Android中的Bluetooth详解

基础：

 

 这篇文档描述了怎么使用Android Bluetooth APIs完成数据交换的四个主要的任务：创建Bluetooth,找到本地区域可用的蓝牙设备或匹配的蓝牙设备，连接设备，传输数据。

 

所有的Bluetooth APIs都在android.bluetooth包下。下面是创建蓝牙连接需要实现的类和接口：

 

BluetoothAdapter：

 

       表示本地的蓝牙适配器。BluetoothAdapter是所有蓝牙交换的接入点。使用它，你可以发现其他的蓝牙设备，查找一些匹配的设备，用MAC地址来实例化一个BluetoothDevice。创建一个BluetoothServerSocket来监听其他设备，进而和它们进行通信。

 

BluetoothDevice：

 

       表示远程的蓝牙设备。用它通过BluetoothSocket来请求与远程的设备进行连接。后者查询设备的基本信息，例如名称，地址，类或者结合的状态。

 

BluetoothSocket：

 

      表示一个Bluetooth socket接口（与TCP socket相似）。它是一个连接点，运行设备通过InputStream和OutputStream的形式来交换数据。

 

BluetoothServiceSocket：

 

     表示一个打开服务socket，用来监听收到的请求（与TCP server socket相似）。为了连接设备，一个设备必须打开服务socket。当一个远程的设备请求连接的时候，当连接被接收的时候，BluetoothServiceSocket返回一个BluetoothSocket。

 

BluetoothClass:

 

    描述蓝牙设备的一般特征和性能。这是个只读的一系列属性。定义了主要和最小的设备类和服务。然而，它描述的设备属性和和服务是不完全可靠的，但是，在表示设备类型时，它是有用的。

 

BluetoothProfile：

 

     一个代表蓝牙属性的接口。指基于无线蓝牙交流的无线接口规则。

 

BluetoothHeadset:

 

    提供在手机手机上使用蓝牙耳机的支持。

 

BluetoothA2dp:

 

     定义什么样的数据可以在蓝牙之间传递。

 

BluetoothProfiles.ServiceListener:

 

    当蓝牙设备连接或者断开时，用它来通知BluetoothProfiles IPC客户端。它是一个接口。

 

蓝牙权限：

 

     为了使用蓝牙，你必须在你的应用程序中声明权限。

 

<manifest ... >

  <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" />

  ...

</manifest>

 

两种权限：BLUETOOTH和BLUETOOTH ADMIN.

 

当使用BLUETOOTH ADMIN时，一定要声明BLUETOOTH。

 

创建Bluetooth：

 

  1.得到BluetoothAdaper。

 

   BluetoothAdapter mBluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();

 if (mBluetoothAdapter == null) {

    // Device does not support Bluetooth

}

 

如何不为null，说明本机可用蓝牙设备。

 

   2.使用Bluetooth。

 

    if (mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()) {

    Intent enableBtIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);

    startActivityForResult(enableBtIntent, REQUEST_ENABLE_BT);

}

 

查看匹配的设备：

 

 Set<BluetoothDevice> pairedDevices = mBluetoothAdapter.getBondedDevices();

// If there are paired devices

if (pairedDevices.size() > 0) {

    // Loop through paired devices

    for (BluetoothDevice device : pairedDevices) {

        // Add the name and address to an array adapter to show in a ListView

        mArrayAdapter.add(device.getName() + "\n" + device.getAddress());

    }

}

 

发现设备:

 

// Create a BroadcastReceiver for ACTION_FOUND

private final BroadcastReceiver mReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {

    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {

        String action = intent.getAction();

        // When discovery finds a device

        if (BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND.equals(action)) {

            // Get the BluetoothDevice object from the Intent

            BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);

            // Add the name and address to an array adapter to show in a ListView

            mArrayAdapter.add(device.getName() + "\n" + device.getAddress());

        }

    }

};

// Register the BroadcastReceiver

IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND);

registerReceiver(mReceiver, filter); // Don't forget to unregister during onDestroy

 

连接设备：

 

做为一个服务者：

 

    public AcceptThread() {

        // Use a temporary object that is later assigned to mmServerSocket,

        // because mmServerSocket is final

        BluetoothServerSocket tmp = null;

        try {

            // MY_UUID is the app's UUID string, also used by the client code

            tmp = mBluetoothAdapter.listenUsingRfcommWithServiceRecord(NAME, MY_UUID);

        } catch (IOException e) { }

        mmServerSocket = tmp;

    }

 

    public void run() {

        BluetoothSocket socket = null;

        // Keep listening until exception occurs or a socket is returned

        while (true) {

            try {

                socket = mmServerSocket.accept();

            } catch (IOException e) {

                break;

            }

            // If a connection was accepted

            if (socket != null) {

                // Do work to manage the connection (in a separate thread)

                manageConnectedSocket(socket);

                mmServerSocket.close();

                break;

            }

        }

    }

 

    /** Will cancel the listening socket, and cause the thread to finish */

    public void cancel() {

        try {

            mmServerSocket.close();

        } catch (IOException e) { }

    }

}

 

做为客户端：

 

private class ConnectThread extends Thread {

    private final BluetoothSocket mmSocket;

    private final BluetoothDevice mmDevice;

 

    public ConnectThread(BluetoothDevice device) {

        // Use a temporary object that is later assigned to mmSocket,

        // because mmSocket is final

        BluetoothSocket tmp = null;

        mmDevice = device;

 

        // Get a BluetoothSocket to connect with the given BluetoothDevice

        try {

            // MY_UUID is the app's UUID string, also used by the server code

            tmp = device.createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord(MY_UUID);

        } catch (IOException e) { }

        mmSocket = tmp;

    }

 

    public void run() {

        // Cancel discovery because it will slow down the connection

        mBluetoothAdapter.cancelDiscovery();

 

        try {

            // Connect the device through the socket. This will block

            // until it succeeds or throws an exception

            mmSocket.connect();

        } catch (IOException connectException) {

            // Unable to connect; close the socket and get out

            try {

                mmSocket.close();

            } catch (IOException closeException) { }

            return;

        }

 

        // Do work to manage the connection (in a separate thread)

        manageConnectedSocket(mmSocket);

    }

 

    /** Will cancel an in-progress connection, and close the socket */

    public void cancel() {

        try {

            mmSocket.close();

        } catch (IOException e) { }

    }

}

 

管理连接:

 

private class ConnectedThread extends Thread {

    private final BluetoothSocket mmSocket;

    private final InputStream mmInStream;

    private final OutputStream mmOutStream;

 

    public ConnectedThread(BluetoothSocket socket) {

        mmSocket = socket;

        InputStream tmpIn = null;

        OutputStream tmpOut = null;

 

        // Get the input and output streams, using temp objects because

        // member streams are final

        try {

            tmpIn = socket.getInputStream();

            tmpOut = socket.getOutputStream();

        } catch (IOException e) { }

 

        mmInStream = tmpIn;

        mmOutStream = tmpOut;

    }

 

    public void run() {

        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];  // buffer store for the stream

        int bytes; // bytes returned from read()

 

        // Keep listening to the InputStream until an exception occurs

        while (true) {

            try {

                // Read from the InputStream

                bytes = mmInStream.read(buffer);

                // Send the obtained bytes to the UI Activity

                mHandler.obtainMessage(MESSAGE_READ, bytes, -1, buffer)

                        .sendToTarget();

            } catch (IOException e) {

                break;

            }

        }

    }

 

    /* Call this from the main Activity to send data to the remote device */

    public void write(byte[] bytes) {

        try {

            mmOutStream.write(bytes);

        } catch (IOException e) { }

    }

 

    /* Call this from the main Activity to shutdown the connection */

    public void cancel() {

        try {

            mmSocket.close();

        } catch (IOException e) { }

    }

}