Tkinter 8.5 参考手册: a GUI for Python

本手册翻译自http://infohost.nmt.edu/tcc/help/pubs/tkinter/web/index.html


摘要

本手册描述了用于在Python程序语言中构建图形用户界面(GUIs)的Tkinter组件,包括ttk主题的组件。

本手册的发行物可以 在线形式 或者是 PDF 文档形式 阅读。请发送评论意见和评论到 tcc-doc@nmt.edu.


1. 一个为Python建造图形用户界面的交互式平台

Tkinter  是为Python设置的一个 GUI (图形用户界面) 组件。本手册的内容是面向运行在Linux下 X Window 系统的 Python 2.7 和 Tkinter 8.5。 你的版本可能与此不同。

参考文献:

我们将通过查看 Tkinter 的可见部分开始Tkinter: 创建小部件,并安排他们在屏幕上。稍后我们将讨论如何联系表面——应用程序的“前面板”和它背后的逻辑。


2. 一个最小的程序

这是一个很微不足道的 Tkinter 程序,它只包含一个退出按钮:

#!/usr/bin/env python      1
import Tkinter as tk       2

class Application(tk.Frame):              3
    def __init__(self, master=None):
        tk.Frame.__init__(self, master)   4
        self.grid()                       5
        self.createWidgets()

    def createWidgets(self):
        self.quitButton = tk.Button(self, text='Quit',
            command=self.quit)            6
        self.quitButton.grid()            7

app = Application()                       8
app.master.title('Sample application')    9
app.mainloop()                            10
1假设你的系统中正确安装了Python,此使脚本自动执行
2此行导入Tkinter 的模块到你的程序的名字空间,但将其重命名为 tk 。
3您的Application类必须继承自TkinterFrame 类。
4调用构造函数的父类, Frame 。
5必须使应用程序实际上出现在屏幕上。
6创建标签为“Quit”的按钮。
7把这个按钮放置在应用程序中。
8主程序通过实例化 Application 类,在此开始。
9此方法调用设置的了应用程序的标题为 “Sample application”.
10启动应用程序的主循环,等待鼠标和键盘事件。
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Abstract Describes the Tkinter widget set for constructing graphical user interfaces (GUIs) in the Python programming language. This publication is available in Web form1 and also as a PDF document2. Please forward any comments to [email protected]. Table of Contents 1. What is Tkinter?.......................................................................................................................3 2. A minimal application..............................................................................................................3 3. Definitions..............................................................................................................................4 4. Layout management.................................................................................................................5 4.1. The .grid() method....................................................................................................5 4.2. Other grid management methods...................................................................................6 4.3. Configuring column and row sizes.................................................................................7 4.4. Making the root window resizeable................................................................................8 5. Standard attributes...................................................................................................................8 5.1. Dimensions...................................................................................................................9 5.2. The coordinate system...................................................................................................9 5.3. Colors...........................................................................................................................9 5.4. Type fonts...................................................................................................................10 5.5. Anchors......................................................................................................................11 5.6. Relief styles.................................................................................................................12 5.7. Bitmaps.......................................................................................................................12 5.8. Cursors.......................................................................................................................12 5.9. Images........................................................................................................................14 5.10. Geometry strings........................................................................................................14 5.11. Window names...........................................................................................................15 5.12. Cap and join styles.....................................................................................................15 5.13. Dash patterns.............................................................................................................16 5.14. Matching stipple patterns............................................................................................16 6. The Button widget................................................................................................................17 7. The Canvas widget................................................................................................................19 7.1. Canvas coordinates......................................................................................................20 7.2. The Canvas display list................................................................................................20 7.3. Canvas object IDs........................................................................................................21 7.4. Canvas tags................................................................................................................21 1http://www.nmt.edu/tcc/help/pubs/tkinter/ 2http://www.nmt.edu/tcc/help/pubs/tkinter/tkinter.pdf 1 Tkinter reference New Mexico Tech Computer Center 7.5. CanvastagOrId arguments......................................................................................21 7.6. Methods on Canvas widgets........................................................................................21 7.7. Canvas arc objects.......................................................................................................26 7.8. Canvas bitmap objects.................................................................................................28 7.9. Canvas image objects..................................................................................................29 7.10. Canvas line objects.....................................................................................................29 7.11. Canvas oval objects....................................................................................................31 7.12. Canvas polygon objects..............................................................................................32 7.13. Canvas rectangle objects.............................................................................................34 7.14. Canvas text objects.....................................................................................................35 7.15. Canvas window objects..............................................................................................36 8. The Checkbutton widget......................................................................................................37 9. The Entry widget..................................................................................................................40 9.1. Scrolling an Entry widget............................................................................................43 10. The Frame widget................................................................................................................43 11. The Label widget................................................................................................................44 12. The LabelFrame widget......................................................................................................46 13. The Listbox widget............................................................................................................48 13.1. Scrolling a Listbox widget........................................................................................52 14. The Menu widget..................................................................................................................52 14.1. Menu item creation (coption) options.........................................................................55 14.2. Top-level menus.........................................................................................................56 15. The Menubutton widget......................................................................................................57 16. The Message widget............................................................................................................59 17. The OptionMenu widget.......................................................................................................60 18. The PanedWindow widget....................................................................................................61 18.1. PanedWindow child configuration options...................................................................63 19. The Radiobutton widget....................................................................................................64 20. The Scale widget................................................................................................................67 21. The Scrollbar widget........................................................................................................70 21.1. The Scrollbarcommand callback............................................................................72 21.2. Connecting a Scrollbar to another widget................................................................73 22. The Spinbox widget............................................................................................................73 23. The Text widget..................................................................................................................78 23.1. Text widget indices...................................................................................................80 23.2. Text widget marks....................................................................................................81 23.3. Text widget images...................................................................................................82 23.4. Text widget windows...............................................................................................82 23.5. Text widget tags.......................................................................................................82 23.6. Setting tabs in a Text widget......................................................................................83 23.7. The Text widget undo/redo stack..............................................................................83 23.8. Methods on Text widgets..........................................................................................84 24. Toplevel: Top-level window methods..................................................................................91 25. Universal widget methods.....................................................................................................93 26. Standardizing appearance...................................................................................................101 26.1. How to name a widget class......................................................................................102 26.2. How to name a widget instance.................................................................................102 26.3. Resource specification lines.......................................................................................102 26.4. Rules for resource matching......................................................................................103 27. Connecting your application logic to the widgets...................................................................104 28. Control variables: the values behind the widgets...................................................................104 29. Focus: routing keyboard input.............................................................................................106 New Mexico Tech Computer Center Tkinter reference 2 30. Events................................................................................................................................107 30.1. Levels of binding......................................................................................................108 30.2. Event sequences.......................................................................................................109 30.3. Event types..............................................................................................................109 30.4. Event modifiers........................................................................................................110 30.5. Key names...............................................................................................................111 30.6. Writing your handler: The Event class......................................................................113 30.7. The extra arguments trick..........................................................................................115 30.8. Virtual events...........................................................................................................116 31. Pop-up dialogs....................................................................................................................116 31.1. The tkMessageBox dialogs module..........................................................................116 31.2. The tkFileDialog module.....................................................................................118 31.3. The tkColorChooser module.................................................................................119

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