Object-c 常用类型定义方法

/*******************************************************************************************

     NSString

     *******************************************************************************************/

    //一、NSString   

    /*----------------创建字符串的方法----------------*/

    //1、创建常量字符串。

    NSString *astring = @"This is a String!";

    //2、创建空字符串，给予赋值。

    NSString *astring = [[NSString alloc] init];

    astring = @"This is a String!";

    [astring release];

    NSLog(@"astring:%@",astring);

    //3、在以上方法中，提升速度:initWithString方法

    NSString *astring = [[NSString alloc] initWithString:@"This is a String!"];

    NSLog(@"astring:%@",astring);

    [astring release];

    //4、用标准c创建字符串:initWithCString方法

    char *Cstring = "This is a String!";

    NSString *astring = [[NSString alloc] initWithCString:Cstring];

    NSLog(@"astring:%@",astring);

    [astring release];

    //5、创建格式化字符串:占位符（由一个%加一个字符组成）

    int i = 1;

    int j = 2;

    NSString *astring = [[NSString alloc] initWithString:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d.This is %i string!",i,j]];

    NSLog(@"astring:%@",astring);

    [astring release];

    //6、创建临时字符串

    NSString *astring;

    astring = [NSString stringWithCString:"This is a temporary string"];

    NSLog(@"astring:%@",astring);

     /*----------------从文件读取字符串:initWithContentsOfFile方法----------------*/   

    NSString *path = @"astring.text";

    NSString *astring = [[NSString alloc] initWithContentsOfFile:path];

    NSLog(@"astring:%@",astring);

    [astring release];

    /*----------------写字符串到文件:writeToFile方法----------------*/   

    NSString *astring = [[NSString alloc] initWithString:@"This is a String!"];

    NSLog(@"astring:%@",astring);

    NSString *path = @"astring.text";   

    [astring writeToFile: path atomically: YES];

    [astring release];   

    /*----------------比较两个字符串----------------*/       

    //用C比较:strcmp函数

    char string1[] = "string!";

    char string2[] = "string!";

    if(strcmp(string1, string2) = = 0)

    {

        NSLog(@"1");

    }

 

 

 

    //isEqualToString方法   

    NSString *astring01 = @"This is a String!";

    NSString *astring02 = @"This is a String!";

    BOOL result = [astring01 isEqualToString:astring02];

    NSLog(@"result:%d",result);

    //compare方法(comparer返回的三种值)   

    NSString *astring01 = @"This is a String!";

    NSString *astring02 = @"This is a String!";   

    BOOL result = [astring01 compare:astring02] = = NSOrderedSame;   

    NSLog(@"result:%d",result);   

    //NSOrderedSame判断两者内容是否相同

     NSString *astring01 = @"This is a String!";

    NSString *astring02 = @"this is a String!";

    BOOL result = [astring01 compare:astring02] = = NSOrderedAscending;   

    NSLog(@"result:%d",result);

    //NSOrderedAscending判断两对象值的大小(按字母顺序进行比较，astring02大于astring01为真)

    NSString *astring01 = @"this is a String!";

    NSString *astring02 = @"This is a String!";

    BOOL result = [astring01 compare:astring02] = = NSOrderedDescending;   

    NSLog(@"result:%d",result);    

    //NSOrderedDescending判断两对象值的大小(按字母顺序进行比较，astring02小于astring01为真)

    //不考虑大小写比较字符串1

    NSString *astring01 = @"this is a String!";

    NSString *astring02 = @"This is a String!";

    BOOL result = [astring01 caseInsensitiveCompare:astring02] = = NSOrderedSame;   

    NSLog(@"result:%d",result);    

    //NSOrderedDescending判断两对象值的大小(按字母顺序进行比较，astring02小于astring01为真)

    //不考虑大小写比较字符串2

    NSString *astring01 = @"this is a String!";

    NSString *astring02 = @"This is a String!";

    BOOL result = [astring01 compare:astring02

                            options:NSCaseInsensitiveSearch | NSNumericSearch] = = NSOrderedSame;   

    NSLog(@"result:%d",result);    

    //NSCaseInsensitiveSearch:不区分大小写比较 NSLiteralSearch:进行完全比较，

       区分大小写 NSNumericSearch:比较字符串的字符个数，而不是字符值。

    /*----------------改变字符串的大小写----------------*/   

    NSString *string1 = @"A String";

    NSString *string2 = @"String";

    NSLog(@"string1:%@",[string1 uppercaseString]);//大写

    NSLog(@"string2:%@",[string2 lowercaseString]);//小写

    NSLog(@"string2:%@",[string2 capitalizedString]);//首字母大小

    /*----------------在串中搜索子串----------------*/       

    NSString *string1 = @"This is a string";

    NSString *string2 = @"string";

    NSRange range = [string1 rangeOfString:string2];

    int location = range.location;

    int leight = range.length;

    NSString *astring = [[NSString alloc] initWithString:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"Location:%i,Leight:%i",location,leight]];

    NSLog(@"astring:%@",astring);

    [astring release];

    /*----------------抽取子串 ----------------*/       

    //-substringToIndex: 从字符串的开头一直截取到指定的位置，但不包括该位置的字符

    NSString *string1 = @"This is a string";

    NSString *string2 = [string1 substringToIndex:3];

    NSLog(@"string2:%@",string2);

    //-substringFromIndex: 以指定位置开始（包括指定位置的字符），并包括之后的全部字符

    NSString *string1 = @"This is a string";

    NSString *string2 = [string1 substringFromIndex:3];

    NSLog(@"string2:%@",string2);

    //-substringWithRange: //按照所给出的位置，长度，任意地从字符串中截取子串

    NSString *string1 = @"This is a string";

    NSString *string2 = [string1 substringWithRange:NSMakeRange(0, 4)];

    NSLog(@"string2:%@",string2);

    //扩展路径

    NSString *Path = @"~/NSData.txt";

    NSString *absolutePath = [Path stringByExpandingTildeInPath];

    NSLog(@"absolutePath:%@",absolutePath);

    NSLog(@"Path:%@",[absolutePath stringByAbbreviatingWithTildeInPath]);

    //文件扩展名

    NSString *Path = @"~/NSData.txt";

    NSLog(@"Extension:%@",[Path pathExtension]);

    /*******************************************************************************************

     NSMutableString

     *******************************************************************************************/   

    /*---------------给字符串分配容量----------------*/

    //stringWithCapacity:

    NSMutableString *String;

    String = [NSMutableString stringWithCapacity:40];

 

 

    /*---------------在已有字符串后面添加字符----------------*/   

    //appendString: and appendFormat:

    NSMutableString *String1 = [[NSMutableString alloc] initWithString:@"This is a NSMutableString"];

    //[String1 appendString:@", I will be adding some character"];

    [String1 appendFormat:[NSString stringWithFormat:@", I will be adding some character"]];

    NSLog(@"String1:%@",String1);

    */

    /*--------在已有字符串中按照所给出范围和长度删除字符------*/   

    /*

     //deleteCharactersInRange:

     NSMutableString *String1 = [[NSMutableString alloc] initWithString:@"This is a NSMutableString"];

     [String1 deleteCharactersInRange:NSMakeRange(0, 5)];

     NSLog(@"String1:%@",String1);

     /*--------在已有字符串后面在所指定的位置中插入给出的字符串------*/

 

    //-insertString: atIndex:

    NSMutableString *String1 = [[NSMutableString alloc] initWithString:@"This is a NSMutableString"];

    [String1 insertString:@"Hi! " atIndex:0];

    NSLog(@"String1:%@",String1);

    /*--------将已有的空符串换成其它的字符串------*/

    //-setString:

    NSMutableString *String1 = [[NSMutableString alloc] initWithString:@"This is a NSMutableString"];

    [String1 setString:@"Hello Word!"];

    NSLog(@"String1:%@",String1);

 

 

 

    /*--------按照所给出的范围，和字符串替换的原有的字符------*/

 

    //-setString:

    NSMutableString *String1 = [[NSMutableString alloc] initWithString:@"This is a NSMutableString"];

    [String1 replaceCharactersInRange:NSMakeRange(0, 4) withString:@"That"];

    NSLog(@"String1:%@",String1);

    /*-------------判断字符串内是否还包含别的字符串(前缀，后缀)-------------*/

    //01：检查字符串是否以另一个字符串开头- (BOOL) hasPrefix: (NSString *) aString;

    NSString *String1 = @"NSStringInformation.txt";

    [String1 hasPrefix:@"NSString"] = = 1 ?  NSLog(@"YES") : NSLog(@"NO");

    [String1 hasSuffix:@".txt"] = = 1 ?  NSLog(@"YES") : NSLog(@"NO");

 

    //02：查找字符串某处是否包含其它字符串 - (NSRange) rangeOfString: (NSString *) aString，这一点前面在串中搜索子串用到过

    /*******************************************************************************************

     NSArray

     *******************************************************************************************/

    /*---------------------------创建数组------------------------------*/

    //NSArray *array = [[NSArray alloc] initWithObjects:

    @"One",@"Two",@"Three",@"Four",nil];

 

    self.dataArray = array;

    [array release];

 

    //- (unsigned) Count;数组所包含对象个数；

    NSLog(@"self.dataArray cound:%d",[self.dataArray count]);

 

    //- (id) objectAtIndex: (unsigned int) index;获取指定索引处的对象;

    NSLog(@"self.dataArray cound 2:%@",[self.dataArray objectAtIndex:2]);

    /*--------------------------从一个数组拷贝数据到另一数组(可变数级)----------------------------*/   

    //arrayWithArray:

    //NSArray *array1 = [[NSArray alloc] init];

    NSMutableArray *MutableArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];

    NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:

                      @"a",@"b",@"c",nil];

    NSLog(@"array:%@",array);

    MutableArray = [NSMutableArray arrayWithArray:array];

    NSLog(@"MutableArray:%@",MutableArray);

 

    array1 = [NSArray arrayWithArray:array];

    NSLog(@"array1:%@",array1);

    //Copy

    //id obj;

    NSMutableArray *newArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];

    NSArray *oldArray = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:

                         @"a",@"b",@"c",@"d",@"e",@"f",@"g",@"h",nil];

 

    NSLog(@"oldArray:%@",oldArray);

    for(int i = 0; i < [oldArray count]; i++)

    {       

        obj = [[oldArray objectAtIndex:i] copy];

        [newArray addObject: obj];

    }

    //    

    NSLog(@"newArray:%@", newArray);

    [newArray release];

 

 

    //快速枚举

 

    //NSMutableArray *newArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];

    NSArray *oldArray = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:

                         @"a",@"b",@"c",@"d",@"e",@"f",@"g",@"h",nil];   

    NSLog(@"oldArray:%@",oldArray);

 

    for(id obj in oldArray)

    {

        [newArray addObject: obj];

    }

    //    

    NSLog(@"newArray:%@", newArray);

    [newArray release];   

 

 

    //Deep copy

 

    //NSMutableArray *newArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];

    NSArray *oldArray = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:

                         @"a",@"b",@"c",@"d",@"e",@"f",@"g",@"h",nil];   

    NSLog(@"oldArray:%@",oldArray);   

    newArray = (NSMutableArray*)CFPropertyListCreateDeepCopy(kCFAllocatorDefault, (CFPropertyListRef)oldArray, kCFPropertyListMutableContainers);

    NSLog(@"newArray:%@", newArray);

    [newArray release];   

 

 

    //Copy and sort

 

    //NSMutableArray *newArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];

    NSArray *oldArray = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:

                         @"b",@"a",@"e",@"d",@"c",@"f",@"h",@"g",nil];   

    NSLog(@"oldArray:%@",oldArray);

    NSEnumerator *enumerator;

    enumerator = [oldArray objectEnumerator];

    id obj;

    while(obj = [enumerator nextObject])

    {

        [newArray addObject: obj];

    }

    [newArray sortUsingSelector:@selector(compare:)];

    NSLog(@"newArray:%@", newArray);

    [newArray release];

 

 

 

    /*---------------------------切分数组------------------------------*/

 

    //从字符串分割到数组－ componentsSeparatedByString:

    NSString *string = [[NSString alloc] initWithString:@"One,Two,Three,Four"];

    NSLog(@"string:%@",string);   

    NSArray *array = [string componentsSeparatedByString:@","];

    NSLog(@"array:%@",array);

    [string release];

    //从数组合并元素到字符串- componentsJoinedByString:

    NSArray *array = [[NSArray alloc] initWithObjects:@"One",@"Two",@"Three",@"Four",nil];

    NSString *string = [array componentsJoinedByString:@","];

    NSLog(@"string:%@",string);

   /*******************************************************************************************

     NSMutableArray

     *******************************************************************************************/

    /*---------------给数组分配容量----------------*/

    //NSArray *array;

    array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithCapacity:20];

 

    /*--------------在数组末尾添加对象----------------*/

    //- (void) addObject: (id) anObject;

    //NSMutableArray *array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:

    @"One",@"Two",@"Three",nil];

    [array addObject:@"Four"];

    NSLog(@"array:%@",array);

    /*--------------删除数组中指定索引处对象----------------*/   

    //-(void) removeObjectAtIndex: (unsigned) index;   

    //NSMutableArray *array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:

    @"One",@"Two",@"Three",nil];

    [array removeObjectAtIndex:1];

    NSLog(@"array:%@",array);

    /*-------------数组枚举---------------*/   

    //- (NSEnumerator *)objectEnumerator;从前向后

    //NSMutableArray *array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:

    @"One",@"Two",@"Three",nil];

    NSEnumerator *enumerator;

    enumerator = [array objectEnumerator];

    id thingie;

    while (thingie = [enumerator nextObject]) {

        NSLog(@"thingie:%@",thingie);

    }

    //- (NSEnumerator *)reverseObjectEnumerator;从后向前

    //NSMutableArray *array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:

    @"One",@"Two",@"Three",nil];

    NSEnumerator *enumerator;

    enumerator = [array reverseObjectEnumerator];

 

    id object;

    while (object = [enumerator nextObject]) {

        NSLog(@"object:%@",object);

    }

    //快速枚举

    //NSMutableArray *array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:

    @"One",@"Two",@"Three",nil];

    for(NSString *string in array)

    {

        NSLog(@"string:%@",string);

    }

 

    /*******************************************************************************************

     NSDictionary

     *******************************************************************************************/

    /*------------------------------------创建字典------------------------------------*/

    //- (id) initWithObjectsAndKeys;

 

    //NSDictionary *dictionary = [[NSDictionary alloc] initWithObjectsAndKeys:@"One",@"1",@"Two",@"2",@"Three",@"3",nil];

    NSString *string = [dictionary objectForKey:@"One"];

    NSLog(@"string:%@",string);

    NSLog(@"dictionary:%@",dictionary);

    [dictionary release];

 

 

    /*******************************************************************************************

     NSMutableDictionary

     *******************************************************************************************/

 

    /*------------------------------------创建可变字典------------------------------------*/   

    //创建

    NSMutableDictionary *dictionary = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];

 

    //添加字典

    [dictionary setObject:@"One" forKey:@"1"];

    [dictionary setObject:@"Two" forKey:@"2"];

    [dictionary setObject:@"Three" forKey:@"3"];

    [dictionary setObject:@"Four" forKey:@"4"];

    NSLog(@"dictionary:%@",dictionary);

    //删除指定的字典

    [dictionary removeObjectForKey:@"3"];

    NSLog(@"dictionary:%@",dictionary);

    /*******************************************************************************************

     NSValue（对任何对象进行包装）

     *******************************************************************************************/

 

    /*--------------------------------将NSRect放入NSArray中------------------------------------*/   

    //将NSRect放入NSArray中

    NSMutableArray *array = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];

    NSValue *value;

    CGRect rect = CGRectMake(0, 0, 320, 480);   

    value = [NSValue valueWithBytes:&rect objCType:@encode(CGRect)];

    [array addObject:value];

    NSLog(@"array:%@",array);

 

    //从Array中提取

    value = [array objectAtIndex:0];

    [value getValue:&rect];

    NSLog(@"value:%@",value);

 

 

    /*******************************************************************************************

     从目录搜索扩展名为jpg的文件

     *******************************************************************************************/

    //NSFileManager *fileManager = [NSFileManager defaultManager];

    NSString *home;

    home = @"../Users/";

    NSDirectoryEnumerator *direnum;

    direnum = [fileManager enumeratorAtPath: home];

    NSMutableArray *files = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];

    //枚举

    NSString *filename;

    while (filename = [direnum nextObject]) {

        if([[filename pathExtension] hasSuffix:@"jpg"]){

            [files addObject:filename];

        }

    }

 

    //快速枚举

    //for(NSString *filename in direnum)

    //{

    //    if([[filename pathExtension] isEqualToString:@"jpg"]){

    //        [files addObject:filename];

    //    }

    //}

    NSLog(@"files:%@",files);

 

    //枚举

    NSEnumerator *filenum;

    filenum = [files objectEnumerator];

    while (filename = [filenum nextObject]) {

        NSLog(@"filename:%@",filename);

    }

 

    //快速枚举

    //for(id object in files)

    //{

    //    NSLog(@"object:%@",object);

    //}