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　　Development study appraisal method discussion
　　2007-11-27 21:19:50 Author：www.academic.org.cn Hits：0
　　Introduce：Abstract:The studyappraisalmethodrevolutionary nature transforms can directly cause the curriculum to reform the archery target change andthe development. The development study appraisal method is t ...
　　Abstract:The studyappraisalmethodrevolutionary nature transforms can directly cause the curriculum to reform the archery target change andthe development. The development study appraisal method is take promotes the student to develop as the highest goal activity, it is a system continuously active process. In the student mathematics study appraisal, should from aspectand so onappraisal content, appraisal method, appraisal main body carry on the thorough discussion, must pursue the appraisal contentscientific, the appraisal method multiplicity, the appraisal main body polytropism, forms the network structure module the appraisal system and the democracy, the opening, the nimble appraisal strategy, promotes student's biggest development.
　　Key word:Study appraisal; Mathematics study; Real diagnosis method; Humanities method
　　The study appraisal method is reforms to the curriculumaffectsone of most sensitive factors. In the certain degree, the appraisal method revolutionary nature transforms can directly cause the curriculum to reform the archery target change and the development. The new curriculum idea initiative "bases the process, the promotion development" appraisal idea. Therefore, the development study appraisal is take promotes the student to develop as the highest goal activity, it studies in the process as the student the feedback control system, should promote the development which the student comprehensive, initiative, is harmonious, continues.
　　The study appraisal is a system continuously active process. This article embarks from the display appraisal development function, take forms one kind manifests "the student for this" the effective study mechanism, the establishment benign study power circulation as the goal, carries on the attempt discussion to the student mathematics study appraisal method, forms, the science, the standard, Yi Xing development study appraisal system comprehensively.
　　First, the pursue appraisal content scientific nature, promotes the student full scale development.
　　"Mathematics Curriculum Standard" from "the knowledge and the skill", "mathematics pondered", "solvedthe problem", "the emotion and the manner" four domains has madea more concrete elaboration to the compulsory education stage curriculum goal, took the process goal and the development goal is the elementary school mathematics education reform important aspect. We should act according to the curriculum goal, while appropriately to the elementary knowledge and basic skill appraisal, strengthens the process appraisal, takes to send the malleable appraisal, namely the appraisal content should manifest "five nature". Take first study Duan asli:
　　1. foundational.Including understanding number (ten thousand within number, decimal, simple score) and common quantity; Understood the mathematical operations the significance, grasps the essential operation (口算, estimate, 笔算) the skill; Knew the simple geometry body peaceful surface graph, the feeling translation, revolves, phenomenon and so on symmetry, obtains the preliminary survey (estimation), knows skill and so on chart, mapping.
　　Should emphasize, studies the section goal is should study when the section conclusion the student to be supposed to achieve, should allow part of people to pass through period of time endeavors, gradually achieved along with the knowledge and the skill accumulation. When appraises student's elementary knowledge and the basic skill, should key inspect the student to unify the concrete material to study the content practical significance the understanding, understands the ability andthe applicationability appraisal primarily. For example: Presents "the small rabbit with the conversational mode to pick the mushroom" the situation: The small white rabbit said "mother, I picked25to bother." Rabbit mother said "I pick you am much more than." The small black rabbit said "I pick compared to am young white rabbit more than 1." The small ash rabbit said "I pick young white rabbit am less than some." Please in62,30,18these three integers elects,they respectively picked how many only to bother. Let the student unify the concrete material feeling "to be much more" and so on the words and expressions meaning, realized the number the relative size relations, studies uses habitually the number to express and the exchange information.
　　2. ponders.Is refers from mathematics angle observation world, the gain information, the ponder question ability; Preliminary spatial idea; Simplethoughtability and so on analysis, inference, induction, analogy; Can be simple, have orderliness the ponder.
　　"Forms solves question some basic strategies" is the curriculum goal important aspect, in the teaching must through way and so on explanation, demonstration and practice helps the student to obtain related solves the question strategy sexual knowledge, moreover, these strategy sexual knowledge also should use the appraisal the way to drive the student studies. The student needs the teacher to perform to they individual creative method to feed back,the summaryand the appraisal, thus knew solves the question essence. Like; Investigates the television program which this class of schoolmate most likes looking, in the student appears "the picture 正字", "raised hand the points", "side the minute stands in the same place counts" and so on the many kinds of collections data method, all should obtain the respect and the affirmation, lets the student feel the collection data method the multiplicity.
　　3. applications.Is refers can from the real life discover, propose and the solution mathematics question, has the stronger question consciousness and application consciousness; The experience solves the question strategy diversification; Has cooperates the exchange experience with the other people; The academic society expresses solves the question process and the result.
　　Found the problem with will solve the question ability is one of future talented person's important qualities, also will be innovates the ability concrete manifestation. Must the student find the problem, solves the question ability to take the appraisal the key point. For example: After the study "the understanding object and do the graph", which objects look for in the living conditions to have the shape is we knows, and said why has to make such shape, for instance the soccer does not make the spheroid the line? The automobile makes the spheroid? Let the student with the brains in already the geometry concept and to the graph characteristic experience which forms,describes life space which locates, explained discovered life phenomenon.
　　4. practicality.Is refers utilizes in the way solution life actual problem on own initiative which the knowledge operates; The experience solves the question process; The feeling mathematics value and uses mathematics the pleasure.
　　Pure measured the examination paper has not been able effectively to appraise student's operation skill and the practice ability. Besides usual test, but also may carry on has operational and the practical examination. 期末 the test may by 口算 the test question, the examination test question (elementary knowledge, synthesis application, intelligence surfing), the practice test question three parts be composed. The practice test question fully manifests openness, allows the student to cooperate in the certain time with the other people completes. For example: After knew the clock and watch, lets the student design and to the schoolmates introduced an oneself day-long timetable, to this supervises the oneself daily study and the rest; After the preliminary study statistics knowledge, lets the student independence or the cooperation choice is interested the thing, the collection and the processed information, draws the linearity chart, demonstrated in the entire class, and according to counts the situation to make significant the matter.
　　5. humanities.Is interested including the logarithm study, positively participates in mathematics activity; Can overcome in the study some difficulties, obtains the successful experience, has learns mathematics the confidence; Feeling mathematics and daily life close relation, feeling mathematics ponder process rationality; Has corrects one's errors, the bold question study manner and the custom.
　　Student's emotion experience is the important study product and the quality, even is the student lifelong enjoys. In the teaching must fully take student's in mathematics study emotion investment, provides has the cheerful pleasant sensation, the sufficient true feelings mathematics learning activity, especially must unceasingly give the student through the effective appraisal to "is interesting" and "the success" the experience. When 期末(center) may carry on the rank appraisal and the qualitative description appraisal. Had a teacher to make following attempt.
　　The rank appraisal suggested that,
　　Rank Comments the price sign
　　Outstanding Likes mathematics, can positively participate in mathematics activity; Has the will, can overcome in the study on own initiative the difficulty; Has the self-confidence, dares boldly to express own idea.
　　Good The logarithm study is interested, can positively participate in mathematics activity; Can overcome in the study the difficulty; Has learns mathematics the self-confidence, can say own idea.
　　Medium Under can organize in the teacher to participate in mathematics activity, can overcome in the study the difficulty.
　　Second, the pursue appraisal method multiplicity, promotes the student to develop on own initiative.
　　"Mathematics Curriculum Standard" pointed out that, To the student mathematics study appraisal, must pay attention to the result which the student studies, must pay attention to the process which they studies, must pay attention to the student mathematics study the level, must pay attention to them the emotion and the manner which displays in mathematics activity. The development study appraisal method will have to breaktakes a testtakes the only appraisal method the monopoly.
　　1. qualitative appraisal and quantitative evaluation union.
　　Since long ago, the study appraisal exists take "hard" as the symbol real diagnosis appraisal method and take "is soft" as the symbol humanities appraisal method dividing line and the contradiction. Former too pays great attention to the quantification factor, some are unable the quantification matter of substance frequently to remove beside the appraisal. But latter although is unable in the appraisal process to guarantee objective is fair, but more considered person's need with the value, pays great attention to person's psychological feeling and the emotion experience, emphasized between the person and person's dialogue and the exchange, from suits the human nature angle to carry on the study appraisal. The development study appraisal should use determines the nature of the way which unifies with the quota, the quantitative evaluation may use the rank system, the qualitative appraisal may use the language description, two auxiliary succeeds one another. In mathematics study evaluation, should the more attention student already grasp any, which obtained to progress, has had any ability. Through the encouragement language, is objective, fairly, the comprehensive description student's study condition, fully affirmed student's progress and the development, simultaneously pointed out which aspects has the ON potential in, which aspects have the insufficiency. Like this is advantageous to the student sets up the study mathematics the confidence, is clear about the oneself diligently direction. Like; A student all can do to some topics, but the speed somewhat is actually slow. May carry on the appraisal like this: Superior (four stars), if makes topic speed again quick somewhat, that was five-star, was spirited! Hoped you continue to try hard, believed five-star can belong to you! After the student read this evaluation, obtains is the successful experience, learns mathematics the self-confidence, as well as strives for a bigger progress the power.
　　In rank appraisal, but also may act according to child's psychological characteristic, comes the image with the vivid interesting design the expression. If with the different styles of makeup, the different color, the different flowers, the different seal and so on expresses the rank.
　　2. ends appraises and forms the appraisal to pay equal attention to.
　　The former logarithm study study appraisal, only is takes a test the result fit and unfit quality by the student to take the evaluation criteria, like this inevitably can aggravate student's study burden, creates malpractice and so on school, teacher and student 重分数 light ability, heavy result light process, seriously has affected student's full scale development. The new appraisal idea request desalination score concept, pays attention to student's in study process change and the development, pays attention to student's emotion, the manner and the values formation and the development. Except the unit, 期末 evaluate after testing uses "the rank adds the evaluation" outside the way, should in the classroom, the work, with the oral praise, write in the work this on phrase, may receive "the growth record bag" center way and so on related reward, carries on to student's mathematics study at the right moment appraises, the display appraisal drive affects and improves the function.
　　The teacher in the daily teaching behavior, wants maximum limit to excavate student's flashing temperature, carries on "the drive type appraisal", for example: "Your idea is very unique!" "You used own wisdom to solve the problem!" This can form a formidable psychological propelling force in the student heart of hearts, produces in subconscious to the praise goal diligently pursue. Any student always has the individuality difference in the developing process, the teacher wants to embark from the reality, the difference treatment, achieves "a key to operate a lock". Has to the study sleepily examines, the study lacks the initiative student to say that, the teacher should complete "the anticipation type appraisal". For example: The student encounters the difficulty, replied when does not have the problem, the teacher may say: "You definitely can be good, again moves the brain, thinks well!" In the teacher sincere anticipation, the student can have the positive upward emotion experience, obtains successfully in the unceasing attempt. The teacher wants to respect the student the personality and the emotion, the use "admits the type appraisal", prevented the student forms feels inferior, is proud or deceives self and so on the wrong self- idea, student's emotion performance often different, the teacher should admit student's individuality performance, the change formerly non- to namely the wrong formula appraisal, manifested the appraisal the acceptability, urged student self- reconsidering, took length of the person, made up has been short. The teacher trusts, the kind emotion to the student reveals, not only can reduce the teachers and students both sides in psychology distance, enable the student to obtain the self and the psychology satisfies, moreover can arouse them to the teacher the trust and the love. Uses certain movements (for example applause, nod, racket pats shoulder, raises up big mother to refer to and so on) or the expression (smile, stares, knits the brows, silence and so on) and so on carries on"is intimate with the type appraisal", protects student's self-respect, lets the student obtain the positive psychological suggestion, the information which the gain drove.
　　Carries on when the appraisal to the student also may use the cartoon symbol or the design which some students likes, for example: Represents the opinion with "the red-crowned crane" uniquely, represents the independent thinking with "the small monkey", represents carefully with "the honey peak" earnest, represents the unity cooperation with "the goose", the representative raises doubts and difficulties with "the woodpecker", represents the work with "the pigeon" neatly, the like this richer Tong Qu appraisal way, can stimulate the student to be initiative, positively to participate in the learning activity.

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http://academic.org.cn/4/2007/1127/article_2888.html

发表于 @ 2007年11月28日　03:40:00 | 评论( loading... ) | 编辑| 举报| 收藏

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