enum枚举

在Java中，枚举类型是一个class，每个枚举类型常量都被隐式声明为public、static、final的

// An enumeration of apple varieties.

// 每个枚举常量都被隐式声明为Apple的公有、静态final成员

enum Apple { 

  Jonathan, GoldenDel, RedDel, Winesap, Cortland

}

class EnumDemo {

  public static void main(String args[]) 

  {

    Apple ap;

    ap = Apple.RedDel;

    // Output an enum value.

    System.out.println("Value of ap: " + ap);

    System.out.println();

    ap = Apple.GoldenDel;

    // Compare two enum values.

    if(ap == Apple.GoldenDel) 

      System.out.println("ap contains GoldenDel.\n");

    // Use an enum to control a switch statement.

    switch(ap) {

      case Jonathan:

        System.out.println("Jonathan is red.");

        break;

      case GoldenDel:

        System.out.println("Golden Delicious is yellow.");

        break;

      case RedDel: 

        System.out.println("Red Delicious is red.");

        break;

      case Winesap:

        System.out.println("Winesap is red.");

        break;

      case Cortland:

        System.out.println("Cortland is red.");

        break;

    }

  }

}

value()方法返回一个包含枚举常量列表的数组

valueOf(String str)方法返回与传递参数str的字符串相对应的枚举常量

// Use the built-in enumeration methods.

// An enumeration of apple varieties.

enum Apple { 

  Jonathan, GoldenDel, RedDel, Winesap, Cortland

}

class EnumDemo2 {

  public static void main(String args[]) 

  {

    Apple ap;

    System.out.println("Here are all Apple constants");

    // use values()

    Apple allapples[] = Apple. values();

    for(Apple a : allapples)

      System.out.println(a);

    System.out.println();

    // use valueOf()

    ap = Apple. valueOf("Winesap");

    System.out.println("ap contains " + ap);

  }

}

Java的枚举类型有构造函数、可以添加实例和方法和接口，不能继承其他类也不能是超类

// Use an enum constructor.

enum Apple {

  Jonathan(10), GoldenDel(9), RedDel, Winesap(15), Cortland(8);

  private int price; // price of each apple

  // Constructor

  Apple(int p) { price = p; }

  // Overloaded constructor

  Apple() { price = -1; }

  int getPrice() { return price; }

}

枚举类中ordinal()方法可以返回检索的下标值，而compareTo()方法用于比较相同类型的两个枚举量常量的下标值

// Demonstrate ordinal(), compareTo(), and equals().

// An enumeration of apple varieties.

enum Apple { 

  Jonathan, GoldenDel, RedDel, Winesap, Cortland

}

class EnumDemo4 {

  public static void main(String args[]) 

  {

    Apple ap, ap2, ap3;

    // Obtain all ordinal values using ordinal().

    System.out.println("Here are all apple constants" +

                       " and their ordinal values: ");

    for(Apple a : Apple.values())

      System.out.println(a + " " + a.ordinal());

    ap =  Apple.RedDel;

    ap2 = Apple.GoldenDel;

    ap3 = Apple.RedDel;

    System.out.println();

    // Demonstrate compareTo() and equals()

    if(ap.compareTo(ap2) < 0)

      System.out.println(ap + " comes before " + ap2);

    if(ap.compareTo(ap2) > 0)

      System.out.println(ap2 + " comes before " + ap);

    // 对下标值进行比较

    if(ap.compareTo(ap3) == 0)

      System.out.println(ap + " equals " + ap3);

    System.out.println();

    if(ap.equals(ap2))

      System.out.println("Error!");

    

    // 判断ap和ap3的值是否相等

    if(ap.equals(ap3))

      System.out.println(ap + " equals " + ap3);

    

    // 说明ap和ap3指向的是同一个引用

    if(ap == ap3)

      System.out.println(ap + " == " + ap3);

  }

}