手把手教你在友善之臂tiny4412上用uboot启动Linux内核

要想用uboot启动内核，我推荐一种方法，用dnw下载内核到开发板上，然后用uboot命令启动：

首先我在网上随便下了一个dnw工具，经过移植修改后，代码如下:

/*
YYX--->for tiny4412 dnw
version:20170423 
v1
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <malloc.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdint.h>

const char* dev = "/dev/secbulk0";
#define BLOCK_SIZE	(1*1024*1024)

struct download_buffer {
	uint32_t	load_addr;  /* load address */
	uint32_t	size; /* data size */
	uint8_t		data[0];
	/* uint16_t checksum; */
};

static int _download_buffer(struct download_buffer *buf)
{
	int fd_dev = open(dev, O_WRONLY);
	if( -1 == fd_dev) {
		printf("Can not open %s: %s\n", dev, strerror(errno));
		return -1;
	}

	printf("Writing data...\n");
	size_t remain_size = buf->size;
	size_t block_size = BLOCK_SIZE;
	size_t writed = 0;
	while(remain_size>0) {
		size_t to_write = remain_size > block_size ? block_size : remain_size;
		if( to_write != write(fd_dev, (unsigned char*)buf + writed, to_write)) {
			perror("write failed");
			close(fd_dev);
			return -1;
		}
		remain_size -= to_write;
		writed += to_write;
		printf("\r%02zu%%\t0x%08zX bytes (%zu K)",
			(size_t)((uint64_t)writed*100/(buf->size)),
			writed,
			writed/1024);
		fflush(stdout);
	}
	printf("\n");
	close(fd_dev);
	return 0;
}

static inline void cal_and_set_checksum(struct download_buffer *buf)
{
	uint16_t sum = 0;
	int i;

	for(i = 0; i < buf->size; i++) {
		sum += buf->data[i];
	}
	*((uint16_t*)(&((uint8_t*)buf)[buf->size - 2])) = sum;
}

static struct download_buffer* alloc_buffer(size_t data_size)
{
	struct download_buffer	*buffer = NULL;
	size_t total_size = data_size + sizeof(struct download_buffer) + 2;

	buffer = (typeof(buffer))malloc(total_size);
	if(NULL == buffer)
		return NULL;
	buffer->size = total_size;
	return buffer;
}

static void free_buffer(struct download_buffer *buf)
{
	free(buf);
}

static struct download_buffer *load_file(const char *path, unsigned long load_addr)
{
	struct stat		file_stat;
	struct download_buffer	*buffer = NULL;
	unsigned long		total_size;
	int			fd;

	fd = open(path, O_RDONLY);
	if(-1 == fd) {
		printf("Can not open file %s: %s\n", path, strerror(errno));
		return NULL;
	}

	if( -1 == fstat(fd, &file_stat) ) {
		perror("Get file size filed!\n");
		goto error;
	}	

	buffer = alloc_buffer(file_stat.st_size);
	if(NULL == buffer) {
		perror("malloc failed!\n");
		goto error;
	}
	if( file_stat.st_size !=  read(fd, buffer->data, file_stat.st_size)) {
		perror("Read file failed!\n");
		goto error;
	}

	buffer->load_addr = load_addr;
	cal_and_set_checksum(buffer);

	return buffer;

error:
	if(fd != -1)
		close(fd);
	if( NULL != buffer )
		free(buffer);
	return NULL;
}

static int download_file(const char *path, unsigned long load_addr)
{
	struct download_buffer *buffer;
	struct timeval __start, __end;
	long __time_val = 0;
	float speed = 0.0;

	buffer = load_file(path, load_addr);
	gettimeofday(&__start,NULL);
	if (buffer != NULL) {
		if (_download_buffer(buffer) == 0) {
			gettimeofday(&__end,NULL);
			__time_val = (long)(__end.tv_usec - __start.tv_usec)/1000 + \
				(long)(__end.tv_sec - __start.tv_sec) * 1000;
			speed = (float)buffer->size/__time_val/(1024*1024) * 1000;
			printf("speed: %fM/S\n",speed);
			free_buffer(buffer);
		} else {
			free_buffer(buffer);
			return -1;
		}
	} else
		return -1;
}

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
	unsigned load_addr = 0x57e00000;
	char* path = NULL;
	int	c;

	while ((c = getopt (argc, argv, "a:h")) != EOF)
	switch (c) {
	case 'a':
		load_addr = strtol(optarg, NULL, 16);
		continue;
	case '?':
	case 'h':
	default:
usage:
		printf("Usage: dwn [-a load_addr] <filename>\n");
		printf("Default load address: 0x57e00000\n");
		return 1;
	}
	if (optind < argc)
		path = argv[optind];
	else
		goto usage;

	printf("load address: 0x%08X\n", load_addr);
	if (download_file(path, load_addr) != 0) {
		return -1;
	}

	return 0;
}

然后我们还要写一个Makefile，用来编译dnw这个工具:

如下:

dnw : dnw.c
        gcc -g -o $@ $^
        
clean :
        rm -rf dnw *.o

install : dnw
        cp $^ /usr/bin

然后make , 编译成功

在当前目录下可以看到生成了dnw这个二进制文件。

接下来，我们还需要一个驱动secbulk,于是再去网上下载:

源码如下:

在源码中，我们看到:{ USB_DEVICE(0x04e8, 0x1234) }, /* EZTIN4412 */

这一行是我自己添加的，该驱动要知道4412开发板USB的设备ID还有厂商ID，这个信息可以通过lsusb来获得,如下:

查看方法如下：

(1)先在minicom中敲一下dnw,会弹出这个界面等待PC文件传输过来。

(2)然后回到PC端，敲lsusb命令，如图：

从上图，我们看到Samsung Electiornics Co. , Ltd , 所以得知开发板的ID是04e8:1234

所以以下代码就要添加这么一个ID：{ USB_DEVICE(0x04e8, 0x1234) }, /* EZTIN4412 */

#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/usb.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/mutex.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/uaccess.h>

#define SECBULK_MAJOR	102
#define SECBULK_MINOR	0
#define DRIVER_NAME	"secbulk"

#define BULKOUT_BUFFER_SIZE	(4*1024)

struct secbulk_dev
{
	struct usb_device *udev;
	struct mutex io_mutex;
	char*	bulkout_buffer;
	__u8	bulk_out_endpointAddr;
};

static struct usb_class_driver secbulk_class;

static struct usb_device_id secbulk_table[]= {
	{ USB_DEVICE(0x5345, 0x1234) }, /* FS2410 */
	{ USB_DEVICE(0x04e8, 0x1234) }, /* TINY4412 */
	{ }
};

static struct usb_driver secbulk_driver;
static void secbulk_disconnect(struct usb_interface *interface)
{
	struct secbulk_dev *dev = NULL;
	printk(KERN_INFO "secbulk:secbulk disconnected!\n");
	dev = usb_get_intfdata(interface);
	if( NULL != dev )
		kfree(dev);
	usb_deregister_dev(interface, &secbulk_class);
	return;
}

static ssize_t secbulk_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf, size_t len,
	loff_t *loff)
{
	return -EPERM;
}

static ssize_t secbulk_write(struct file *file, const char __user *buf,
	size_t len, loff_t *loff)
{
	size_t to_write;
	struct secbulk_dev *dev = file->private_data;
	int ret;
	int actual_length;
	size_t total_writed;
	
	total_writed = 0;
	while(len > 0) {
		to_write = min(len, BULKOUT_BUFFER_SIZE);
	
		if(copy_from_user(dev->bulkout_buffer, buf+total_writed,
				to_write)) {
			printk(KERN_ERR "secbulk:copy_from_user failed!\n");
			return -EFAULT;	
		}	

		ret = usb_bulk_msg(dev->udev,
				usb_sndbulkpipe(dev->udev, dev->bulk_out_endpointAddr),
				dev->bulkout_buffer,
				to_write,
				&actual_length,
				3*HZ);
		if(ret || actual_length!=to_write) {
			printk(KERN_ERR "secbulk:usb_bulk_msg failed!\n");
			return -EFAULT;
		}	
		len -= to_write;
		total_writed += to_write;
	}	
	return total_writed;
}

static int secbulk_open(struct inode *node, struct file *file)
{
	struct usb_interface *interface;
	struct secbulk_dev *dev;
	
	interface = usb_find_interface(&secbulk_driver, iminor(node));
	if(!interface)
		return -ENODEV;

	dev = usb_get_intfdata(interface);
	dev->bulkout_buffer = kzalloc(BULKOUT_BUFFER_SIZE, GFP_KERNEL);
	if(!(dev->bulkout_buffer))
		return -ENOMEM;
	if(!mutex_trylock(&dev->io_mutex))
		return -EBUSY;
	file->private_data = dev;

	return 0;
}

static int secbulk_release(struct inode *node, struct file *file)
{
	struct secbulk_dev *dev;

	dev = (struct secbulk_dev*)(file->private_data);
	kfree(dev->bulkout_buffer);
	mutex_unlock(&dev->io_mutex);
	return 0;
}

static struct file_operations secbulk_fops = {
	.owner 	=	THIS_MODULE,
	.read 	=	secbulk_read,
	.write	=	secbulk_write,
	.open   =	secbulk_open,
	.release=	secbulk_release,
};

static struct usb_class_driver secbulk_class = {
	.name = 	"secbulk%d",
	.fops =		&secbulk_fops,
	.minor_base=	100,
};

static int secbulk_probe(struct usb_interface *interface, const struct usb_device_id *id)
{
	int ret;
	struct secbulk_dev *dev;
	struct usb_host_interface *iface_desc;
	struct usb_endpoint_descriptor *endpoint;
	int i;

	printk(KERN_INFO "secbulk:secbulk probing...\n");
	
	dev = kzalloc(sizeof(*dev), GFP_KERNEL);
	if(!dev) {
		ret = -ENOMEM;
		goto error;
	}	

	iface_desc = interface->cur_altsetting;
	for(i=0; i < iface_desc->desc.bNumEndpoints; i++) {
		endpoint = &(iface_desc->endpoint[i].desc);
		if(!dev->bulk_out_endpointAddr
		&& usb_endpoint_is_bulk_out(endpoint)) {
			printk(KERN_INFO "secbulk:bulk out endpoint found!\n");
			dev->bulk_out_endpointAddr = endpoint->bEndpointAddress;
			break;
		}
	}
	
	if(!(dev->bulk_out_endpointAddr)) {
		ret = -EBUSY;
		goto error;
	}

	ret = usb_register_dev(interface, &secbulk_class);
	if(ret) {
		printk(KERN_ERR "secbulk: usb_register_dev failed!\n");
		return ret;
	}		
	dev->udev = usb_get_dev(interface_to_usbdev(interface));

	usb_set_intfdata(interface, dev);
	
	mutex_init(&dev->io_mutex);
	return 0;
error:
	if(!dev)
		kfree(dev);
	return ret;
}

static struct usb_driver secbulk_driver= {
	.name=		"secbulk",
	.probe=		secbulk_probe,
	.disconnect=	secbulk_disconnect,
	.id_table=	secbulk_table,
};
static int __init secbulk_init(void)
{
	int result;
	printk(KERN_INFO "secbulk:secbulk loaded\n");
	result = usb_register(&secbulk_driver);
	if(result) {
		printk(KERN_ERR "secbulk:usb_register failed: %d", result);
		return result;
	}		
	return 0;
}

static void __exit secbulk_exit(void)
{
	usb_deregister(&secbulk_driver);
	printk(KERN_INFO "secbulk:secbulk unloaded\n");
}

module_init(secbulk_init);
module_exit(secbulk_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");

接下来，我们来写一个Makefile:

#obj-m := secbulk.o
#secbulk-m := secbulk.o
obj-m := secbulk.o
KDIR := /lib/modules/`uname -r`/build
PWD  := $(shell pwd)

default:
	$(MAKE) -C $(KDIR) SUBDIRS=$(PWD) modules
clean:
	$(MAKE) -C $(KDIR) SUBDIRS=$(PWD) clean
	rm -rf *.order *.symvers

然后在当前目录下make

编译成功如下：

编译成功以后，需要执行

chmod 777 secbulk.ko

sudo insmod secbulk.ko将内核插入系统。

接下来，还要安装一个库，方法:

sudo apt-get install libusb-dev

万事具备，只欠东风，现在可以启动minicom来尝试下载内核了

方法如下:

(1)在minicom端执行dnw 0x40008000,如图:

(2)切换到另外一个终端

然后执行dnw arch/arm/boot/zImage

切换到minicom端看到下载成功如下图:

接下来，在uboot中敲击bootm 0x40008000,注意不要打tab按键，否则你回看到以下未识别的信息:

我们重新来一次：

成功启动内核!!!!