从源码分析 Android dexClassLoader 加载机制原理

  一直想了解  Android 动态加载类的原理，今天抽空分析了下DexClassLoader 源码

  DexClassLoader 是加载包含classes.dex文件的jar文件或者apk文件；   通过构造函数发现需要一个应用私有的，可写的目录去缓存优化的classes。可以用使用File dexoutputDir = context.getDir(“dex”,0);创建一个这样的目录，不要使用外部缓存，以保护你的应用被代码注入。

其源码如下：

public classDexClassLoaderextendsBaseDexClassLoader {

    /**
     * Creates a {
   @code DexClassLoader} that finds interpreted and native
     * code.  Interpreted classes are found in a set of DEX files contained
     * in Jar or APK files.
     *
     * <p>The path lists are separated using the character specified by the
     * {
   @code path.separator} system property, which defaults to {
   @code :}.
     *
     * @param dexPath the list of jar/apk files containing classes and
     *     resources, delimited by {
   @code File.pathSeparator}, which
     *     defaults to {
   @code ":"} on Android
     * @param optimizedDirectory directory where optimized dex files
     *     should be written; must not be {
   @code null}
     * @param libraryPath the list of directories containing native
     *     libraries, delimited by {
   @code File.pathSeparator}; may be
     *     {
   @code null}
     * @param parent the parent class loader
     */
    public DexClassLoader(String dexPath, String optimizedDirectory,
            String libraryPath, ClassLoader parent) {
        super(dexPath, new File(optimizedDirectory), libraryPath, parent);
    }
}

再解释下几个构造函数参数的意义：

dexpath为jar或apk文件目录。

optimizedDirectory为优化dex缓存目录。

libraryPath包含native lib的目录路径。

parent父类加载器。

然后执行的是父类的构造函数：

super(dexPath, new File(optimizedDirectory), libraryPath, parent);

BaseDexClassLoader 的构造函数如下：

public BaseDexClassLoader(String dexPath, File optimizedDirectory,String libraryPath, ClassLoader parent) {
    super(parent);
    this.pathList = new DexPathList(this, dexPath, libraryPath, optimizedDirectory);
}

第一句调用的还是父类的构造函数，也就是ClassLoader的构造函数：

protected ClassLoader(ClassLoader parentLoader) {
        this(parentLoader, false);
    }
    /*
     * constructor for the BootClassLoader which needs parent to be null.
     */
    ClassLoader(ClassLoader parentLoader, boolean nullAllowed) {
       if (parentLoader == null && !nullAllowed) {
            throw new NullPointerException(“parentLoader == null && !nullAllowed”);
      }
      parent = parentLoader;
}

该构造函数把传进来的父类加载器赋给了私有变量parent。

再来看第二句：

this.pathList = new DexPathList(this, dexPath, libraryPath, optimizedDirectory);

pathList为该类的私有成员变量，类型为DexPathList，进入到DexPathList函数：

/**
     * Constructs an instance.
     *
     * @param definingContext the context in which any as-yet unresolved
     * classes should be defined
     * @param dexPath list of dex/resource path elements, separated by
     * {
   @code File.pathSeparator}
     * @param libraryPath list of native library directory path elements,
     * separated by {
   @code File.pathSeparator}
     * @param optimizedDirectory directory where optimized {
   @code .dex} files
     * should be found and written to, or {
   @code null} to use the default
     * system directory for same
     */
    public DexPathList(ClassLoader definingContext, String dexPath,
            String libraryPath, File optimizedDirectory) {

        if (definingContext == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException("definingContext == null");
        }

        if (dexPath == null) {