[leetcode] 346. Moving Average from Data Stream 解题报告

题目链接：https://leetcode.com/problems/moving-average-from-data-stream/

Given a stream of integers and a window size, calculate the moving average of all integers in the sliding window.

For example,

MovingAverage m = new MovingAverage(3);
m.next(1) = 1
m.next(10) = (1 + 10) / 2
m.next(3) = (1 + 10 + 3) / 3
m.next(5) = (10 + 3 + 5) / 3

思路：一个队列就可以搞定，如果队列长度大于给定的窗口大小就将队首元素出队列．然后返回当前平均数即可．还有就是类成员初始化的时候要在初始化列表中进行，尽量不要在构造函数体中，内置的简单数据类型效率差不多．但是如果类成员是一个对象，在构造函数体中做赋值操作之前，这个类成员本身已经调用了自身的默认构造函数完成初始化了，也就是说在函数题中只是进行赋值操作．而在成员初始化列表中就不会再调用其默认构造函数了．

代码如下：

class MovingAverage {
public:
    /** Initialize your data structure here. */
    MovingAverage(int size): len(size), sum(0) {
    }
    
    double next(int val) {
        sum += val;
        que.push(val);
        if(que.size() > len)
        {
            sum -= que.front();
            que.pop();
        }
        return sum/que.size();
    }
private:
    int len;
    double sum;
    queue<int> que;
};

/**
 * Your MovingAverage object will be instantiated and called as such:
 * MovingAverage obj = new MovingAverage(size);
 * double param_1 = obj.next(val);
 */