java中提供了futuretask供异步任务使用。可以将一个任务提交给后台线程执行,当需要执行结果的时候调用task.get函数。
如果后台线程还没有执行完,那么task.get将会阻塞,直到后台线程返回。如果后台线程已经执行完,则直接返回结果。
package com.z;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.concurrent.*;
public class T {
public static void main(String[] args) {
fun();
}
public static void fun() {
ExecutorService executor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
FutureTask<String> task = new FutureTask<String>(new Callable<String>() {
@Override
public String call() throws Exception {
long b = new Date().getTime();
System.out.println("call begin " + b);
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
for (int i = 0; i < 100000; i++) {
sb.append(i).append(",");
}
System.out.println("call end " + (new Date().getTime() - b));
return sb.toString();
}
});
executor.execute(task);
long begin = new Date().getTime();
System.out.println("begin" + begin);
try {
// System.out.println(task.get());
task.get();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ExecutionException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("end " + (new Date().getTime() - begin));
begin = new Date().getTime();
System.out.println("begin" + begin);
try {
task.get();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ExecutionException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("end " + (new Date().getTime() - begin));
executor.shutdown();
}
}
demo的输出:
begin1409478497265
call begin 1409478497265
call end 30
end 31
begin1409478497296
end 0
从emo的代码可以看出,第一次调用.get函数耗时比较久。而第二次调用耗时为0。
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java中有Future和FutureTask这两个类,他们区别是什么呢?
Future是一个接口,代表可以取消的任务,并可以获得任务的执行结果
FutureTask 是基本的实现了Future和runnable接口
实现runnable接口,说明可以把FutureTask实例传入到Thread中,在一个新的线程中执行。
实现Future接口,说明可以从FutureTask中通过get取到任务的返回结果,也可以取消任务执行(通过interreput中断)
FutureTask is an implementation of Future. You can explicitly instantiate a FutureTask for a given Runnable or Callable. A FutureTask can be submitted to an Executor for execution as FutureTask implements Runnable. FutureTask can also be executed directly by calling its run method. Once a FutureTask enters the completed state, it stays in that state forever. If the task is completed. FutureTask constructors can accept either Callable or Runnable.