非修改性序列算法之for_each

for_each是algorithm头文件包含的stl算法之一。

一、for_each的使用

#include<iostream>
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>

using namespace std;

template<typename T>
int pushNum(T &vec, int first, int last) {
    int ret = 0;
    if (first > last) {
        ret = -1;
        cout << "function pushNum first > last error" << ret << endl;
    }
    while (first <= last) {
        vec.push_back(first);
        first++;
    }
    return ret;
}

template<typename T>
void printNum(T &num) {
    cout << num << " ";
}

int main(){
    vector<int> vec;
    pushNum(vec, 1, 10);
    for_each(vec.begin(), vec.end(), printNum<int>);
    cout << endl;

    system("pause");
    return 0;
}

输出结果：

二、for_each仿函数的用法

#include<iostream>
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>

using namespace std;

template<typename T>
int pushNum(T &vec, int first, int last) {
    int ret = 0;
    if (first > last) {
        ret = -1;
        cout << "function pushNum first > last error" << ret << endl;
    }
    while (first <= last) {
        vec.push_back(first);
        first++;
    }
    return ret;
}

template<typename T>
class Print {
private:
    T num;
public:
    Print(T t) :num(t) {}
    void operator()(T& ele)const {
        ele *= num;
    }
};

int main(){
    vector<int> vec;
    pushNum(vec, 1, 10);

    for_each(vec.begin(), vec.end(), Print<int>(2));
    for_each(vec.begin(), vec.end(), printNum<int>);
    cout << endl;

    system("pause");
    return 0;
}

输出结果：

三、for_each的返回值用法

#include<iostream>
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>

using namespace std;

template<typename T>
int pushNum(T &vec, int first, int last) {
    int ret = 0;
    if (first > last) {
        ret = -1;
        cout << "function pushNum first > last error" << ret << endl;
    }
    while (first <= last) {
        vec.push_back(first);
        first++;
    }
    return ret;
}

template<typename T>
class SUM {
private:
    long sum_num;
public:
    SUM() :sum_num(0) {}
    void operator()(T ele) {
        sum_num += ele;
    }
    operator double() {
        return static_cast<double>(sum_num);
    }
};

int main(){
    vector<int> vec;
    pushNum(vec, 1, 10);

    double sum = for_each(vec.begin(), vec.end(), SUM<int>());
    cout << sum << endl;
    system("pause");
    return 0;
}

输出结果：

这里注意一点，SUM类中必须有类型强制转换重载，具体强制转换的类型是什么视具体而定。