程序员的量化交易之路（23）--金融概念Margin保证金

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Margin：保证金

英文解释：http://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/margin.asp

我们把它贴上，并加上我个人的翻译。（翻译不好莫怪）

DEFINITION OF 'MARGIN'(margin的定义)

1. Borrowed money that is used to purchase securities. This practice is referred to as "buying on margin". 
借钱买证券。这种行为叫做基于保证金的交易
2. The amount of equity contributed by a customer as a percentage of the current market value of the securities held in a margin account.
在一个保证金账户中，某个资产（股票）所占当前该账户总市值的比例
3. In a general business context, the difference between a product's (or service's) selling price and the cost of production.
一个更为宽泛的商业领域中，指的是一件商品的卖价减去它的成本。
4. The portion of the interest rate on an adjustable-rate mortgage that is over and above the adjustment-index rate. This portion is retained as profit by the lender.

在可变利率借贷中，高出基准利率的部分，它就是贷方所获得的利润。

INVESTOPEDIA EXPLAINS 'MARGIN'

1. Buying with borrowed money can be extremely risky because both gains and losses are amplified. That is, while the potential for greater profit exists, this comes at a hefty price - the potential for greater losses. Margin also subjects the investor to a number of unique risks such as interest payments for use of the borrowed money.
借钱交易会加大交易承担的风险，不管是盈亏都会相应的扩大。为了获得更大的利润，就意味着你需要承担更大的风险。借钱交易还得承担借贷利息这笔费用。伦家不会免费借钱给你的。

2. For example, if you hold futures contracts in a margin account, you have to maintain a certain amount of margin depending on how the market value of the contracts change.

加入你使用保证金账户进行期货交易，那么你需要缴纳一定的保证金以承受市场的波动。

3. Gross profit margin (which is the difference between revenue and expenses) is one measure of a company's performance.
毛利率（收益-成本）是衡量一个公司表现的重要指标。
4. The formula for calculating the interest rate on an adjustable-rate mortgage is the adjustment-index rate (e.g. Treasury Index) plus the percentage of the margin. For example, if the Treasury Index is 6% and the interest rate on the mortgage is 8%, the margin is 2%.

margin = mortage - treasury index