四、实践学习:一个ListCtrl的详细实现
1.切换到第一个对话框点击ListCtrl控件
2.在属性窗口,改变View属性为Report
3.创建ListCtrl的列,在OnInitDialog()中添加代码如下:
BOOL CDeptStore2Dlg::OnInitDialog() { CDialog::OnInitDialog(); // Set the icon for this dialog. The framework does this automatically // when the application's main window is not a dialog SetIcon(m_hIcon, TRUE); // Set big icon SetIcon(m_hIcon, FALSE); // Set small icon // TODO: Add extra initialization here LVCOLUMN lvColumn; lvColumn.mask = LVCF_FMT | LVCF_TEXT | LVCF_WIDTH; lvColumn.fmt = LVCFMT_CENTER; lvColumn.cx = 60 ; lvColumn.pszText = " Item # " ; this -> m_StoreItems.InsertColumn( 0 , & lvColumn); lvColumn.mask = LVCF_FMT | LVCF_TEXT | LVCF_WIDTH; lvColumn.fmt = LVCFMT_LEFT; lvColumn.cx = 100 ; lvColumn.pszText = " Category " ; this -> m_StoreItems.InsertColumn( 1 , & lvColumn); lvColumn.mask = LVCF_FMT | LVCF_TEXT | LVCF_WIDTH; lvColumn.fmt = LVCFMT_LEFT; lvColumn.cx = 160 ; lvColumn.pszText = " Item Name " ; this -> m_StoreItems.InsertColumn( 2 , & lvColumn); lvColumn.mask = LVCF_FMT | LVCF_TEXT | LVCF_WIDTH; lvColumn.fmt = LVCFMT_LEFT; lvColumn.cx = 80 ; lvColumn.pszText = " Size " ; this -> m_StoreItems.InsertColumn( 3 , & lvColumn); lvColumn.mask = LVCF_FMT | LVCF_TEXT | LVCF_WIDTH; lvColumn.fmt = LVCFMT_RIGHT; lvColumn.cx = 60 ; lvColumn.pszText = " Unit Price " ; this -> m_StoreItems.InsertColumn( 4 , & lvColumn); lvColumn.mask = LVCF_FMT | LVCF_TEXT | LVCF_WIDTH; lvColumn.fmt = LVCFMT_RIGHT; lvColumn.cx = 30 ; lvColumn.pszText = " Qty " ; this -> m_StoreItems.InsertColumn( 5 , & lvColumn); this -> m_StoreItems.SetExtendedStyle(LVS_EX_FULLROWSELECT | LVS_EX_GRIDLINES); return TRUE; // return TRUE unless you set the focus to a control }
4.准备创建一个完全的项,设计一个第一个对话框如下:
Control | Caption | ID | Other Properties |
Static Text | Category: |
|
|
Combo Box |
| IDC_CATEGORIES | Data: Babies;Teens;Women;Men;Miscellaneous |
Static Text | Item Name: |
|
|
Edit Control |
| IDC_ITEMNAME |
|
Static Text | Item Size: |
|
|
Edit Control |
| IDC_ITEMSIZE |
|
Static Text | Qty: |
|
|
Edit Control |
| IDC_QUANTITY |
|
Static Text | Unit Price: |
|
|
Edit Control |
| IDC_UNITPRICE |
|
Static Text | Item #: |
|
|
Edit Control |
| IDC_ITEMNUMBER |
|
Button | OK | IDOK |
|
Button | Cancel | IDCANCEL |
|
5.如下创建CString变量
ID | Value Variable |
IDC_CATEGORIES | m_Categories |
IDC_ITEMNAME | m_ItemName |
IDC_ITEMSIZE | m_ItemSize |
IDC_QUANTITY | m_Quantity |
IDC_UNITPRICE | m_UnitPrice |
6.在主窗口中,双击新建项改变它的实现为:
void CDeptStore2Dlg::OnBnClickedNewitem() { // TODO: 在此添加控件通知处理程序代码 CNewStoreItemDlg1 dlg; srand( (unsigned)time(NULL) ); wchar_t strNumber[ 20 ]; int number1 = rand() % 999 ; int number2 = rand() % 999 ; swprintf(strNumber, TEXT( " %d-%d " ), number1, number2); dlg.m_ItemNumber = strNumber; if ( dlg.DoModal() ) { LVITEM lvItem; int nItem; lvItem.mask = LVIF_TEXT; lvItem.iItem = 0 ; lvItem.iSubItem = 0 ; lvItem.pszText = strNumber; nItem = this -> m_StoreItems.InsertItem( & lvItem); this -> m_StoreItems.SetItemText(nItem, 1 , dlg.m_Categories); this -> m_StoreItems.SetItemText(nItem, 2 , dlg.m_ItemName); this -> m_StoreItems.SetItemText(nItem, 3 , dlg.m_ItemSize); this -> m_StoreItems.SetItemText(nItem, 4 , dlg.m_UnitPrice); this -> m_StoreItems.SetItemText(nItem, 5 , dlg.m_Quantity); } }
7.运行应用程序,用下面的数据创建数据项(让计算机随机生成itemNumber)
Category | Item Name | Size | Qty | Unit Price |
Women | Cashmere Lined Glove | 8 | 12 | 115.95 |
Miscellaneous | Chocolate Gift Box | Medium | 5 | 45.00 |
Men | Trendy Jacket | Medium | 8 | 45.85 |
Women | Stretch Flare Jeans | Petite | 6 | 27.75 |
Women | Belted Sweater | Large | 10 | 15.95 |
Teens | Girls Classy Handbag | One Size | 4 | 95.95 |
Women | Casual Dress Shoes | 9.5M | 16 | 45.95 |
Babies | Infant Girls Ballerina Dress | 2M | 14 | 22.85 |
Teens | Girls Velour Dress | 10 | 8 | 12.55 |
Women | Lace Desire Panty | M | 22 | 7.15 |
Teens | Boys Hooded Sweatshirt | M (7/8) | 16 | 42.75 |
Men | Classic Pinstripe Suit | 38 | 8 | 145.90 |
8.关闭窗口,返回应用程序
Views转换
你可以创建一个ListCtrl显示一个单独的View,你也可以允许用户区改变从一个View到另外一个。和刚才所说的一样,在设计的时候或者程序动态创建一个ListCtrl,你可以设置一个初始化View用ComboBox去选择一个View。如果你想在初始化的时候显示,你可以停到那里,否则你可以提供改变的一种。
因为在一个ListCtrl显示的View是它风格的一部分。为了动态改变它的View模型,你可以用GetWindowLong()返回控件的风格。GetWindowLong()函数只返回当前控件的风格。你可能需要在改变它之前选择它。通过为GetWindowLong()函数增加LVS_TYPEMASK常量,在选择控件的View之后,你接着可以用SetWindowLong()函数来改变它的风格。示例如下:
void COthersDlg::OnIconBtn() { // TODO: Add your control notification handler code here LONG mListStyle = GetWindowLong(m_List.m_hWnd, GWL_STYLE); mListStyle &= ~ LVS_TYPEMASK; mListStyle |= LVS_ICON; SetWindowLong(m_List.m_hWnd, GWL_STYLE, mListStyle); } void COthersDlg::OnSmallIconBtn() { // TODO: Add your control notification handler code here LONG mListStyle = GetWindowLong(m_List.m_hWnd, GWL_STYLE); mListStyle &= ~ LVS_TYPEMASK; mListStyle |= LVS_SMALLICON; SetWindowLong(m_List.m_hWnd, GWL_STYLE, mListStyle); } void COthersDlg::OnListBtn() { // TODO: Add your control notification handler code here LONG mListStyle = GetWindowLong(m_List.m_hWnd, GWL_STYLE); mListStyle &= ~ LVS_TYPEMASK; mListStyle |= LVS_LIST; SetWindowLong(m_List.m_hWnd, GWL_STYLE, mListStyle); } void COthersDlg::OnReportBtn() { // TODO: Add your control notification handler code here LONG mListStyle = GetWindowLong(m_List.m_hWnd, GWL_STYLE); mListStyle &= ~ LVS_TYPEMASK; mListStyle |= LVS_REPORT; SetWindowLong(m_List.m_hWnd, GWL_STYLE, mListStyle); }
五、实践学习:改变ListCtrl的View
1.在类视图中,扩展DeptStore2,右击CDeptStoreDlg2->Add->Add Function
2.设置返回值为DWORD类型,函数名为GetViewType
3.点击完成,函数实现如下:
DWORD CDeptStore2Dlg::GetViewType( void ) { return (GetStyle() & LVS_TYPEMASK); }
4.在类视图中,右击CDeptStore2Dlg->Add->Add Function
5.设置返回值为void,函数名称为SetViewType,参数类型为DWORD,参数名为dwViewType,点击Add。
6.点击完成,函数实现如下:
void CDeptStore2Dlg::SetViewType(DWORD dwViewType) { DWORD dwCurType; HWND hWnd; hWnd = this -> m_StoreItems; GetSafeHwnd(); dwCurType = ::GetWindowLong(hWnd, GWL_STYLE); dwCurType &= ~ LVS_TYPEMASK; dwViewType |= dwCurType; ::SetWindowLong(hWnd, GWL_STYLE, dwViewType); }
7.切换到第一个对话框,如下增加四个按钮:
Button ID | Caption |
IDC_LARGE | Large |
IDC_SMALL | Small |
IDC_LIST | List |
IDC_DETAILS | Details |
8.双击Large按钮,如下实现OnBnClicked事件:
void CDeptStore2Dlg::OnBnClickedLarge() { // TODO: Add your control notification handler code here SetViewType(LVS_ICON); }
9.类似添加其他按钮的事件响应函数,如下:
void CDeptStore2Dlg::OnBnClickedSmall() { // TODO: Add your control notification handler code here if ( GetViewType() != LVS_SMALLICON) SetViewType(LVS_SMALLICON); } void CDeptStore2Dlg::OnBnClickedList() { // TODO: Add your control notification handler code here if ( GetViewType() != LVS_LIST) SetViewType(LVS_LIST); } void CDeptStore2Dlg::OnBnClickedDetails() { // TODO: Add your control notification handler code here if ( GetViewType() != LVS_REPORT) SetViewType(LVS_REPORT); }
10.保存
ListCtrl和Icon
ListCtrl可以将实现图片,显示记录或者将两者组合显示。如果你想在列上显示一幅位图,你应该声明一个CImageList变量并初始化。然后调用CListCtrl::SetImageList()方法,并为之传参。如果你想这么做,并且你用的是第一个版本传递LVCOLUMN指针参数CListCtrl::InsertColumn()方法,需要给mask参数添加LVCF_IMAGE值,并且为fmt添加LVCFMT_IMAGE值。指定的图像会显示在列的首项上,把列的索引赋给iImage变量。示例如下:
BOOL COthersDlg::OnInitDialog()
{
CDialog::OnInitDialog();
//
TODO: Add extra initialization here
LVCOLUMN lvColumn;
CImageList *ImgHeaders =
new CImageList;
ImgHeaders->Create(
16,
16, ILC_MASK,
1,
1);
ImgHeaders->Add(AfxGetApp()->LoadIcon(IDI_UP));
ImgHeaders->Add(AfxGetApp()->LoadIcon(IDI_LOSANGE));
m_List.SetImageList(ImgHeaders, LVSIL_SMALL);
lvColumn.mask = LVCF_FMT | LVCF_TEXT | LVCF_WIDTH | LVCF_IMAGE;
lvColumn.fmt = LVCFMT_LEFT | LVCFMT_IMAGE;
lvColumn.cx =
120;
lvColumn.pszText =
"
Full Name
";
lvColumn.iImage =
0;
m_List.InsertColumn(
0, &lvColumn);
lvColumn.mask = LVCF_FMT | LVCF_TEXT | LVCF_WIDTH;
lvColumn.fmt = LVCFMT_LEFT;
lvColumn.cx =
100;
lvColumn.pszText =
"
Profession
";
m_List.InsertColumn(
1, &lvColumn);
lvColumn.mask = LVCF_FMT | LVCF_TEXT | LVCF_WIDTH | LVCF_IMAGE;
lvColumn.fmt = LVCFMT_LEFT | LVCFMT_IMAGE;
lvColumn.iImage =
1;
lvColumn.cx =
80;
lvColumn.pszText =
"
Fav Sport
";
m_List.InsertColumn(
2, &lvColumn);
lvColumn.mask = LVCF_FMT | LVCF_TEXT | LVCF_WIDTH;
lvColumn.fmt = LVCFMT_LEFT;
lvColumn.cx =
75;
lvColumn.pszText =
"
Hobby
";
m_List.InsertColumn(
3, &lvColumn);
return TRUE;
//
return TRUE unless you set the focus to a control
//
EXCEPTION: OCX Property Pages should return FALSE
}
BOOL COthersDlg::OnInitDialog() { CDialog::OnInitDialog(); // TODO: Add extra initialization here LVCOLUMN lvColumn; CImageList *ImgHeaders = new CImageList; ImgHeaders->Create( 16, 16, ILC_MASK, 1, 1); ImgHeaders->Add(AfxGetApp()->LoadIcon(IDI_UP)); ImgHeaders->Add(AfxGetApp()->LoadIcon(IDI_LOSANGE)); m_List.SetImageList(ImgHeaders, LVSIL_SMALL); lvColumn.mask = LVCF_FMT | LVCF_TEXT | LVCF_WIDTH | LVCF_IMAGE; lvColumn.fmt = LVCFMT_LEFT | LVCFMT_IMAGE; lvColumn.cx = 120; lvColumn.pszText = " Full Name "; lvColumn.iImage = 0; m_List.InsertColumn( 0, &lvColumn); lvColumn.mask = LVCF_FMT | LVCF_TEXT | LVCF_WIDTH; lvColumn.fmt = LVCFMT_LEFT; lvColumn.cx = 100; lvColumn.pszText = " Profession "; m_List.InsertColumn( 1, &lvColumn); lvColumn.mask = LVCF_FMT | LVCF_TEXT | LVCF_WIDTH | LVCF_IMAGE; lvColumn.fmt = LVCFMT_LEFT | LVCFMT_IMAGE; lvColumn.iImage = 1; lvColumn.cx = 80; lvColumn.pszText = " Fav Sport "; m_List.InsertColumn( 2, &lvColumn); lvColumn.mask = LVCF_FMT | LVCF_TEXT | LVCF_WIDTH; lvColumn.fmt = LVCFMT_LEFT; lvColumn.cx = 75; lvColumn.pszText = " Hobby "; m_List.InsertColumn( 3, &lvColumn); return TRUE; // return TRUE unless you set the focus to a control // EXCEPTION: OCX Property Pages should return FALSE }
在控件上使用位图或图标,你应该首先创建位图或图。如果你不打算使用Report View并且你想使用位图,你可以创建一个很长的位图(由一些小的大小相似的位图组成)。每一幅图像供每一个项使用。正常情况下,每个图片应该大小为16*16或者更小。下面是示例:
位图是由6幅相同大小的图片组成的。如果你不打算使用Report View并且你打算使用icons,那么就应该单独的创建16*16大小的icon。
如果你想使用ReportView和其他Views显示控件项,如果你想使用位图,你用该创建两个长位图。一个应该是16*16大小的。这样的图片用来做小图标(small icon),List,和ReportViews。你应该创建第二个位图,大小为32*32。这些图片用来为ListView服务。
在你创建完位图或者图标之后,紧接着声明一个指向CImageList类的指针并且用CImageList::Create方法来初始化。调用CListCtrl::SetImageList()方法来确定有效。语法如下:
CImageList* SetImageList(CImageList* pImageList, int nImageList);
pImageList:CImageList变量或者已被初始化的指针。
nImageList:使用ImageList的类型标识,它可以是如下几个值:
Value | Description |
LVSIL_NORMAL | The image list is made of large bitmap or icons, typically 32x32 |
LVSIL_SMALL | The image list is made of small bitmap or icons, typically 16x16 |
LVSIL_STATE | The image list is made of pictures that will be used as mask |
你可以使用CListCtrl::InsertItem()的几个版本来实现,向列表项关联图片:
int InsertItem( int nItem, LPCTSTR lpszItem, int nImage ); int InsertItem(UINT nMask, int nItem, LPCTSTR lpszItem, UINT nState, UINT nStateMask, int nImage, LPARAM lParam );
nImage:使用图片的索引。
nMask:和LVITEM::mask成员类似,它简单的指定你需要在项上显示的信息。
nState:和LVITEM::state成员变量相似,指定项的行为。是否能被选中,失去焦点时,以及有没有剪切粘贴操作,高亮和拖拽功能。
nStateMask:用来结合nState参数。指定精确的类型信息。
lParam:和TVITEM的lParam成员一样,用来执行指定项的操作,例如牵涉到项的排序和查找。
六、实践学习:为ListCtrl控件项关联位图
1.创建位图,在主菜单,右击工程->添加资源,在添加资源对话框内选择位图->单击新建
2.在设置属性窗口中,改变ID为IDB_SMALLIMG,设置高度为16,宽度为144.设计如下位图:
3.在增加位图,设置ID为IDB_LARGING,设置宽度为32,高度为288。设计位图如下:
4.在主对话框的头文件中声明两个CImageList变量,如下:
private:
CImageList m_SmallImg;
CImageList m_LargeImg;
};
5. 在OnInitDialog()方法中添加如下初始化代码:
m_SmallImg.Create(IDB_SMALLING, 16 , 1 , RGB( 255 , 255 , 255 )); m_LargeImg.Create(IDB_LARGING, 32 , 1 , RGB( 255 , 255 , 245 )); m_StoreItems.SetImageList( & m_SmallImg, LVSIL_SMALL); m_StoreItems.SetImageList( & m_LargeImg, LVSIL_NORMAL);
6.使用图像,改变新建的事件响应函数:
void CDeptStore2Dlg::OnBnClickedNewitem() { // TODO: 在此添加控件通知处理程序代码 CNewStoreItemDlg1 dlg; srand( (unsigned)time(NULL) ); wchar_t strNumber[ 20 ]; int number1 = rand() % 999 ; int number2 = rand() % 999 ; swprintf(strNumber, TEXT( " %d-%d " ), number1, number2); dlg.m_ItemNumber = strNumber; if ( dlg.DoModal() ) { LVITEM lvItem; int nItem; int imgNbr; if ( dlg.m_Categories == TEXT( " Babies " ) ) imgNbr = 0 ; else if ( dlg.m_Categories == TEXT( " Teens " ) ) imgNbr = 1 ; else if ( dlg.m_Categories == TEXT( " Women " ) ) imgNbr = 2 ; else if ( dlg.m_Categories == TEXT( " Men " ) ) imgNbr = 3 ; else // if( dlg.m_Category == "Miscellaneous" ) imgNbr = 4 ; lvItem.mask = LVIF_TEXT; lvItem.iItem = 0 ; lvItem.iSubItem = 0 ; lvItem.iImage = imgNbr; lvItem.pszText = strNumber; nItem = this -> m_StoreItems.InsertItem( & lvItem); this -> m_StoreItems.SetItemText(nItem, 1 , dlg.m_Categories); this -> m_StoreItems.SetItemText(nItem, 2 , dlg.m_ItemName); this -> m_StoreItems.SetItemText(nItem, 3 , dlg.m_ItemSize); this -> m_StoreItems.SetItemText(nItem, 4 , dlg.m_UnitPrice); this -> m_StoreItems.SetItemText(nItem, 5 , dlg.m_Quantity); } }
7.运行程序
<完>