链接:http://acm.hdu.edu.cn/showproblem.php?pid=4790
题意:从【a,b】中随机找出一个数字x,从【c,d】中随机找出一个数字y,给出p,m,如果(x+y)%p==m则算成功,问成功的概率是多少。
思路:【a,b】中连续p个数,【c,d】中连续p个数,用这2*p个数进行组合能找到p种的成功组合(具体不证),所以找到【a,b】中p循环的个数x1,【c,d】中p循环的个数y1,则它们组成的成功组合数为p*x1*y1。
然后是处理边界的问题,首先x或y处于边界的数的数量一定不超过p-1个,设分别有x2,y2个,这x2,y2个数一定能在对应的每个循环中找到对应的成功组合,所以还要多出x2*y1+y2*x1个成功组合数。
最后还要在这x2,y2个数里找到互相对应的数,因为要求x2+y2 ≡ m(mod p),所以(m-x2) ≡ y2(mod p),然后找到它们重叠的部分即可。
代码:
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <cmath>
#include <map>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <queue>
#include <stack>
#include <vector>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <algorithm>
#include <string>
#include <set>
#define PI acos(-1.0)
#define maxn 10005
#define INF 0x7fffffff
#define eps 1e-8
typedef long long LL;
typedef unsigned long long ULL;
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int T;
scanf("%d",&T);
for(int ii=1; ii<=T; ii++)
{
LL a,b,c,d,p,m;
scanf("%I64d%I64d%I64d%I64d%I64d%I64d",&a,&b,&c,&d,&p,&m);
LL x=b-a+1,y=d-c+1;
LL xx=(b-a+1)/p;
LL yy=(d-c+1)/p;
LL xxx=x-xx*p;
LL yyy=y-yy*p;
LL t=xx*yy*p;
LL fm=x*y;
t+=xxx*yy;
t+=yyy*xx;
if(xxx!=0&&yyy!=0)
{
LL head=a%p;
LL tail=b%p;
LL head1=((m-tail)%p+p)%p;
LL tail1=((m-head)%p+p)%p;
LL head2=c%p;
LL tail2=d%p;
//cout<<head1<<" "<<tail1<<" "<<head2<<" "<<tail2<<endl;
if(tail1>=head1&&tail2>=head2)
t+=(max(0LL,(min(tail2,tail1)-max(head1,head2))+1));
else if(tail1>=head1&&tail2<head2)
{
if(tail1<=tail2)
t+=max(0LL,tail1-head1+1);
else if(tail1>tail2&&tail1<head2)
t+=max(0LL,tail2-head1+1);
else t+=max(0LL,tail1-max(head1,head2)+1)+max(0LL,tail2-head1+1);
}
else if(tail2>=head2&&tail1<head1)
{
if(tail2<=tail1)
t+=max(0LL,tail2-head2+1);
else if(tail2>tail1&&tail2<head1)
t+=max(0LL,tail1-head2+1);
else t+=max(0LL,tail2-max(head1,head2)+1)+max(0LL,tail1-head2+1);
}
else t+=(p-max(head1,head2)+min(tail1,tail2)+1+max(0LL,tail1-head2+1)+max(0LL,tail2-head1+1));
}
printf("Case #%d: ",ii);
if(t==0)
printf("0/1\n");
else
{
LL ttt=__gcd(t,fm);
printf("%I64d/%I64d\n",t/ttt,fm/ttt);
}
}
return 0;
}