iOS-UIScreen,UIView,UIWindow和UIViewController的介绍和区别

一、参考
View Programming Guide for iOS

http://developer.apple.com/library/ios/#documentation/WindowsViews/Conceptual/ViewPG_iPhoneOS/Introduction/Introduction.html

View Controller Programming Guide for iOS

http://developer.apple.com/library/ios/#featuredarticles/ViewControllerPGforiPhoneOS/Introduction/Introduction.html

UIScreen Class Reference

http://developer.apple.com/library/ios/#documentation/UIKit/Reference/UIScreen_Class/Reference/UIScreen.html

UIView Class Reference

http://developer.apple.com/library/ios/#documentation/UIKit/Reference/UIView_Class/UIView/UIView.html

UIWindow Class Reference

http://developer.apple.com/library/ios/#documentation/UIKit/Reference/UIWindow_Class/UIWindowClassReference/UIWindowClassReference.html

UIViewController Class Reference

http://developer.apple.com/library/ios/#documentation/UIKit/Reference/UIViewController_Class/Reference/Reference.html

二、区别
1、UIScreen可以获取设备屏幕的大小。

//
 整个屏幕的大小 {{0, 0}, {320, 480}}

CGRect
 bounds = [UIScreen mainScreen].bounds;

NSLog(@"UIScreen
 bounds: %@",
 NSStringFromCGRect(bounds));



//
 应用程序窗口大小 {{0, 20}, {320, 460}}

CGRect
 applicationFrame = [UIScreen mainScreen].applicationFrame;

NSLog(@"UIScreen
 applicationFrame: %@",
 NSStringFromCGRect(applicationFrame));

应用程序窗口大小 {{0, 20}, {320, 460}}

2、UIView对象定义了一个屏幕上的一个矩形区域，同时处理该区域的绘制和触屏事件。
可以在这个区域内绘制图形和文字，还可以接收用户的操作。一个UIView的实例可以包含和管理若干个子UIView。

ViewController.m

-
 (void)viewDidAppear:(BOOL)animated

{

    [super
 viewDidAppear:animated];

    UIView*
 myView = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(10, 10, 100, 100)];

    myView.backgroundColor=[UIColor
 redColor];

    [self.view
 addSubview:myView];

}

3、UIWindow对象是所有UIView的根，管理和协调的应用程序的显示
UIWindow类是UIView的子类，可以看作是特殊的UIView。一般应用程序只有一个UIWindow对象，即使有多个UIWindow对象，也只有一个UIWindow可以接受到用户的触屏事件。

AppDelegate.m

-
 (BOOL)application:(UIApplication
 *)application didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions

{

    UIWindow
 *myWindow = [[UIWindow alloc] initWithFrame:[[UIScreen mainScreen] bounds]];

    myWindow.backgroundColor=[UIColor
 whiteColor];

    [myWindow
 makeKeyAndVisible];

    _window
 = myWindow;

    return

YES;

}

4、UIViewController对象负责管理所有UIView的层次结构，并响应设备的方向变化。

AppDelegate.m

-
 (BOOL)application:(UIApplication
 *)application didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions

{

    UIWindow
 *myWindow = [[UIWindow alloc] initWithFrame:[[UIScreen mainScreen] bounds]];

    myWindow.backgroundColor=[UIColor
 whiteColor];

    UIViewController
 *myViewController = [[UIViewController alloc] initWithNibName:nil bundle:nil];

    myWindow.rootViewController
 = myViewController;

    [myWindow
 makeKeyAndVisible];

    _window
 = myWindow;

    return

YES;

}

三、完整的代码

//
 ViewController.h

#import
 <UIKit/UIKit.h>

@interface
 ViewController : UIViewController

@end



//
 ViewController.m

#import
 "ViewController.h"

@implementation
 ViewController

-
 (void)viewDidAppear:(BOOL)animated
 {

    [super
 viewDidAppear:animated];

    UIView*
 myView = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(10, 10, 100, 50)];

    myView.backgroundColor=[UIColor
 redColor];

    [self.view
 addSubview:myView];

}

-
 (BOOL)shouldAutorotateToInterfaceOrientation:(UIInterfaceOrientation)interfaceOrientation
 {

    return

YES;

}

@end



//
 AppDelegate.h

#import
 <UIKit/UIKit.h>

@class

ViewController;

@interface
 AppDelegate : UIResponder <UIApplicationDelegate>

@property
 (strong, nonatomic) UIWindow *window;

@property
 (strong, nonatomic) ViewController *viewController;

@end



//
 AppDelegate.m

#import
 "AppDelegate.h"

#import
 "ViewController.h"

@implementation
 AppDelegate

@synthesize
 window = _window;

@synthesize
 viewController = _viewController;

-
 (BOOL)application:(UIApplication
 *)application didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions

{

    self.window
 = [[UIWindow alloc] initWithFrame:[[UIScreen mainScreen] bounds]];

    self.viewController
 = [[ViewController alloc] initWithNibName:nil bundle:nil]; 

    self.window.rootViewController
 = self.viewController;

    [self.window
 makeKeyAndVisible];

    return

YES;

}

@end



//
 main.m

#import
 <UIKit/UIKit.h>

#import
 "AppDelegate.h"

int

main(int

argc, char

*argv[]) {

    @autoreleasepool
 {

        return

UIApplicationMain(argc, argv, nil, NSStringFromClass([AppDelegate class]));

    }

}