（原创）ORA-01092: ORACLE 例程终止。强行断开连接

今天测试部门的人叫我过去，说是数据库当了，起不来了。

我过去看了看情况，做了如下操作

SQL> shutdown immediate
数据库已经关闭。
已经卸载数据库。
ORACLE 例程已经关闭。
SQL> startup
ORACLE 例程已经启动。

Total System Global Area  135338868 bytes
Fixed Size                   453492 bytes
Variable Size             109051904 bytes
Database Buffers           25165824 bytes
Redo Buffers                 667648 bytes
数据库装载完毕。
ORA-01092: ORACLE 例程终止。强行断开连接

表面上看不出问题，我查看alert_oracas.log文件

SYS auditing is disabled
Starting up ORACLE RDBMS Version: 9.2.0.1.0.
System parameters with non-default values:
  processes                = 150
  timed_statistics         = TRUE
  shared_pool_size         = 50331648
  large_pool_size          = 8388608
  java_pool_size           = 33554432
  control_files            = f:/oracle/oradata/oracas/CONTROL01.CTL, f:/oracle/oradata/oracas/CONTROL02.CTL, f:/oracle/oradata/oracas/CONTROL03.CTL
  db_block_size            = 8192
  db_cache_size            = 25165824
  compatible               = 9.2.0.0.0
  db_file_multiblock_read_count= 16
  fast_start_mttr_target   = 300
  undo_management          = AUTO
  undo_tablespace          = UNDOSTB1
  undo_retention           = 10800
  remote_login_passwordfile= EXCLUSIVE
  db_domain                =
  instance_name            = oracas
  dispatchers              = (PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=oracasXDB)
  job_queue_processes      = 10
  hash_join_enabled        = TRUE
  background_dump_dest     = f:/oracle/admin/oracas/bdump
  user_dump_dest           = f:/oracle/admin/oracas/udump
  core_dump_dest           = f:/oracle/admin/oracas/cdump
  sort_area_size           = 524288
  db_name                  = oracas
  open_cursors             = 300
  star_transformation_enabled= FALSE
  query_rewrite_enabled    = FALSE
  pga_aggregate_target     = 19922944
  aq_tm_processes          = 1
PMON started with pid=2
DBW0 started with pid=3
LGWR started with pid=4
CKPT started with pid=5
SMON started with pid=6
RECO started with pid=7
CJQ0 started with pid=8
QMN0 started with pid=9
Mon Apr 18 17:30:25 2005
starting up 1 shared server(s) ...
starting up 1 dispatcher(s) for network address '(ADDRESS=(PARTIAL=YES)(PROTOCOL=TCP))'...
Mon Apr 18 17:30:26 2005
ALTER DATABASE   MOUNT
Mon Apr 18 17:30:30 2005
Successful mount of redo thread 1, with mount id 2424210674.
Mon Apr 18 17:30:30 2005
Database mounted in Exclusive Mode.
Completed: ALTER DATABASE   MOUNT
Mon Apr 18 17:30:30 2005
ALTER DATABASE OPEN
Mon Apr 18 17:30:32 2005
Thread 1 opened at log sequence 105
  Current log# 2 seq# 105 mem# 0: F:/ORACLE/ORADATA/ORACAS/REDO02.LOG
Successful open of redo thread 1.
Mon Apr 18 17:30:32 2005
SMON: enabling cache recovery
Mon Apr 18 17:30:34 2005
Errors in file f:/oracle/admin/oracas/udump/oracas_ora_3404.trc:
ORA-30012: 撤消表空间 'UNDOSTB1' 不存在或类型不正确

Mon Apr 18 17:30:34 2005
Error 30012 happened during db open, shutting down database
USER: terminating instance due to error 30012
Mon Apr 18 17:30:35 2005
Errors in file f:/oracle/admin/oracas/bdump/oracas_smon_996.trc:
ORA-30012: undo tablespace '' does not exist or of wrong type

Mon Apr 18 17:30:35 2005
Errors in file f:/oracle/admin/oracas/bdump/oracas_pmon_3500.trc:
ORA-30012: undo tablespace '' does not exist or of wrong type

Instance terminated by USER, pid = 3404
ORA-1092 signalled during: ALTER DATABASE OPEN...

于是我查看了以下信息来确认undo表空间的问题

SQL> conn sys/sys@oracas as sysdba
已连接到空闲例程。
SQL> startup mount
ORACLE 例程已经启动。

Total System Global Area  135338868 bytes
Fixed Size                   453492 bytes
Variable Size             109051904 bytes
Database Buffers           25165824 bytes
Redo Buffers                 667648 bytes
数据库装载完毕。
SQL> select name from v$datafile;

NAME
------------------------------------------------------------------------
F:/ORACLE/ORADATA/ORACAS/SYSTEM01.DBF
F:/ORACLE/ORADATA/ORACAS/UNDOTBS01.DBF
F:/ORACLE/ORADATA/ORACAS/CWMLITE01.DBF
F:/ORACLE/ORADATA/ORACAS/DRSYS01.DBF
F:/ORACLE/ORADATA/ORACAS/EXAMPLE01.DBF
F:/ORACLE/ORADATA/ORACAS/INDX01.DBF
F:/ORACLE/ORADATA/ORACAS/ODM01.DBF
F:/ORACLE/ORADATA/ORACAS/TOOLS01.DBF
F:/ORACLE/ORADATA/ORACAS/USERS01.DBF
F:/ORACLE/ORADATA/ORACAS/XDB01.DBF
D:/ORADATA/ORACAS/TSCAS11.DBF
E:/ORADATA/ORACAS/TFCAS12.DBF
D:/ORADATA/ORACAS/TSCAS21.DBF
E:/ORADATA/ORACAS/TFCAS22.DBF
D:/ORADATA/ORACAS/TSCAS31.DBF
E:/ORADATA/ORACAS/TFCAS32.DBF
D:/ORADATA/ORACAS/TSCAS41.DBF
E:/ORADATA/ORACAS/TFCAS42.DBF
D:/ORADATA/ORACAS/TSCASINDX1.DBF
E:/ORADATA/ORACAS/TSCASINDX2.DBF
D:/ORADATA/ORACAS/TFCAS13.DBF
D:/ORADATA/ORACAS/TFCAS14.DBF
D:/ORADATA/ORACAS/TFCAS23.DBF
D:/ORADATA/ORACAS/TFCAS24.DBF
E:/ORADATA/ORACAS/TSCASINDX12.DBF
E:/ORADATA/ORACAS/TSCASINDX13.DBF
E:/ORADATA/ORACAS/TSCASINDX24.DBF
E:/ORADATA/ORACAS/TSCASINDX25.DBF
C:/SNAPSHOT01.DBF
C:/TSCAS1.DBF

已选择30行。

SQL> show parameter undo

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- -----------------------
undo_management                      string      AUTO
undo_retention                       integer     10800
undo_suppress_errors                 boolean     FALSE
undo_tablespace                      string      UNDOSTB1
SQL> select name from v$tablespace;

NAME
------------------------------
CWMLITE
DRSYS
EXAMPLE
INDX
ODM
SYSTEM
TOOLS
UNDOTBS1
USERS
XDB
TEMP
TSCAS1
TSCAS2
TSCAS3
TSCAS4
TSCASINDX1
TSCASINDX2
SNAPSHOT_TS

已选择18行。

当时没有自己看问题，就以为是undo文件损坏了，决定重建。

注意：后来才发现这里以后的操作是饶了一个解决问题的弯路。

由于不open没有办法重新创建undo 表空间，所以决定先用系统默认的undo表空间来启动，然后重建undo

表空间，具体操作如下：

SQL> create pfile from spfile;

文件已创建。

修改pfile文件

#*.undo_management='AUTO'
#*.undo_tablespace='UNDOSTB1'
undo_management=manual
undo_tablespace='system'

关闭数据库，并且从目录F:/oracle/ora92/database下去掉SPFILEORACAS.ORA文件

重新启动

SQL> shutdown immediate
ORA-01109: 数据库未打开

已经卸载数据库。
ORACLE 例程已经关闭。
SQL> startup mount
ORACLE 例程已经启动。

Total System Global Area  135338868 bytes
Fixed Size                   453492 bytes
Variable Size             109051904 bytes
Database Buffers           25165824 bytes
Redo Buffers                 667648 bytes
数据库装载完毕。
SQL> alter database open;

数据库已更改。

查看表空间信息

SQL> show parameter undo

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
undo_management                      string      MANUAL
undo_retention                       integer     10800
undo_suppress_errors                 boolean     FALSE
undo_tablespace                      string      system
SQL> select name from  v$tablespace;

NAME
------------------------------
CWMLITE
DRSYS
EXAMPLE
INDX
ODM
SYSTEM
TOOLS
UNDOTBS1
USERS
XDB
TEMP
TSCAS1
TSCAS2
TSCAS3
TSCAS4
TSCASINDX1
TSCASINDX2
SNAPSHOT_TS

并且打开图形界面查看，这时候才发现undo表空间的名字是UNDOTBS1

其实早就能发现的，大家以后分析问题一定不要太快下结论，要自己分析。。。

于是做以下操作改变undo 表空间的名字

SQL> create spfile from pfile;

文件已创建。

SQL> shutdown immediate
数据库已经关闭。
已经卸载数据库。
ORACLE 例程已经关闭。
SQL> startup
ORACLE 例程已经启动。

Total System Global Area  135338868 bytes
Fixed Size                   453492 bytes
Variable Size             109051904 bytes
Database Buffers           25165824 bytes
Redo Buffers                 667648 bytes
数据库装载完毕。
数据库已经打开。
SQL> show parameter undo

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
undo_management                      string      MANUAL
undo_retention                       integer     10800
undo_suppress_errors                 boolean     FALSE
undo_tablespace                      string      system
SQL> alter database set undo_management=auto;
alter database set undo_management=auto
                   *
ERROR 位于第 1 行:
ORA-02231: 缺少或无效的 ALTER DATABASE 选项

SQL> alter database set undo_management=auto scope=spfile;
alter database set undo_management=auto scope=spfile
                   *
ERROR 位于第 1 行:
ORA-02231: 缺少或无效的 ALTER DATABASE 选项

SQL> alter system set undo_management=auto scope=spfile;

系统已更改。

SQL> alter system set undo_tablespace='undotbs1' scope=spfile;

重启验证：

SQL> shutdown immediate
数据库已经关闭。
已经卸载数据库。
ORACLE 例程已经关闭。
SQL> startup
ORACLE 例程已经启动。

Total System Global Area  135338868 bytes
Fixed Size                   453492 bytes
Variable Size             109051904 bytes
Database Buffers           25165824 bytes
Redo Buffers                 667648 bytes
数据库装载完毕。
数据库已经打开。
SQL> create fpile from spfile;
create fpile from spfile
       *
ERROR 位于第 1 行:
ORA-00901: 无效 CREATE 命令

SQL> create pfile from spfile;

文件已创建。

SQL> show parameter undo

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
undo_management                      string      AUTO
undo_retention                       integer     10800
undo_suppress_errors                 boolean     FALSE
undo_tablespace                      string      undotbs1

发现已经好使了

教训总结：其实只要一开始分析下v$tablespace就能发现是undo表空间的名字错了，很快就能解决的。

不过我上面这种方法可以用于undo表空间文件corrupt的情况：）