在Hive中使用Avro

http://www.iteblog.com/archives/1007

为了解析Avro格式的数据，我们可以在Hive建表的时候用下面语句：

01	hive> CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE tweets

02	> COMMENT "A table backed by Avro data with the

03	>        Avro schema embedded in the CREATE TABLE statement"

04	> ROW FORMAT SERDE 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.avro.AvroSerDe'

05	> STORED AS

06	> INPUTFORMAT  'org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.avro.AvroContainerInputFormat'

07	> OUTPUTFORMAT 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.avro.AvroContainerOutputFormat'

08	> LOCATION '/user/wyp/examples/input/'

09	> TBLPROPERTIES (

10	>    'avro.schema.literal'='{

11	>        "type": "record",

12	>        "name": "Tweet",

13	>        "namespace": "com.miguno.avro",

14	>        "fields": [

15	>            { "name":"username",  "type":"string"},

16	>            { "name":"tweet",     "type":"string"},

17	>            { "name":"timestamp", "type":"long"}

18	>        ]

19

>   }'

20

> );

21

OK

22	Time taken: 0.076 seconds

23

24	hive> describe tweets;

25

OK

26	username                string                  from deserializer

27	tweet                   string                  from deserializer

28	timestamp               bigint                  from deserializer

然后用Snappy压缩我们需要的数据，下面是压缩前我们的数据：

01

{

02	"username": "miguno",

03	"tweet": "Rock: Nerf paper, scissors is fine.",

04	"timestamp": 1366150681

05

},

06

{

07	"username": "BlizzardCS",

08	"tweet": "Works as intended.  Terran is IMBA.",

09	"timestamp": 1366154481

10

},

11

{

12	"username": "DarkTemplar",

13	"tweet": "From the shadows I come!",

14	"timestamp": 1366154681

15

},

16

{

17	"username": "VoidRay",

18	"tweet": "Prismatic core online!",

19	"timestamp": 1366160000

20

}

压缩完的数据假如存放在/home/wyp/twitter.avsc文件中，我们将这个数据复制到HDFS中的/user/wyp/examples/input/目录下：

1	hadoop fs -put /home/wyp/twitter.avro  /user/wyp/examples/input/

然后我们就可以在Hive中使用了：

1	hive> select * from tweets limit 5;;

2

OK

3	miguno  Rock: Nerf paper, scissors is fine. 1366150681

4	BlizzardCS  Works as intended.  Terran is IMBA. 1366154481

5	DarkTemplar From the shadows I come!    1366154681

6	VoidRay Prismatic core online!  1366160000

7	Time taken: 0.495 seconds, Fetched: 4 row(s)

当然，我们也可以将avro.schema.literal中的

01

{

02	"type": "record",

03	"name": "Tweet",

04	"namespace": "com.miguno.avro",

05	"fields": [

06

{

07	"name": "username",

08	"type": "string"

09

},

10

{

11	"name": "tweet",

12	"type": "string"

13

},

14

{

15	"name": "timestamp",

16	"type": "long"

17

}

18

]

19

}

存放在一个文件中，比如：twitter.avsc,然后上面的建表语句就可以修改为：

01	CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE tweets

02	COMMENT "A table backed by Avro data with the Avro schema stored in HDFS"

03	ROW FORMAT SERDE 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.avro.AvroSerDe'

04

STORED AS

05	INPUTFORMAT  'org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.avro.AvroContainerInputFormat'

06	OUTPUTFORMAT 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.avro.AvroContainerOutputFormat'

07	LOCATION '/user/wyp/examples/input/'

08	TBLPROPERTIES (

09	'avro.schema.url'='hdfs:///user/wyp/examples/schema/twitter.avsc'

10

);

效果和上面的一样。

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