马上要开发一个新的项目,最近感觉spring mvc势头比较猛,就了解了一下,以前觉得spring mvc用起来较麻烦,所以一直用struts2,但了解了一下spring3 mvc,一下子就喜欢上了它,下个项目决定就用它了,RESTful URL、几乎0配置、不需要实现任何接口或继承任何类的Controller、方法级别的拦截,一个方法对应一个url、灵活的方法参数和返回值、多种view、处理ajax的请求更是方便...
下面的小例子用了spring mvc和hibernate,只是简单的用户增删改查,没有用ajax,ajax的版本在这里:Spring3 MVC + jQuery easyUI 做的ajax版本用户管理(http://www.iteye.com/topic/1081739),给和我一样准备用spring mvc的朋友参考一下吧。jar包如图:
web.xml如下:
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <web-app version="2.5" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
- xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
- xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
- http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">
- <!-- 默认的spring配置文件是在WEB-INF下的applicationContext.xml -->
- <listener>
- <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
- </listener>
- <filter>
- <filter-name>Set Character Encoding</filter-name>
- <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
- <init-param>
- <param-name>encoding</param-name>
- <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
- </init-param>
- <init-param>
- <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
- <param-value>true</param-value><!-- 强制进行转码 -->
- </init-param>
- </filter>
- <filter-mapping>
- <filter-name>Set Character Encoding</filter-name>
- <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
- </filter-mapping>
- <!-- 默认所对应的配置文件是WEB-INF下的{servlet-name}-servlet.xml,这里便是:spring3-servlet.xml -->
- <servlet>
- <servlet-name>spring3</servlet-name>
- <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
- <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
- </servlet>
- <servlet-mapping>
- <servlet-name>spring3</servlet-name>
- <!-- 这里可以用 / 但不能用 /* ,拦截了所有请求会导致静态资源无法访问,所以要在spring3-servlet.xml中配置mvc:resources -->
- <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
- </servlet-mapping>
- <welcome-file-list>
- <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
- </welcome-file-list>
- </web-app>
applicationContext.xml如下:
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
- xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
- xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
- xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
- xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
- xsi:schemaLocation="
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd" default-autowire="byName">
- <!-- 注意上面的default-autowire="byName",如果没有这个声明那么HibernateDaoSupport中的sessionFactory不会被注入 -->
- <!-- 约定优于配置,约定优于配置 -->
- <bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource">
- <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"></property>
- <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/test"></property>
- <property name="username" value="root"></property>
- <property name="password" value="root"></property>
- </bean>
- <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
- <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
- <property name="mappingDirectoryLocations">
- <list><!-- 这里直接映射的pojo类所在的包,简单方便不用没次加一个pojo类都需要到这里来添加 -->
- <value>classpath:com/fsj/spring/model</value>
- </list>
- </property>
- <property name="hibernateProperties">
- <props>
- <prop key="hibernate.dialect">
- org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect
- </prop>
- <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">
- true
- </prop>
- </props>
- </property>
- </bean>
- <!-- 自动扫描组件,这里要把web下面的 controller去除,他们是在spring3-servlet.xml中配置的,如果不去除会影响事务管理的。-->
- <context:component-scan base-package="com.fsj.spring">
- <context:exclude-filter type="regex" expression="com.fsj.spring.web.*"/>
- </context:component-scan>
- <!-- 下面是配置声明式事务管理的,个人感觉比用注解管理事务要简单方便 -->
- <bean id="txManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
- <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"></property>
- </bean>
- <aop:config>
- <aop:advisor pointcut="execution(* com.fsj.spring.service.*Service.*(..))" advice-ref="txAdvice"/>
- </aop:config>
- <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="txManager">
- <tx:attributes>
- <tx:method name="get*" read-only="true"/>
- <tx:method name="query*" read-only="true"/>
- <tx:method name="find*" read-only="true"/>
- <tx:method name="load*" read-only="true"/>
- <tx:method name="*" rollback-for="Exception"/>
- </tx:attributes>
- </tx:advice>
- </beans>
spring3-servlet.xml如下:
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
- xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
- xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
- xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
- xsi:schemaLocation="
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd" default-autowire="byName">
- <!-- 约定优于配置,约定优于配置 -->
- <!-- 配置静态资源,直接映射到对应的文件夹,不被DispatcherServlet处理,3.04新增功能,需要重新设置spring-mvc-3.0.xsd -->
- <mvc:resources mapping="/img/**" location="/img/"/>
- <mvc:resources mapping="/js/**" location="/js/"/>
- <mvc:resources mapping="/css/**" location="/css/"/>
- <!-- 扫描所有的controller -->
- <context:component-scan base-package="com.fsj.spring.web" />
- <!-- InternalResourceViewResolver默认的就是JstlView所以这里就不用配置viewClass了 -->
- <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
- <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/view/"></property>
- <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
- </bean>
- <!-- 启用基于注解的处理器映射,添加拦截器,类级别的处理器映射 -->
- <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping">
- <property name="interceptors">
- <list>
- <bean class="com.fsj.spring.util.MyHandlerInterceptor"/>
- </list>
- </property>
- </bean>
- <!--
- 配置一个基于注解的定制的WebBindingInitializer,解决日期转换问题,方法级别的处理器映射,
- 有人说该bean要放在context:component-scan前面,要不然不起作用,但我试的放后面也可以啊。
- -->
- <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter">
- <property name="cacheSeconds" value="0" />
- <property name="webBindingInitializer">
- <bean class="com.fsj.spring.util.MyWebBinding" />
- </property>
- </bean>
- </beans>
log4j的就不贴出来了。
两个HelloWorldController如下:
- package com.fsj.spring.web;
- import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
- import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
- import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
- /*
- * 不需要实现任何接口,也不需要继承任何的类
- */
- @Controller
- public class HelloWorldController {
- /**
- * 方法都可以接受的参数(参数数量和顺序没有限制): HttpServletRequest,HttpServletResponse,HttpSession(session必须是可用的) ,PrintWriter,Map,Model,@PathVariable(任意多个), @RequestParam(任意多个), @CookieValue (任意多个),@RequestHeader,Object(pojo对象) ,BindingResult等等
- *
- * 返回值可以是:String(视图名),void(用于直接response),ModelAndView,Map ,Model,任意其它任意类型的对象(默认放入model中,名称即类型的首字母改成小写),视图名默认是请求路径
- */
- @RequestMapping("/helloWorld")
- public ModelAndView helloWorld() {
- ModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView();
- mav.setViewName("login");
- mav.addObject("message", "Hello World!");
- return mav;
- }
- }
- package com.fsj.spring.web;
- import java.util.List;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
- import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;
- import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
- import org.springframework.ui.Model;
- import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
- import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
- import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
- import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
- import com.fsj.spring.model.TDept;
- import com.fsj.spring.model.TUser;
- import com.fsj.spring.service.IDeptService;
- import com.fsj.spring.service.IUserService;
- import com.fsj.spring.util.Constants;
- @Controller
- @RequestMapping("/user")
- public class UserController {
- private IUserService userService;
- private IDeptService deptService;
- public IDeptService getDeptService() {
- return deptService;
- }
- public void setDeptService(IDeptService deptService) {
- this.deptService = deptService;
- }
- public IUserService getUserService() {
- return userService;
- }
- public void setUserService(IUserService userService) {
- this.userService = userService;
- }
- @RequestMapping(value="/login",method=RequestMethod.POST)
- public String login(@RequestParam String name,@RequestParam String password,Model model,HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception{
- TUser user1 = userService.getUserByName(name);
- if(user1 == null) {
- model.addAttribute("message", "用户不存在");
- return "login";
- }else if(password == null || !password.equals(user1.getPassword()) ){
- model.addAttribute("message", "密码错误");
- return "login";
- }else {
- request.getSession().setAttribute(Constants.USER_INFO_SESSION, user1);
- return "welcome";
- }
- }
- @RequestMapping(value="/login1",method=RequestMethod.POST)
- public String login1(TUser user,HttpServletRequest request,Model model) throws Exception{
- TUser user1 = userService.getUserByName(user.getName());
- if(user1 == null) {
- model.addAttribute("message", "用户不存在");
- return "login";
- }else if(user.getPassword() == null || !user.getPassword().equals(user1.getPassword()) ){
- model.addAttribute("message", "密码错误");
- return "login";
- }else {
- request.getSession().setAttribute(Constants.USER_INFO_SESSION, user1);
- return "welcome";
- }
- }
- @RequestMapping(value="/list")
- public String list(Model model,HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {
- List<TUser> userList = userService.getUserList();
- model.addAttribute("userList", userList);
- List<TDept> deptList = deptService.getDeptList();
- model.addAttribute("deptList", deptList);
- if(StringUtils.isNotBlank(request.getParameter("resMess")) && StringUtils.isNotBlank(request.getParameter("opeMess"))) {
- model.addAttribute("message",setOperateMessage(request.getParameter("resMess"),request.getParameter("opeMess"),"用户"));
- }
- return "user/list";
- }
- private String setOperateMessage(String resMess,String opeMess,String modMess) {
- //TODO 以后可以和写日志结合在一起
- String ope = "";
- String res = "";
- if(Constants.OPERATE_TYPE_ADD.equals(opeMess)) {
- ope = "增加";
- }else if(Constants.OPERATE_TYPE_UPDATE.equals(opeMess)) {
- ope = "更新";
- }else if(Constants.OPERATE_TYPE_DELETE.equals(opeMess)) {
- ope = "删除";
- }
- if(Constants.RESULT_SUCCESS.equals(resMess)) {
- res = "成功";
- }else if(Constants.RESULT_FAILED.equals(resMess)) {
- res = "失败";
- }
- return ope + modMess + res;
- }
- /*
- * 同样的请求路径 user/add 如果是get请求就转到增加页面去,如果是post请求就做add操作
- */
- @RequestMapping(value="/add",method=RequestMethod.GET)
- public String toAdd(Model model) throws Exception{
- List<TDept> deptList = deptService.getDeptList();
- model.addAttribute("deptList", deptList);
- return "user/add";
- }
- @RequestMapping(value="/add",method=RequestMethod.POST)
- public String doAdd(TUser user,Model model) throws Exception{
- try {
- userService.addUser(user);
- model.addAttribute("resMess", Constants.RESULT_SUCCESS);
- } catch (Exception e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- model.addAttribute("resMess", Constants.RESULT_FAILED);
- throw e;
- }
- model.addAttribute("opeMess", Constants.OPERATE_TYPE_ADD);
- //重定向,防止重复提交,当然这样不能完全解决重复提交的问题,只是简单处理一下,若要较好的防止重复提交可以结合token做,
- //以“/”开关,相对于当前项目根路径,不以“/”开关,相对于当前路径
- //return "redirect:/user/list";
- return "redirect:list";
- }
- /*
- * Restful模式路径:
- * 注意这里/update/{id}和@PathVariable("id")中id要一致,这样不管用debug模式还是release模式编译都没问题
- * 也可以简写成@PathVariable int id,但这样只能以debug模式编译的时候正确,如果用release编译就不正确了,因为如果用release模式编译会把参数的名字改变的
- * 一般IDE工具都是以debug模式编译的,javac是以release模式编译的
- * 同样的请求路径 user/update 如果是get请求就转到增加页面去,如果是post请求就做update操作
- */
- @RequestMapping(value="/update/{id}",method=RequestMethod.GET)
- public String toUpdate(@PathVariable("id") int id, Model model) throws Exception{
- model.addAttribute("user",userService.getUserById(id));
- model.addAttribute("deptList", deptService.getDeptList());
- return "user/update";
- }
- @RequestMapping(value="/update/{id}",method=RequestMethod.POST)
- public String doUpdate(@PathVariable("id") int id, TUser user,Model model) throws Exception{
- try {
- userService.updateUser(user);
- model.addAttribute("resMess", Constants.RESULT_SUCCESS);
- } catch (Exception e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- model.addAttribute("resMess", Constants.RESULT_FAILED);
- throw e;
- }
- model.addAttribute("opeMess", Constants.OPERATE_TYPE_UPDATE);
- //return "redirect:../list";
- //重定向,防止重复提交,以“/”开关,相对于当前项目根路径,不以“/”开关,相对于当前路径
- return "redirect:/user/list";
- }
- @RequestMapping(value="/delete/{id}")
- public String delete(@PathVariable("id") int id,Model model)throws Exception{
- try {
- userService.deleteUser(id);
- model.addAttribute("resMess", Constants.RESULT_SUCCESS);
- } catch (Exception e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- model.addAttribute("resMess", Constants.RESULT_FAILED);
- throw e;
- }
- model.addAttribute("opeMess", Constants.OPERATE_TYPE_DELETE);
- return "redirect:/user/list";//重定向
- }
- }
下面的例子中没有jar包,jar太大了超过10M了,请自己加jar包
在编码过程中曾遇到过以下问题,都一一解决了:
1.静态资源无法访问,解决办法用:mvc:resources,不过mvc:resources是3.04新增功能,用的时候需要设置一下xml catalog,使用新的spring-mvc-3.0.xsd
- <!-- 配置静态资源,直接映射到对应的文件夹,不被DispatcherServlet处理,3.04新增功能,需要重新设置spring-mvc-3.0.xsd -->
- <mvc:resources mapping="/img/**" location="/img/"/>
- <mvc:resources mapping="/js/**" location="/js/"/>
- <mvc:resources mapping="/css/**" location="/css/"/>
2.自动注入日期格式转换错误问题,解决办法:定制一个WebBindingInitialize,注册一个自定义的属性编辑器
- <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter">
- <property name="cacheSeconds" value="0" />
- <property name="webBindingInitializer">
- <bean class="com.fsj.spring.util.MyWebBinding" />
- </property>
- </bean>
- package com.fsj.spring.util;
- import java.util.Date;
- import org.springframework.web.bind.WebDataBinder;
- import org.springframework.web.bind.support.WebBindingInitializer;
- import org.springframework.web.context.request.WebRequest;
- public class MyWebBinding implements WebBindingInitializer {
- public void initBinder(WebDataBinder binder, WebRequest request) {
- //1. 使用spring自带的CustomDateEditor
- //SimpleDateFormat dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
- //binder.registerCustomEditor(Date.class, new CustomDateEditor(dateFormat, true));
- //2. 自定义的PropertyEditorSupport
- binder.registerCustomEditor(Date.class, new DateConvertEditor());
- }
- }
- package com.fsj.spring.util;
- import java.beans.PropertyEditorSupport;
- import java.text.ParseException;
- import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
- import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
- public class DateConvertEditor extends PropertyEditorSupport {
- private SimpleDateFormat datetimeFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
- private SimpleDateFormat dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
- public void setAsText(String text) throws IllegalArgumentException {
- if (StringUtils.hasText(text)) {
- try {
- if (text.indexOf(":") == -1 && text.length() == 10) {
- setValue(this.dateFormat.parse(text));
- } else if (text.indexOf(":") > 0 && text.length() == 19) {
- setValue(this.datetimeFormat.parse(text));
- }else{
- throw new IllegalArgumentException("Could not parse date, date format is error ");
- }
- } catch (ParseException ex) {
- IllegalArgumentException iae = new IllegalArgumentException("Could not parse date: " + ex.getMessage());
- iae.initCause(ex);
- throw iae;
- }
- } else {
- setValue(null);
- }
- }
- }
3. 之前做项目有时会忘记添加hirbernate的映射文件,所以把sessionFactory的配置改成
- <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
- <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
- <property name="mappingDirectoryLocations">
- <list><!-- 这里直接映射的pojo类所在的包,简单方便不用没次加一个pojo类都需要到这里来添加 -->
- <value>classpath:com/fsj/spring/model</value>
- </list>
- </property>
- <property name="hibernateProperties">
- <props>
- <prop key="hibernate.dialect">
- org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect
- </prop>
- <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">
- true
- </prop>
- </props>
- </property>
- </bean>
4. 事务管理失效问题,解决办法:在applicationContext.xml中的自动扫描组件要除去扫描controller,在spring3-servlet.xml中扫描controller
applicationContext.xml中
- <context:component-scan base-package="com.fsj.spring">
- <context:exclude-filter type="regex" expression="com.fsj.spring.web.*"/>
- </context:component-scan>
spring3-servlet.xml中
<context:component-scan base-package="com.fsj.spring.web" />
5. 用Interceptor做简单的权限控制:
- <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping">
- <property name="interceptors">
- <list>
- <bean class="com.fsj.spring.util.MyHandlerInterceptor"/>
- </list>
- </property>
- </bean>
- package com.fsj.spring.util;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
- import org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.HandlerInterceptorAdapter;
- public class MyHandlerInterceptor extends HandlerInterceptorAdapter {
- @Override
- public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request,
- HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
- //就简单判断了一下,如果要详细控制可以用spring security
- String url = request.getRequestURI();
- if(url.endsWith("helloWorld") || url.endsWith("user/login") || url.endsWith("user/login1"))
- return true;
- if(request.getSession() != null && request.getSession().getAttribute(Constants.USER_INFO_SESSION) != null)
- return true;
- response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath() + "/helloWorld");
- return false;
- }
- }
引用
<!-- 启用基于注解的处理器映射,添加拦截器,类级别的处理器映射 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping">
<property name="interceptors">
<list>
<bean class="com.fsj.spring.util.MyHandlerInterceptor"/>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
这个配置可以用mvc的标签配置更方便点,个人感觉
- <!-- 针对类、方法级别的权限拦截器 -->
- <mvc:interceptors>
- <!-- 管理员的权限拦截器 -->
- <mvc:interceptor>
- <mvc:mapping path="/adminhome/*" />
- <mvc:mapping path="/roles/*" />
- <mvc:mapping path="/sysuser/*" />
- <mvc:mapping path="/record/*" />
- <mvc:mapping path="/deliver/*" />
- <mvc:mapping path="/sysmonitor/*" />
- <mvc:mapping path="/moduleconf/*" />
- <mvc:mapping path="/business/*" />
- <mvc:mapping path="/userapp/*" />
- <mvc:mapping path="/payment/*" />
- <bean class="com..web.interceptor.LoginInterceptor"></bean>
- </mvc:interceptor>
- <!-- 普通用户的权限拦截器 -->
- <mvc:interceptor>
- <mvc:mapping path="/userhome/*" />
- <mvc:mapping path="/user/*" />
- <bean class="com..web.interceptor.PhoneUserLoginInterceptor"></bean>
- </mvc:interceptor>
- </mvc:interceptors>
嗯,看着你用mvc标签的配置是方便些,还有什么好的见意,希望多讨论下。