Spring事务配置的五种方式

  前段时间对Spring的事务配置做了比较深入的研究,在此之间对Spring的事务配置虽说也配置过,但是一直没有一个清楚的认识。通过这次的学习发觉Spring的事务配置只要把思路理清,还是比较好掌握的。

    总结如下:

    Spring配置文件中关于事务配置总是由三个组成部分,分别是DataSource、TransactionManager和代理机制这三部分,无论哪种配置方式,一般变化的只是代理机制这部分。

    DataSource、TransactionManager这两部分只是会根据数据访问方式有所变化,比如使用Hibernate进行数据访问时,DataSource实际为SessionFactory,TransactionManager的实现为HibernateTransactionManager。

    具体如下图:

Spring事务配置 (2)

    根据代理机制的不同,总结了五种Spring事务的配置方式,配置文件如下:

    第一种方式:每个Bean都有一个代理

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
< beans  xmlns ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi
="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xsi:schemaLocation ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd"
>

    
< bean  id ="sessionFactory"   
            class
="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" >   
        
< property  name ="configLocation"  value ="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"   />   
        
< property  name ="configurationClass"  value ="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"   />
    
</ bean >   

    
<!--  定义事务管理器(声明式的事务)  -->   
    
< bean  id ="transactionManager"
        class
="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" >
        
< property  name ="sessionFactory"  ref ="sessionFactory"   />
    
</ bean >
    
    
<!--  配置DAO  -->
    
< bean  id ="userDaoTarget"  class ="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl" >
        
< property  name ="sessionFactory"  ref ="sessionFactory"   />
    
</ bean >
    
    
< bean  id ="userDao"   
        class
="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean" >   
           
<!--  配置事务管理器  -->   
           
< property  name ="transactionManager"  ref ="transactionManager"   />      
        
< property  name ="target"  ref ="userDaoTarget"   />   
         
< property  name ="proxyInterfaces"  value ="com.bluesky.spring.dao.GeneratorDao"   />
        
<!--  配置事务属性  -->   
        
< property  name ="transactionAttributes" >   
            
< props >   
                
< prop  key ="*" > PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </ prop >
            
</ props >   
        
</ property >   
    
</ bean >   
</ beans >

    第二种方式:所有Bean共享一个代理基类

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
< beans  xmlns ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi
="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xsi:schemaLocation
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd"
>

    
< bean  id ="sessionFactory"   
            class
="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" >   
        
< property  name ="configLocation"  value ="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"   />   
        
< property  name ="configurationClass"  value ="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"   />
    
</ bean >   

    
<!--  定义事务管理器(声明式的事务)  -->   
    
< bean  id ="transactionManager"
        class
="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" >
        
< property  name ="sessionFactory"  ref ="sessionFactory"   />
    
</ bean >
    
    
< bean  id ="transactionBase"   
            class
="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean"   
            lazy-init
="true"  abstract ="true" >   
        
<!--  配置事务管理器  -->   
        
< property  name ="transactionManager"  ref ="transactionManager"   />   
        
<!--  配置事务属性  -->   
        
< property  name ="transactionAttributes" >   
            
< props >   
                
< prop  key ="*" > PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </ prop >   
            
</ props >   
        
</ property >   
    
</ bean >     
   
    
<!--  配置DAO  -->
    
< bean  id ="userDaoTarget"  class ="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl" >
        
< property  name ="sessionFactory"  ref ="sessionFactory"   />
    
</ bean >
    
    
< bean  id ="userDao"  parent ="transactionBase"   >   
        
< property  name ="target"  ref ="userDaoTarget"   />    
    
</ bean >
</ beans >

第三种方式:使用拦截器

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
< beans  xmlns ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi
="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xsi:schemaLocation ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd"
>

    
< bean  id ="sessionFactory"   
            class
="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" >   
        
< property  name ="configLocation"  value ="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"   />   
        
< property  name ="configurationClass"  value ="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"   />
    
</ bean >   

    
<!--  定义事务管理器(声明式的事务)  -->   
    
< bean  id ="transactionManager"
        class
="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" >
        
< property  name ="sessionFactory"  ref ="sessionFactory"   />
    
</ bean >  
   
    
< bean  id ="transactionInterceptor"   
        class
="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor" >   
        
< property  name ="transactionManager"  ref ="transactionManager"   />   
        
<!--  配置事务属性  -->   
        
< property  name ="transactionAttributes" >   
            
< props >   
                
< prop  key ="*" > PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </ prop >   
            
</ props >   
        
</ property >   
    
</ bean >
      
    
< bean  class ="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator" >   
        
< property  name ="beanNames" >   
            
< list >   
                
< value > *Dao </ value >
             </ list >   
        
</ property >   
        
< property  name ="interceptorNames" >   
            
< list >   
                
< value > transactionInterceptor </ value >   
            
</ list >   
        
</ property >   
    
</ bean >   
  
    
<!--  配置DAO  -->
    
< bean  id ="userDao"  class ="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl" >
        
< property  name ="sessionFactory"  ref ="sessionFactory"   />
    
</ bean >
</ beans >

第四种方式:使用tx标签配置的拦截器

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
< beans  xmlns ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi
="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xmlns:tx
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xsi:schemaLocation
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd"
>

    
< context:annotation-config  />
    
< context:component-scan  base-package ="com.bluesky"   />

    
< bean  id ="sessionFactory"   
            class
="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" >   
        
< property  name ="configLocation"  value ="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"   />   
        
< property  name ="configurationClass"  value ="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"   />
    
</ bean >   

    
<!--  定义事务管理器(声明式的事务)  -->   
    
< bean  id ="transactionManager"
        class
="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" >
        
< property  name ="sessionFactory"  ref ="sessionFactory"   />
    
</ bean >

    
< tx:advice  id ="txAdvice"  transaction-manager ="transactionManager" >
        
< tx:attributes >
            
< tx:method  name ="*"  propagation ="REQUIRED"   />
        
</ tx:attributes >
    
</ tx:advice >
    
    
< aop:config >
        
< aop:pointcut  id ="interceptorPointCuts"
            expression
="execution(* com.bluesky.spring.dao.*.*(..))"   />
        
< aop:advisor  advice-ref ="txAdvice"
            pointcut-ref
="interceptorPointCuts"   />         
    
</ aop:config >       
</ beans >

第五种方式:全注解

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
< beans  xmlns ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi
="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xmlns:tx
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xsi:schemaLocation
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd"
>

    
< context:annotation-config  />
    
< context:component-scan  base-package ="com.bluesky"   />

    
< tx:annotation-driven  transaction-manager ="transactionManager" />

    
< bean  id ="sessionFactory"   
            class
="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" >   
        
< property  name ="configLocation"  value ="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"   />   
        
< property  name ="configurationClass"  value ="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"   />
    
</ bean >   

    
<!--  定义事务管理器(声明式的事务)  -->   
    
< bean  id ="transactionManager"
        class
="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" >
        
< property  name ="sessionFactory"  ref ="sessionFactory"   />
    
</ bean >
    
</ beans >

此时在DAO上需加上@Transactional注解,如下:

package  com.bluesky.spring.dao;

import  java.util.List;

import  org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import  org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import  org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport;
import  org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import  com.bluesky.spring.domain.User;

@Transactional
@Component(
" userDao " )
public   class  UserDaoImpl  extends  HibernateDaoSupport  implements  UserDao {

    
public  List < User >  listUsers() {
        
return   this .getSession().createQuery( " from User " ).list();
    }
    
    
}
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