理解java中的mmap

jdk中的MappedByteBuffer非常类似linux中的mmap将文件映射到虚拟内存，这样可以利用操作系统自带的虚拟内存实现来

提高io效率, 很多文档中提到这一点，具体大家可以自行测试。

MappedByteBuffer有3种映射模式：

MapMode.READ_ONLY:只读映射

MapMode.READ_WRITE​：读写映射

MapMode.PRIVATE​：copy on write映射,一旦需要改变原有buffer，拷贝一份原来的

本文通过一种测试代码来理解MappedByteBuffer使用MapMode.READ_WRITE以及MapMode.PRIVATE，特别是MAP_MODE.PRIVATE模式​

public class MMapTest {

	private static FileChannel channel;

	@BeforeClass
	public static void runBeforeClass() throws FileNotFoundException {
		String path = MMapTest.class.getResource("/test.txt").getPath();
		File file = new File(path);
		channel = new RandomAccessFile(file, "rw").getChannel();

	}

	@AfterClass
	public static void runAfterClass() throws IOException {
		channel.close();
	}

	@Before
	public void runBeforeEveryTest() throws IOException {
		ByteBuffer temp = ByteBuffer.allocate(100);
		temp.put("12345".getBytes());
		temp.flip();
		channel.truncate(5);
		channel.write(temp);
	}

	/**
	 * 
	 * @author weip.pengw
	 * @time 2012-3-19 下午02:53:21
	 * @param buffer
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public static String dumpBuffer(ByteBuffer buffer) throws Exception {

		StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
		int nulls = 0;
		int limit = buffer.limit();
		for (int i = 0; i < limit; i++) {
			char c = (char) buffer.get(i);
			if (c == '\u0000') {
				nulls++;
				continue;
			}

			if (nulls != 0) {
				sb.append("|[" + nulls + " nulls]|");
				nulls = 0;
			}
			sb.append(c);
		}
		return sb.toString();
	}

	/**
	 * 
	 * @author weip.pengw
	 * @throws Exception
	 * @time 2012-3-19 下午02:45:28
	 */
	@Test
	public void testCopyOnWrite() throws Exception {
		// 产生一个文件，文件跨内存页
		ByteBuffer temp = ByteBuffer.allocate(100);
		temp.put("This is the file content".getBytes());
		temp.flip();
		channel.write(temp, 0);
		temp.clear();
		temp.put("This is more file content".getBytes());
		temp.flip();
		channel.write(temp, 8192);

		// 产生两个MAPFILE
		MappedByteBuffer rw = channel.map(FileChannel.MapMode.READ_WRITE, 0,
				channel.size());
		MappedByteBuffer cow = channel.map(FileChannel.MapMode.PRIVATE, 0,
				channel.size());

		// 测试之前
		assertThat(
				dumpBuffer(rw),
				is("This is the file content|[8168 nulls]|This is more file content"));
		assertThat(
				dumpBuffer(cow),
				is("This is the file content|[8168 nulls]|This is more file content"));

		// 测试step1，修改rw前几个字节
		rw.position(0);
		rw.put("RW".getBytes());
		rw.force();
		assertThat(
				dumpBuffer(rw),
				is("RWis is the file content|[8168 nulls]|This is more file content"));
		assertThat(
				dumpBuffer(cow),
				is("RWis is the file content|[8168 nulls]|This is more file content"));

		// 测试step2，修改cow前几个字节,触发copy on write
		cow.position(0);
		cow.put("COW".getBytes());
		assertThat(
				dumpBuffer(rw),
				is("RWis is the file content|[8168 nulls]|This is more file content"));
		assertThat(
				dumpBuffer(cow),
				is("COWs is the file content|[8168 nulls]|This is more file content"));

		// 测试step3，修改rw的最后几个字节,cow后面的字节反应了改变
		rw.position(8192);
		rw.put("RW".getBytes());
		rw.force();
		assertThat(
				dumpBuffer(rw),
				is("RWis is the file content|[8168 nulls]|RWis is more file content"));
		assertThat(
				dumpBuffer(cow),
				is("COWs is the file content|[8168 nulls]|RWis is more file content"));

		// 测试step4，修改cow的最后几个字节,再次触发copy on write
		cow.position(8192);
		cow.put("COW".getBytes());
		assertThat(
				dumpBuffer(rw),
				is("RWis is the file content|[8168 nulls]|RWis is more file content"));
		assertThat(
				dumpBuffer(cow),
				is("COWs is the file content|[8168 nulls]|COWs is more file content"));

		// 测试step5，再次修改rw的前后几个字节,对cow没有了影响
		rw.position(0);
		rw.put("RW2".getBytes());
		rw.position(8192);
		rw.put("RW2".getBytes());
		rw.force();
		assertThat(
				dumpBuffer(rw),
				is("RW2s is the file content|[8168 nulls]|RW2s is more file content"));
		assertThat(
				dumpBuffer(cow),
				is("COWs is the file content|[8168 nulls]|COWs is more file content"));

		// cleanup
		// channel.close();

	}

重点看看代码中的测试方法testCopyOnWrite

1）产生一个较大空洞文件(本文操过8k)，使得操作系统（代码在ubuntu10.04测试通过）无法在一页能映射该文件（跨内存页），这样才会有测试效果

2）将文件映射到两个MappedByteBuffer实例，一个是MapMode.READ_WRITE模式简称rw,一个是FileChannel.MapMode.PRIVATE模式简称cow

3) 测试之前，两个buff实例内容一致

4）第1步测试修改rw实例，由于没有触发copy on write,所以两个buff实例内容一致

5) 第2步测试修改cow实例的前几个字节，cow的修改只影响它本身，因为它修改的时候实际上重新拷贝了一份

6）第3步测试修改rw实例的后几个字节，居然在cow实例中能看到，之前不是说cow拷贝了一份吗？原因后面说

7）第4步测试修改cow实例的后几个字节，​cow的修改只影响它本身

8）第5步测试修改rw实例的前后字节，发现都没反映在cow实例中，的确和6）有所不同。

这说明：

• 一开始没有修改cow,会共用rw的内存，
• 当cow修改了前几个字节，cow会拷贝内存，但明显cow实例是按内存页拷贝的，由于文件较长，​所以只拷贝了前一个部分，前面的是自己的，后面是共享的
• ​当cow修改了后几个字节​，cow才拷贝后面的内存页，这样的话，bw对文件后面的修改，cow也就看不到了