为了充分揭示mycat读写分离、写节点挂掉后的自主切换、路由解析等原理，先搭建mycat测试环境，架构如下：
1、源码安装 mysql
- 安装Linux编译等基础软件
yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ ncurses-devel pcre pcre-devel openssl openssl-devel
- 安装cmake
cmake安装包下载地址：http://pan.baidu.com/s/1qYc1vBI#list/path=%2F
比如将cmake-2.8.5.tar.gz 下载在 /root/download目录下。安装 cmake 操作如下：
cd /root/download
tar -xf cmake-2.8.5.tar.gz
cd cmake-2.8.5
./configure
make
make install
- 安装mysql
//创建mysql用户
useradd -M mysql // 创建mysql用户与用户组，不生成用户主目录
mkdir -p /usr/local/mysqlA
mkdir -p /usr/local/mysqlA/data
cd /root/download //假设mysql.5.6.1.tar.gz 源码安装包放在该目录下
tar -xvf mysql.5.6.1.tar.gz
cd mysql5.6.1
cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysqlA -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysqlA/data
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1
// 用cmake命令编译mysql,如果在编译期间发生错误，请用yum -y install 安装依懒包后，注意先将cmake产生的中间
// 文件删除
# rm -rf CMakeCache.txt
# rm -rf /etc/my.cnf
# cmake 成功后执行 make make install
make
make install
//这样就完成了mysql的基本安装了，接下来cmake指定的目录下，就会出现mysql服务器相关的文件目录。
// 接下来初始化mysql服务器的数据，以及启动服务器，登录服务
cd /usr/local/mysqlA
cp support-files/my-default.cnf my.cnf
vi my.cnf // 修改my.cnf的 基本参数，如下图;
设置 basedir,datadir,port,server_id socket
其中server_id主要用作主从同步时，MySQL的唯一标识，socket：mysql服务的socket文件。继续敲命令：
//初始化mysql数据库的数据，比如mysql,test等数据库。
cd scripts
./mysql_install_db -basedir=/usr/local/mysqlB/ -datadir=/usr/local/mysqlB/data --user=mysql
cd /usr/local
chown -R mysql.mysql mysqlA
cd /usr/local/mysqlA
cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqlA // 做出服务
vi /etc/init.d/mysqlA // 显示指定basedir datadir的值，如下图：
// service mysqlA start | stop | restart
//启动服务,删除/etc/my.cnf文件
rm -rf /etc/my.cnf
service mysqlA start //如果启动失败，根据提示与错误日志定位并解决问
//用root用户 登录，并修改密码。
vi /etc/profile
//增加相关环境变量，方便使用mysql命令
PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin
export PATH
//保存并退出
source /etc/profile
mysql -u root -p -S /usr/local/mysqlA/mysql.sock
//直接回车进入到mysql操作界面
mysql:use mysql
mysql:update user set password=password('密码') where user='root';
mysql: //创建用户dev_user，可以支持远程，本地访问
mysql: grant all privileges on *.* to 'dev_user'@'%' identified by '密码';
//有的版本，使用%,可能会导致本机无法登录，故再创建一个用户
mysql: grant all privileges on *.* to 'dev_user'@'localhost' identified by '密码';
mysql:flush privileges;
//退出重新登录。
// 如需要将mysql做成系统启动项：
chkconfig --level 2345 mysqlA on
上面给出了源码编译安装mysql5.6的相关步骤与命令，如在安装过程中出现问题，请根据提示信息和错误日志，百度解决之。
2、Mysql 主从同步配置
在同一台虚拟机上安装两个mysql实例，组成主从复制结构、直接从mysqlA复制一个到mysqlB目录，然后做一些处理即可，
cd /usr/local
cp -R mysqlA mysqlB
//修改my.cnf 中的路径与端口
//然后删除mysqlB/data中的所有数据，
cd mysqlB/data
rm -rf *
//然后执行初始化遇见 ./mysql_install 见上文
cd /usr/local
chown -R mysql.mysql mysqlB
//接下来启动服务器，修改密码，创建账户等等与mysql安装一样。接下来配置主从配置
// 修改主mysql的my.cnf，加上如下配置：
补充：binlog_format=mixed
//然后重启并进入服务器：
//创建主从同步账户
grant REPLICATION SLAVE on *.* to 'repl_user'@'192.168.0.*' identified by '密码';
grant REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* to 'repl_user'@'localhost' identified by ''密码;
flush privileges;
show master status;
留意 File 与 Position 两个字段的值。
// 最简单的主从同步，不需要修改slave的my.cnf内容
// 直接登陆到从mysql,执行如下语句：
mysql: change master to master_host=' 192.168.0.222', master_port=3306 ,master_user='repl_user', master_password='123456', master_log_file='mysql-bin.000002', master_log_pos=120;
mysql: start slave;
mysql:show slave status\G
主从配置配置完毕，测试是否正确同步，接下来master上创建我们做读写分离的数据，看slave上是否正确同步：
create database acc_user_db1 default character set utf8;
create database acc_user_db2 default character set utf8;
create database es_db1 default character set utf8;
create database es_db2 default character set utf8;
然后，通用的方式安装mysqlC,mysqlD,mysqlE等数据库实例。
3、mycat 配置
3.1 全局序列化配置
请参考权威指南（全局序列化）章节相关内容，或参考博客：http://blog.csdn.net/prestigeding/article/details/52702057
3.1.1 scheam.xml配置
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">
<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
<!-- 电商平台 逻辑数据库 -->
<schema name="es_db" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="dn1_es">
<!-- 商品分类相关的表 【全局表】 start-->
<table name="es_goods_class" dataNode="dn1_es,dn2_es" type="global"/>
<table name="es_goods_class_tag" dataNode="dn1_es,dn2_es" type="global"/>
<table name="es_goods_class_tag_mapping" dataNode="dn1_es,dn2_es" type="global"/>
<table name="es_goods_class_tag_show_mapping" dataNode="dn1_es,dn2_es" type="global"/>
<table name="es_goods_template" dataNode="dn1_es,dn2_es" type="global"/>
<table name="es_goods_template_item" dataNode="dn1_es,dn2_es" type="global"/>
<table name="es_goods_template_item_value" dataNode="dn1_es,dn2_es" type="global"/>
<!-- 商品分类相关的表 【全局表】 end -->
<!-- 其他 【全局表】 start-->
<table name="es_hot_city" dataNode="dn1_es,dn2_es" type="global"/>
<table name="es_logistics_code" dataNode="dn1_es,dn2_es" type="global"/>
<!-- 其他 表 【全局表】 end-->
<!-- 商家与商品系列表，，ER分片思想 start -->
<table name="es_seller" dataNode="dn1_es,dn2_es" primaryKey="id" rule="rule_mod_byId">
<!-- 下面配置ER字表，parentKey,设置为数据库的参考键，分片字段由joinKey指定 -->
<childTable name="es_seller_area" joinKey="seller_id" parentKey="id" primaryKey="id"></childTable>
<childTable name="es_seller_community" joinKey="seller_id" parentKey="id" primaryKey="id"></childTable>
<childTable name="es_seller_image" joinKey="seller_id" parentKey="id" primaryKey="id"></childTable>
<childTable name="es_order_report_file" joinKey="seller_id" parentKey="id" primaryKey="id"></childTable>
<childTable name="es_goods" joinKey="seller_id" parentKey="id" primaryKey="id"></childTable>
<childTable name="es_goods_community" joinKey="seller_id" parentKey="id" primaryKey="id"></childTable>
<childTable name="es_goods_detail_image" joinKey="seller_id" parentKey="id" primaryKey="id"></childTable>
<childTable name="es_goods_free_carriage" joinKey="seller_id" parentKey="id" primaryKey="id"></childTable>
<childTable name="es_goods_image" joinKey="seller_id" parentKey="id" primaryKey="id"></childTable>
<childTable name="es_goods_modify" joinKey="seller_id" parentKey="id" primaryKey="id"></childTable>
<childTable name="es_goods_nosupp_area" joinKey="seller_id" parentKey="id" primaryKey="id"></childTable>
<childTable name="es_sku" joinKey="seller_id" parentKey="id" primaryKey="id"></childTable>
<childTable name="es_sku_item" joinKey="seller_id" parentKey="id" primaryKey="id"></childTable>
<childTable name="es_community_sku" joinKey="seller_id" parentKey="id" primaryKey="id"></childTable>
<childTable name="es_order_returned_reason" joinKey="seller_id" parentKey="id" primaryKey="id"></childTable>
<childTable name="es_goods_review" joinKey="seller_id" parentKey="id" primaryKey="id"></childTable>
<childTable name="es_goods_review_content" joinKey="seller_id" parentKey="id" primaryKey="id"></childTable>
<childTable name="es_goods_review_image" joinKey="seller_id" parentKey="id" primaryKey="id"></childTable>
</table>
<!-- 商家与商品系列表，，ER分片思想 end-->
<!-- 订单相关表，，ER分片思想 start -->
<table name="es_user" dataNode="dn1_es,dn2_es" primaryKey="id" rule="rule_mod_byId">
<childTable name="es_order" joinKey="creator" parentKey="id" primaryKey="id"></childTable>
<childTable name="es_order_item" joinKey="creator" parentKey="id" primaryKey="id"></childTable>
<childTable name="es_order_sku_item" joinKey="creator" parentKey="id" primaryKey="id"></childTable>
<childTable name="es_order_returned" joinKey="creator" parentKey="id" primaryKey="id"></childTable>
<childTable name="es_order_returned_image" joinKey="creator" parentKey="id" primaryKey="id"></childTable>
<childTable name="es_recive_address" joinKey="creator" parentKey="id" primaryKey="id"></childTable>
<!-- 购物车 -->
<childTable name="es_shopcar" joinKey="creator" parentKey="id" primaryKey="id"></childTable>
</table>
<!-- 订单相关表，，ER分片思想 end -->
</schema>
<!-- 账户平台子系统 分片1,2
<dataNode name="dn1_acc" dataHost="host_masterA" database="acc_db" />
<dataNode name="dn2_acc" dataHost="host_masterD" database="acc_db" />
-->
<!-- 电商平台子系统 分片1,2 -->
<dataNode name="dn1_es" dataHost="host_masterA" database="es_db" />
<dataNode name="dn2_es" dataHost="host_masterD" database="es_db" />
<dataHost name="host_masterA" maxCon="100" minCon="10" balance="1"
writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1" slaveThreshold="100">
<!-- switchType =1 自动切换，，2:为主从切换，心跳语句 show slave status -->
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
<writeHost host="mysqlA" url="192.168.56.116:3306" user="root"
password="123456">
<!-- can have multi read hosts -->
<readHost host="mysqlB" url="192.168.56.116:3307" user="root" password="123456" />
</writeHost>
<writeHost host="mysqlC" url="192.168.56.116:3308" user="root"
password="123456" />
</dataHost>
<dataHost name="host_masterD" maxCon="100" minCon="10" balance="1"
writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1" slaveThreshold="100">
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
<!-- can have multi write hosts -->
<writeHost host="mysqlD" url="192.168.56.116:3309" user="root"
password="123456">
<!-- can have multi read hosts -->
<readHost host="mysqlE" url="192.168.56.116:3310" user="root" password="123456" />
</writeHost>
</dataHost>
</mycat:schema>关于表结构脚步，由于某些原因不方便公开，这里建议就是，自己根据经验，创建一系列表，这里主要的核心是，全局表、ER表。
3.1.2 rule.xml配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- - - Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. - You
may obtain a copy of the License at - - http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- - Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software -
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, - WITHOUT
WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. - See the
License for the specific language governing permissions and - limitations
under the License. -->
<!DOCTYPE mycat:rule SYSTEM "rule.dtd">
<mycat:rule xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
<!-- 表分片规则，分片字段 主键id ,求模 -->
<tableRule name="rule_mod_byId">
<rule>
<columns>id</columns>
<algorithm>mod-long</algorithm>
</rule>
</tableRule>
<!-- 取模规则 -->
<function name="mod-long" class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByMod">
<!-- how many data nodes -->
<property name="count">2</property>
</function>
</mycat:rule>3.1.3 server.xml配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- - - Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. - You
may obtain a copy of the License at - - http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- - Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software -
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, - WITHOUT
WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. - See the
License for the specific language governing permissions and - limitations
under the License. -->
<!DOCTYPE mycat:server SYSTEM "server.dtd">
<mycat:server xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
<system>
<property name="useHandshakeV10">1</property>
<property name="useSqlStat">0</property> <!-- 1为开启实时统计、0为关闭 -->
<property name="useGlobleTableCheck">0</property> <!-- 1为开启全加班一致性检测、0为关闭 -->
<property name="sequnceHandlerType">1</property>
<!-- <property name="useCompression">1</property>--> <!--1为开启mysql压缩协议-->
<!-- <property name="fakeMySQLVersion">5.6.20</property>--> <!--设置模拟的MySQL版本号-->
<!-- <property name="processorBufferChunk">40960</property> -->
<!--
<property name="processors">1</property>
<property name="processorExecutor">32</property>
-->
<!--默认为type 0: DirectByteBufferPool | type 1 ByteBufferArena-->
<property name="processorBufferPoolType">0</property>
<!--默认是65535 64K 用于sql解析时最大文本长度 -->
<!--<property name="maxStringLiteralLength">65535</property>-->
<!--<property name="sequnceHandlerType">0</property>-->
<!--<property name="backSocketNoDelay">1</property>-->
<!--<property name="frontSocketNoDelay">1</property>-->
<!--<property name="processorExecutor">16</property>-->
<!--
<property name="serverPort">8066</property> <property name="managerPort">9066</property>
<property name="idleTimeout">300000</property> <property name="bindIp">0.0.0.0</property>
<property name="frontWriteQueueSize">4096</property> <property name="processors">32</property> -->
<!--分布式事务开关，0为不过滤分布式事务，1为过滤分布式事务（如果分布式事务内只涉及全局表，则不过滤），2为不过滤分布式事务,但是记录分布式事务日志-->
<property name="handleDistributedTransactions">0</property>
<!--
off heap for merge/order/group/limit 1开启 0关闭
-->
<property name="useOffHeapForMerge">1</property>
<!--
单位为m
-->
<property name="memoryPageSize">1m</property>
<!--
单位为k
-->
<property name="spillsFileBufferSize">1k</property>
<property name="useStreamOutput">0</property>
<!--
单位为m
-->
<property name="systemReserveMemorySize">384m</property>
<!--是否采用zookeeper协调切换 -->
<property name="useZKSwitch">true</property>
<!-- XA Recovery Log日志路径 -->
<!--<property name="XARecoveryLogBaseDir">./</property>-->
<!-- XA Recovery Log日志名称 -->
<!--<property name="XARecoveryLogBaseName">tmlog</property>-->
</system>
<!-- 全局SQL防火墙设置 -->
<!--白名单可以使用通配符%或着*-->
<!--例如<host host="127.0.0.*" user="root"/>-->
<!--例如<host host="127.0.*" user="root"/>-->
<!--例如<host host="127.*" user="root"/>-->
<!--例如<host host="1*7.*" user="root"/>-->
<!--这些配置情况下对于127.0.0.1都能以root账户登录-->
<!--
<firewall>
<whitehost>
<host host="1*7.0.0.*" user="root"/>
</whitehost>
<blacklist check="false">
</blacklist>
</firewall>
-->
<user name="root">
<property name="password">123456</property>
<property name="schemas">es_db</property>
<!-- 表级 DML 权限设置 -->
<!--
<privileges check="false">
<schema name="TESTDB" dml="0110" >
<table name="tb01" dml="0000"></table>
<table name="tb02" dml="1111"></table>
</schema>
</privileges>
-->
</user>
<user name="user">
<property name="password">user</property>
<property name="schemas">es_db</property>
<property name="readOnly">true</property>
</user>
</mycat:server>本文展示mycat读写分离，写节点故障转移、全局序列号等配置过程，初步搭建了一个mycat的运行环境。为接下来 路由解析、读写分离、故障转移，存储过程执行等等打下坚实基础。
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