Linq(2.分组、排序、筛选)

筛选

查询姓氏为A开头的冠军赛车手，并按胜利场数进行倒序排列。

            //得到所有冠军赛车手
            IList<Racer> champions_racers = Formula1.GetChampions();

            //linq查询
            var query = from r in champions_racers 
                        where r.LastName.StartsWith("A")
                        orderby r.Wins descending select r;

            foreach (var item in query)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(item.ToString("A"));
            }
            Console.WriteLine("==========================================");

索引器筛选

是用linq进行查询，其实最终编译器还是将其转换为调用扩展方法,但是有些扩展的查询是不能用linq完成的，如：Where有带两个参数的扩展查询，linq就不能完成其操作，又如：按类型查询OfType等、

查询姓氏为A开头的冠军赛车手，并按胜利场数进行倒序排列。索引为奇数

            //得到所有冠军赛车手
            IList<Racer> champions_racers = Formula1.GetChampions();
            //使用扩展方法进行查询
            var query = champions_racers.Where((r, index) => r.LastName.StartsWith("A") && index % 2 != 0).OrderByDescending(r => r.Wins);
            foreach (var item in query)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(item.ToString("A"));
            }
            Console.WriteLine("==========================================");

类型筛选

            ArrayList list = new ArrayList() { 'A', 'B', 3, 0.5, "Hello", "Word" };
            foreach (var item in list.OfType<string>())
            {
                Console.WriteLine(item);
            }

复合的from语句

使用linq查询使用法拉利赢得冠军的赛车手名字。

            //得到所有冠军赛车手
            IList<Racer> champions_racers = Formula1.GetChampions();
            var query = from r in champions_racers
                        from c in r.Cars
                        where c == "Ferrari"
                        orderby r.LastName
                        select r.FirstName + " " + r.LastName;
            foreach (var item in query)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(item);
            }

将上续查询转换为使用扩展方法查询

            //得到所有冠军赛车手
            IList<Racer> champions_racers = Formula1.GetChampions();
            var query = champions_racers.SelectMany(r => r.Cars, (r, c) => new { Racer = r, Car = c })
                .Where(r => r.Car == "Ferrari")
                .OrderBy(r => r.Racer.LastName)
                .Select(r => r.Racer.FirstName + " " + r.Racer.LastName);
            foreach (var item in query)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(item);
            }

C#编译器会把复合的from语句转换为SelectMany方法。

排序

前面已经使用到过排序 orderby descending，但是多字段排序，用扩展方法的语法，怎么写呢？

            var query = from r in champions_racers where r.LastName.StartsWith("A") orderby r.FirstName descending, r.Wins descending select r;
            foreach (var item in query)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(item.ToString("A"));
            }

对应

var query = champions_racers.Where(r => r.LastName.StartsWith("A"))
                .OrderByDescending(r => r.FirstName)
                .ThenByDescending(r => r.Wins)
                .Select(r => r);

分组

分组查询每个国家获得冠军的赛车手人数，人数必须大于2，返回国家名称、国家赛车手冠军数量

            var query = from r in champions_racers
                        group r by r.Country into g
                        orderby g.Count() descending, g.Key
                        where g.Count() >= 2
                        select new { Country=g.Key,count=g.Count() };
            foreach (var g in query)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Country={0},Count={1}",g.Country,g.count);
            }

转换为扩展方法

            var query = champions_racers.GroupBy(r => r.Country)
                .OrderByDescending(g => g.Count())
                .ThenBy(g => g.Key)
                .Where(g => g.Count() >= 2)
                .Select(g => new { Country = g.Key, count = g.Count() });

嵌套的分组

分组查询每个国家获得冠军的赛车手人数，人数必须大于2，返回国家名称、国家赛车手冠军数量、赛车手名称

            var query = from r in champions_racers
                        group r by r.Country into g
                        orderby g.Count() descending, g.Key
                        where g.Count() >= 2
                        select new { Country = g.Key, count = g.Count(),
                            RacerNickName= from r1 in g orderby r1.FirstName select r1.FirstName+" "+r1.LastName
                        };

            foreach (var g in query)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Country={0},Count={1}",g.Country,g.count);
                foreach (var item in g.RacerNickName)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine(item);
                }
            }

对应的扩展方法

            var query = champions_racers.GroupBy(r => r.Country)
                .OrderByDescending(g => g.Count())
                .ThenBy(g => g.Key)
                .Where(g => g.Count() >= 2)
                .Select(g => new { Country = g.Key, count = g.Count(),
                                   RacerNickName = g.OrderBy(r1 => r1.FirstName).Select(r1 => r1.FirstName + " " + r1.LastName)
                });
            foreach (var g in query)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Country={0},Count={1}",g.Country,g.count);
                foreach (var item in g.RacerNickName)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine(item);
                }
            }