【翻译自mos文章】在RHEL7 or OEL7上安装oracle 11.2.0.4 db时的要求

在RHEL7 or OEL7上安装oracle 11.2.0.4 db时的要求
来源于：
Requirements for Installing Oracle 11.2.0.4 RDBMS on RHEL7 or OL7 64-bit (x86-64) (文档 ID 1962100.1)

适用于：
Oracle Database - Standard Edition - Version 11.2.0.4 to 11.2.0.4 [Release 11.2]
Oracle Database - Enterprise Edition - Version 11.2.0.4 to 11.2.0.4 [Release 11.2]
Linux x86-64

目的：
本文解释了在rhel7（or  higher 7.x version） 64-bit (x86-64)上成功安装Oracle database 11.2.0.4 所必须要满足的要求。
这些指导适用于cluster (RAC) or standalone / single instances.

你可以从My Oracle Support (patch 13390677) 下载11.2.0.4的介质

范围：
Since it is the expressed goal to keep Oracle Linux (OL) functionally IDENTICAL to RHEL，
本文也完全适用于 64-bit (x86-64) OL 7.0 (or higher 7.x version).

本文不适用于 GI 或者其他任何oracle 产品的安装与计划。
This procedure is not meant for those planning/installing Grid Infrastructure (GI) or any other Oracle products.
 
细节：
installing Oracle 11gR2 RDBMS release 11.2.0.4 64-bit on RHEL7 or OL7 64-bit (x86_64)的安装需求如下

I. 硬件：
 1. 最低硬件需求
    a)至少1GB物理内存
    b)swap满足下面的要求：
  

RAM	Swap Space
Between 1 GB and 2 GB	1.5 times the size of RAM
Between 2 GB and 16 GB	Equal to the size of RAM
More than 16 GB	16 GB

       注意： 上面的推荐（来自于 11.2 Database installation guide）是最低的推荐。
    c)/tmp至少1GB空间，并且要少于2TB空间。
    d)database software 至少需要4.4GB空间
    e)database 需要至少1.7G空间。
  2. Oracle database 在 ext2，ext3，ext4 和 xfs文件系统上受到支持（参见Note:236826.1 and Note 1632127.1 以获得更多信息）
 
II软件：
 1. As is specified in section 1.3.2 of the Oracle Database Installation Guide for 11gR2 on Linux (part number E24321-02), Oracle recommends that you install the Linux operating system with the default software packages (RPMs) and do not customize the RPMs during installation. For additional information on "default-RPMs", please see Note 376183.1, "Defining a "default RPMs" installation of the RHEL OS" or Note 401167.1, "Defining a "default RPMs" installation of the Oracle Enterprise Linux (OEL) OS".
 2. Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server 7.0 (or higher 7.x version) or Oracle Linux 7.0 (or higher 7.x version)
  注意：RHEL7 servers must be running Red Hat kernel 3.10.0-54.0.1.el7 (x86_64) or higher or 3.8.13-33.el7uek (x86_64) or higher with UEK kernel.
        OL7 servers must also be running kernel 3.8.13-33.el7uek (x86_64) or higher version. The product RHEL does not deliver UEK Kernel.
        Only in OL 7 UEK and RHCK Kernel is included.
 
 3. 需要的os 组件
  a) The exact version number details of this list are based upon 64-bit (x86_64) RHEL 7.0. When a higher "update" level is used, the RPM release numbers (such as 4.4.4-13) may be slightly different. Since updates of RHEL 7 are certified, this is fine so long as you are still using 64-bit Linux (x86_64) RHEL 7 RPMs.
  b) Some of the Install Guide requirements will already be present from the "default-RPMs" foundation of Linux that you started with: 

compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3
上面的这个包是新加的
译者注：
第一：
在On Linux x86-64 (OL7) or (RHEL7), Documents Fail to Index with DRG-11207: user filter command exited with status 127 (文档 ID 2110125.1)文档中，有如下字样：
compat-libstdc++-33 is a mandatory RPM for installing Oracle database 11.2.0.4 on Linux OL7 or RHEL7 64-bit OS.
因此，“compat-libstdc++-33”已经列入了“installing Oracle database 11.2.0.4 on Linux OL7 or RHEL7 64-bit OS”的必选包。
第二：
在2016-03-11看mos上的本文，上次主更新 是 2016-02-17；上次更新 也是2016-02-17


binutils-2.23.52.0.1-12.el7.x86_64 
compat-libcap1-1.10-3.el7.x86_64 
gcc-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64 
gcc-c++-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64 
glibc-2.17-36.el7.i686 
glibc-2.17-36.el7.x86_64 
glibc-devel-2.17-36.el7.i686 
glibc-devel-2.17-36.el7.x86_64 
ksh
libaio-0.3.109-9.el7.i686 
libaio-0.3.109-9.el7.x86_64 
libaio-devel-0.3.109-9.el7.i686 
libaio-devel-0.3.109-9.el7.x86_64 
libgcc-4.8.2-3.el7.i686 
libgcc-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64 
libstdc++-4.8.2-3.el7.i686 
libstdc++-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64 
libstdc++-devel-4.8.2-3.el7.i686 
libstdc++-devel-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64 
libXi-1.7.2-1.el7.i686 
libXi-1.7.2-1.el7.x86_64 
libXtst-1.2.2-1.el7.i686 
libXtst-1.2.2-1.el7.x86_64 
make-3.82-19.el7.x86_64 
sysstat-10.1.5-1.el7.x86_64

  4. Additional Required OS Components (per the runInstaller OUI)
     a) intentionally blank
      
  5. Additional Required OS Components (per this NOTE)
     a)请不要仓促（rush），跳过（skip）,最小化（minimize）这个关键步骤。这个list基于64bit的 "default-RPMs"的安装。
     Additional RPMs (beyond anything known to Oracle) may be needed if a "less-than-default-RPMs" installation of 64-bit (x86_64) RHEL Server 6 is performed. For more information, please refer to Note 376183.1, "Defining a "default RPMs" installation of the RHEL OS" or Note 401167.1, "Defining a "default RPMs" installation of the Oracle Enterprise Linux (OEL) OS".
     b)一些RPM包是需要作为上面RPM包列表的预先要求的RPM包：

cpp-4.8.2-16.el7.x86_64
glibc-headers-2.17-55.el7.x86_64
mpfr-3.1.1-4.el7.x86_64

   
   6. Oracle 全球客户支持（GCS）已经注意到最近的趋势，该趋势是起源于安装了太多的rpm包的而导致的问题，举例：
      a.) installing your own JDK version (prior to execute the Oracle Software runInstaller) is not needed on Linux, and is not recommended on Linux. A pre-existing JDK often interferes with the correct JDK that the Linux Oracle Software runInstaller will place and use.
      b.) installing more than the required version of the gcc / g++ RPMs often leads to accidentally using (aka enabling or activating) the incorrect one. If you have multiple RDBMS versions installed on the same Linux machine, then you will likely have to manage multiple versions of gcc /g++ . For more information, please see Note 444084.1, "Multiple gcc / g++ Versions in Linux"
   7. 在II中所有的RPM包都在Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 64-bit (x86_64)发行版介质中。
 
III 环境：
1. 修改/etc/sysctl.conf中的内核设置，见下。如果任何参数的当前值高于下面列示的值，那就不要修改这些参数的值。
范围值（比如net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range）必须精确匹配。

kernel.shmall = physical RAM size / pagesize For most systems, this will be the value 2097152. See Note 301830.1 for more information.
kernel.shmmax = 1/2 of physical RAM. This would be the value 2147483648 for a system with 4GB of physical RAM. See Note:567506.1 for more information.
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
fs.file-max = 512 x processes (for example 6815744 for 13312 processes)
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

2. 运行sysctl -p命令来激活上面的参数设置。

3.为oracle 用户设置 Shell Limits，假设使用Unix的操作系统用户oracle来完成安装工作，做如下的东西：
  a)将下面的内容加入到/etc/security/limits.conf 文件中：

oracle soft nproc 2047 
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536 
oracle soft stack 10240

b)验证最新版的PAM 已经被加载，如果不存在的话，在 /etc/pam.d/login 文件中添加如下内容：

session required pam_limits.so

c)验证当前的ulimits，and raise if needed。 这个可以通过很多方式来做， 在/etc/profile添加如下内容是推荐的方式：

if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
    if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
       ulimit -u 16384 
       ulimit -n 65536
    else
       ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
    fi
fi

4. The gcc-4.4.4 and gcc-c++-4.4.4 RPM items above will ensure that the correct gcc / g++ versions are installed. It is also required that you ensure that these correct gcc / g++ versions are active, and in-use. Ensure that the commands "gcc --version" and "g++ --version" each return "4.8.2".

5. hostname命令应该返回  fully qualified hostname，比如：

% hostname
hostname.domainname

6. 如果任何的JAVA package 在os上安装了，unset掉 Java environment variables，比如JAVA_HOME

7.安装oracle 11.2.0.4的os用户 不应该设置与Oracle 安装相关的变量，
比如在 .profile, .login file and /etc/profile.d 中设置 ORACLE_HOME, PATH, LD_LIBRARY_PATH 变量是应该完全避免的。
   a)设置$ORACLE_BASE 是推荐的， it eases a few prompts in the OUI runInstaller tool.
   b)当成功安装后，推荐设置 $ORACLE_HOME， 推荐在$PATH的一开头加入$ORACLE_HOME/bin
8.默认时，RHEL 7 x86_64 Linux的 Selinux 是”enforcing“的，这对于11gR2是没问题的，但是，为了后续运行sqlplus命令，请切换Selinux 到”Permissive“ 模式。
  参见  NOTE 454196.1, "./sqlplus: error on libnnz11.so: cannot restore segment prot after reloc" for more details.
 
9. 以oracle用户登陆，执行如下的命令进行安装：

$ ./runInstaller -ignorePrereq

 a)最佳实践是不要使用任何形式的su来启动runInstaller，为了避免潜在的与显示相关的问题。
 b)当执行11.2.0.4安装时，请确保runInstaller来源于11.2.0.4
 c)当执行11.2.0.x后续的补丁时，请确保runInstaller来源于该后续补丁。

已知问题：
Known Issue :

01) The installer needs to be launched with "-ignorePrereq" option due to unpublished bug 19947777. This issue occurs since Oracle Linux 7 was not released when Oracle database 11.2.0.4 was made available and hence was not certified. However, Oracle 11.2.0.4 is now certified on OL7. Refer Note 1962046.1 for details.

02) Compilation fails for target 'relink_exe' fails with "undefined reference to symbol ‘B_DestroyKeyObject’" error and is reported in unpublished bug 19692824. The solution is to install patch 19692824 as documented in Note 1965691.1.

额外注意事项：
1. Supported distributions of the 32-bit (x86) Linux OS can run on on AMD64/EM64T and Intel Processor Chips that adhere to the x86_64 architecture
    a.) Oracle 32-bit Database Server running on AMD64/EM64T with 32-bit OS is supported, but is NOT covered by this NOTE.
    b.) Oracle 32-bit Database Server running on AMD64/EM64T with 64-bit OS is not certified and is not supported.
    c.) Oracle 32-bit Database Client running on AMD64/EM64T with 64-bit OS is expected to be supported, but is NOT covered by this NOTE.

2. Asynchronous I/O on ext2 and ext3 file systems is supported if your scsi/fc driver supports that functionality. 

Note : Asynchronous I/O on Ext4 file system is supported with Oracle 10g onwards on OEL5.6 and later.
Reference : Oracle Linux, Filesystem & I/O Type Supportability (Note 279069.1)

3. No extra patch is required for the DIRECTIO support for x86_64.

4. No LD_ASSUME_KERNEL value should be used with the 11gR2 product.

5. The following rpm command can be used to distinguish between a 32-bit or 64-bit package.   

# rpm -qa --queryformat "%{NAME}-%{VERSION}-%{RELEASE} (%{ARCH})\n" | grep glibc-devel
glibc-devel-2.12-1.7(x86_64)
glibc-devel-2.12-1.7(i686)