Laravel5入门Eloquent ORM总结

阅读Laravel5.1的手册时，发现有些地方没有翻译完成，还是英文状态。为了加深对Laravel的Eloquent的认识，总结了一些入门Eloquent的地方，大部分代码摘自手册，都做了注释：

Model：

<?php

namespace App;

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;

class Flight extends Model {

    /**
     * The table associated with the model.
     *
     * @var string
     */
    protected $table = 'my_flights'; //默认情况下模型名的复数形式（+s）为数据表名，也可以为模型指定表名

    protected $primaryKey = 'filght_id'; //默认情况下使用'id'作为表主键，也可以指定主键名
	
	public $timestamps = false; //默认情况下，Eloquent 期望数据表中存在 created_at 和 updated_at 字段。也可以取消

	protected $dateFormat = 'U'; //定制时间戳的格式

    protected $fillable = ['first_name', 'last_name', 'email']; //定义允许批量更新的字段白名单

    protected $guarded = ['id', 'password']; //定义不允许更新的字段黑名单



    public function scopePopular($query) {
        return $query->where('votes', '>', 100);
    }
    public function scopeWomen($query) {
        return $query->whereGender('W');
    }
    //在controller中，使用$users = Flight::popular()->women()->orderBy('created_at')->get();可以自定义查询范围


}

Controller：

<?php

namespace App\Http\Controllers;

use App\Flight;
use App\Http\Controllers\Controller;

class FlightController extends Controller {
    //查询所有记录
    public function all() {
        $flights = Flight::all(); //取出flights表的所有数据

        foreach ($flights as $flight) {
            echo $flight->name; //获取列的值
        }

        return view('flight.index', ['flights' => $flights]);
    }


    //多种查询条件:where, order by, limit
    public function select() {
        $flights = App\Flight::where('active', 1)
               ->orderBy('name', 'desc')
               ->take(10)
               ->get();
    }


    //当查询结果有大量数据时，使用分块查询能节省内存资源
    public function chunkSelect() {
        Flight::chunk(200, function ($flights) {
            foreach ($flights as $flight) {
                echo $flight->name;
            }
        });
    }

    //查询一条记录
    public function find() {
        $flight = App\Flight::find(1); //根据主键值1查找数据。
        $flight = App\Flight::where('active', 1)->first(); //根据where查询符合条件第一条记录
        
        //如果下面的查询方法未查到数据，则会抛出404错误
        $model = App\Flight::findOrFail(1);
        $model = App\Flight::where('legs', '>', 100)->firstOrFail();
    }


    //统计查询
    public function Aggregates() {
        $count = App\Flight::where('active', 1)->count();
        $max = App\Flight::where('active', 1)->max('price');
    }


    //插入一条数据
    public function insert(Request $request) {
        $flight       = new Flight;
        $flight->name = $request->name;

        $flight->save(); //向数据库中插入一条记录，name字段的值为表单传递的name
    }


    //为了更新一条数据，首先你必须从数据库中将其取出，然后为需要更新的属性赋值，最后调用save方法
    public function save() {
        $flight       = App\Flight::find(1);
        $flight->name = 'New Flight Name';

        $flight->save();
    }


    //限定where添加更新数据
    public function update() {
        App\Flight::where('active', 1)
          ->where('destination', 'San Diego')
          ->update(['delayed' => 1]);
    }


    //不存在则插入一条记录
    public function firstOrCreate() {
        $flight = App\Flight::firstOrCreate(['name' => 'Flight 10']); //如果不存在name为Flight 10，则插入一条
    }


    //删除时，先获取这条记录，然后delete
    public function delete(){
        $flight = App\Flight::find(1);
        $flight->delete();

        App\Flight::destroy(1); //删除主键为1的记录
        App\Flight::destroy([1, 2, 3]); //删除主键为1，2，3的记录

        $deletedRows = App\Flight::where('active', 0)->delete(); //删除active为0的数据
    }


    //软删除：并不物理删除数据，只是添加删除字段delete_at
    public function softDelete() {
        /**
         *调用 delete 方法时， deleted_at字段会被更新成现在的时间戳。在查询使用软删除功能的模型时，被「删除」的模型数据不会出现在查询结果里。
         * 
         * 需要在对应的model中，设置
         * use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\SoftDeletes;
         * use SoftDeletes;
         * protected $dates = ['deleted_at'];
         * 
         * 在migration中，生成这个字段
         * Schema::table('flights', function ($table) {$table->softDeletes();});
         *
         * 执行删除时使用delete方法即可。
         *
         * 判断某个模型数据，是否已删除：
         * $flight = Flight::find(1);
         * if ($flight->trashed()) {...}
         */
    }


    //查询已删除的，account_id为1的数据
    public function selectTrashed() {
        $flights = App\Flight::withTrashed()
                ->where('account_id', 1)
                ->get();
    }

    //同上
    public function selectOnlyTrashed() {
        $flights = App\Flight::onlyTrashed()
                ->where('airline_id', 1)
                ->get();
    }

    //恢复软删除的数据
    public function resoreTrashed() {
        //法1
        $flight = \App\Flight::find(1);
        $flight->restore();

        //法2
        Flight::withTrashed()->where('account_id', 1)->restore();
    }


    //彻底删除数据（物理清除软删除的数据）
    public function forceDelete() {
        $flight = \App\Flight::find(1);
        $flight->forceDelete();
    }


    //多重where条件查询含有软删除的数据，需注意查询需不需要group
    public function selectClauseTrashed() {
        User::where(function($query) {
                $query->where('name', '=', 'John')->orWhere('votes', '>', 100);
            })->get();
        //select * from `users` where `users`.`deleted_at` is null and (`name` = 'John' or `votes` > 100)
       
        User::where('name', '=', 'John')->orWhere('votes', '>', 100)->get();    
        //select * from `users` where `users`.`deleted_at` is null and `name` = 'John' or `votes` > 100
    }



}