【读书笔记】【Delphi高手突破】TCanvas

1，VCL将GDI的设备抽象成一个画布（Canvas）

TCanvas = class(TPersistent)
private
FHandle: HDC;
State: TCanvasState;
FFont: TFont;
FPen: TPen;
FBrush: TBrush;
FPenPos: TPoint;
FCopyMode: TCopyMode;
FOnChange: TNotifyEvent;
FOnChanging: TNotifyEvent;
FLock: TRTLCriticalSection;
FLockCount: Integer;
FTextFlags: Longint;
procedure CreateBrush;
procedure CreateFont;
procedure CreatePen;
procedure BrushChanged(ABrush: TObject);
procedure DeselectHandles;
function GetCanvasOrientation: TCanvasOrientation;
function GetClipRect: TRect;
function GetHandle: HDC;
function GetPenPos: TPoint;
function GetPixel(X, Y: Integer): TColor;
procedure FontChanged(AFont: TObject);
procedure PenChanged(APen: TObject);
procedure SetBrush(Value: TBrush);
procedure SetFont(Value: TFont);
procedure SetHandle(Value: HDC);
procedure SetPen(Value: TPen);
procedure SetPenPos(Value: TPoint);
procedure SetPixel(X, Y: Integer; Value: TColor);
protected
procedure Changed; virtual;
procedure Changing; virtual;
procedure CreateHandle; virtual;
procedure RequiredState(ReqState: TCanvasState);
public
constructor Create;
destructor Destroy; override;
procedure Arc(X1, Y1, X2, Y2, X3, Y3, X4, Y4: Integer);
procedure BrushCopy(const Dest: TRect; Bitmap: TBitmap;
const Source: TRect; Color: TColor);
procedure Chord(X1, Y1, X2, Y2, X3, Y3, X4, Y4: Integer);
procedure CopyRect(const Dest: TRect; Canvas: TCanvas;
const Source: TRect);
procedure Draw(X, Y: Integer; Graphic: TGraphic);
procedure DrawFocusRect(const Rect: TRect);
procedure Ellipse(X1, Y1, X2, Y2: Integer); overload;
procedure Ellipse(const Rect: TRect); overload;
procedure FillRect(const Rect: TRect);
procedure FloodFill(X, Y: Integer; Color: TColor;
FillStyle: TFillStyle);
procedure FrameRect(const Rect: TRect);
function HandleAllocated: Boolean;
procedure LineTo(X, Y: Integer);
procedure Lock;
procedure MoveTo(X, Y: Integer);
procedure Pie(X1, Y1, X2, Y2, X3, Y3, X4, Y4: Integer);
procedure Polygon(const Points: array of TPoint);
procedure Polyline(const Points: array of TPoint);
procedure PolyBezier(const Points: array of TPoint);
procedure PolyBezierTo(const Points: array of TPoint);
procedure Rectangle(X1, Y1, X2, Y2: Integer); overload;
procedure Rectangle(const Rect: TRect); overload;
procedure Refresh;
procedure RoundRect(X1, Y1, X2, Y2, X3, Y3: Integer);
procedure StretchDraw(const Rect: TRect; Graphic: TGraphic);
function TextExtent(const Text: string): TSize;
function TextHeight(const Text: string): Integer;
procedure TextOut(X, Y: Integer; const Text: string);
procedure TextRect(Rect: TRect; X, Y: Integer; const Text: string);
function TextWidth(const Text: string): Integer;
function TryLock: Boolean;
procedure Unlock;
property ClipRect: TRect read GetClipRect;
property Handle: HDC read GetHandle write SetHandle;
property LockCount: Integer read FLockCount;
property CanvasOrientation: TCanvasOrientation read GetCanvasOrientation;
property PenPos: TPoint read GetPenPos write SetPenPos;
property Pixels[X, Y: Integer]: TColor read GetPixel write SetPixel;
property TextFlags: Longint read FTextFlags write FTextFlags;
property OnChange: TNotifyEvent read FOnChange write FOnChange;
property OnChanging: TNotifyEvent read FOnChanging write FOnChanging;
published
property Brush: TBrush read FBrush write SetBrush;
property CopyMode: TCopyMode read FCopyMode write FCopyMode
default cmSrcCopy;
property Font: TFont read FFont write SetFont;
property Pen: TPen read FPen write SetPen;
end;

TCanvas如何获取句柄？

答案：property Handle: HDC read GetHandle write SetHandle;

TCanvas的作用？

答案：

1，TCanvas内部还拥有各种GDI基础对象的抽象，如TPen、TBrush、TFont这样的子对象，并且在TCanvas的构造函数中便创建它们的实例

2，TCanvas提供了对应于GDI绘图API的各种方法，包括在“画布”上绘制各种形状的方法，如LineTo()（画直线）、Rectangle()（画矩形）、Ellipse()（画圆/椭圆）以及直接贴位图的Draw()等。

TCanvas调用API，执行画图的路线（画直线为例）？

答案：

1,FPen := TPen.Create;

2,获取句柄（组件来完成）。（在SetHandle()方法中，除了设置FHandle的值外，还会调用SetPenPos()方法设置“画笔”的起始坐标点。）

3，TCanvas的LineTo()方法来使用画笔进行画线（首先调用RequiredState()方法，在RequiredState()方法中，会再调用CreatePen()方法来选中当前的画笔对象【在CreatePen()方法中，执行了API函数SelectObject()，将Pen对象选为当前画笔对象】）

4，最后，LineTo()方法中调用API函数LineTo()来画出直线：
Windows.LineTo(FHandle, X, Y);