late in life.
不经常锻炼的人未来会有血流中胆固醇级别过高的危险。

C. Exercise and weight reduction are the most effective methods of
lowering bloodstream cholesterol levels in humans.
锻炼和减重是降低人体中血流中胆固醇级别最有效的方法。

D. A program of regular exercise and weight reduction lowers
cholesterol levels in the bloodsterm of some individulas
锻炼和减重可以降低某些人的血流中胆固醇级别。

E. Only regular exercise is necessary to decrease cholesterol levels
in the bloodstream of individuals of average weight.
只有有规律的锻炼对于降低平均体重的人体中血流中胆固醇级别是必须的。

分析:
显然选D.

总结：
靠难词来吓人，实际上逻辑很简单。

protein n.
Any of a group of complex organic macromolecules that contain carbon,
hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and usually sulfur and are composed of one
or more chains of amino acids. Proteins are fundamental components of
all living cells and include many substances, such as enzymes,
hormones, and antibodies, that are necessary for the proper
functioning of an organism. They are essential in the diet of animals
for the growth and repair of tissue and can be obtained from foods
such as meat, fish, eggs, milk, and legumes.
蛋白质：一种复杂的有机体大分子的组合，含有碳、氢、氧、氮，通常还有硫，由一个或多个
氨基酸链构成蛋白质，是所有生命细胞的基本组成部分，它包含许多物质，比如酶、荷尔蒙和
抗体，这些物质都是有机体正常活动所必需的，蛋白质是动物膳食的必需成份，对成长和组织
发育至关重要，它可从肉类、鱼、鸡蛋降低人体中血流中胆固醇级别、牛奶和豆类食品中的摄取

high density lipoprotein，HDL
高密度脂蛋白

cholesterol n.
A white, crystalline substance, C27H 45OH, found in animal tissues and
various foods, that is normally synthesized by the liver and is
important as a constituent of cell membranes and a precursor to
steroid hormones. Its level in the bloodstream can influence the
pathogenesis of certain conditions, such as the development of
atherosclerotic plaque and coronary artery disease.
胆固醇：一种白色结晶体物质，C27H 45OH，发现于动物细胞组织和多种食物中，一般由肝合
成，作为细胞膜的组成部分是极为重要的，并且是类固醇荷尔蒙的前驱。在血流中的程度能影
响特种疾病的发病，如动脉粥样硬化病和冠状动脉疾病的发展。

infer vt.
To lead to as a consequence or conclusion:
下结论：导致某一结果或结论：

发表于 @ 2004年09月11日 16:52:00|评论(loading...)|编辑