使用C#处理WebBrowser控件中的跨域问题

转自:
http://www.cnblogs.com/heqichang/archive/2012/12/29/2838662.html

另外一篇:
http://blog.csdn.net/zztfj/article/details/7202864

我们在做web测试时,经常会使用WebBrowser来进行一些自动化的任务。而有些网页上面会用IFrame去嵌套别的页面,这些页面可能不是在相同域名下的,这时就会出现跨域问题,无法直接在WebBrowser中获取到IFrame中的元素。下面来做个试验,自己写个页面嵌套一个百度的首页,然后在我们自己的页面上输入要查询的词,最后在百度上自动完成搜索。

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <title></title>
</head>
<body>
    <iframe id="baidu" style="float:left;" width="500" height="500" src="http://www.baidu.com"></iframe>
    <div>
        测试值:<input id="search" type="text" />
    </div>
</body>
</html>

下面再建一个简单的WinForm工程测试一下,界面如下:

这里写图片描述

下面就是WebBrowser的测试代码:

using System;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace WebBrowserTest
{
    public partial class Form1 : Form
    {

        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            this.webBrowser1.Navigate(this.textBox1.Text);
        }

        private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            var doc = this.webBrowser1.Document;
            var frames = doc.Window.Frames;
            String testValue = doc.GetElementById("search").GetAttribute("value");
            frames[0].Document.GetElementById("kw").SetAttribute("value", testValue);
            frames[0].Document.GetElementById("su").InvokeMember("click");

        }

    }
}

我们运行我们的测试程序后,加载之前我们自己写的页面后,在自己的页面上输入我们要查询的词,点击测试按钮,就会看到程序报未处理 UnauthorizedAccessException错误:
这里写图片描述

下面来编写一个Helper类来解决这个问题,主要原理大致就是利用IWebBrowser2这个接口来获取Ifream中的Dom,IWebBrowser2中的document可以转换为IHtmlDocument1,IHtmlDocument2,IHtmlDocument3。

复制代码
using System;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using mshtml;

namespace WebBrowserTest
{
// This is the COM IServiceProvider interface, not System.IServiceProvider .Net interface!
[ComImport(), ComVisible(true), Guid(“6D5140C1-7436-11CE-8034-00AA006009FA”),
InterfaceTypeAttribute(ComInterfaceType.InterfaceIsIUnknown)]
public interface IServiceProvider
{
[return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.I4)]
[PreserveSig]
int QueryService(ref Guid guidService, ref Guid riid, [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Interface)] out object ppvObject);
}

public enum OLECMDF
{
    OLECMDF_DEFHIDEONCTXTMENU = 0x20,
    OLECMDF_ENABLED = 2,
    OLECMDF_INVISIBLE = 0x10,
    OLECMDF_LATCHED = 4,
    OLECMDF_NINCHED = 8,
    OLECMDF_SUPPORTED = 1
}

public enum OLECMDID
{
    OLECMDID_PAGESETUP = 8,
    OLECMDID_PRINT = 6,
    OLECMDID_PRINTPREVIEW = 7,
    OLECMDID_PROPERTIES = 10,
    OLECMDID_SAVEAS = 4
}

public enum OLECMDEXECOPT
{
    OLECMDEXECOPT_DODEFAULT,
    OLECMDEXECOPT_PROMPTUSER,
    OLECMDEXECOPT_DONTPROMPTUSER,
    OLECMDEXECOPT_SHOWHELP
}

[ComImport, Guid("D30C1661-CDAF-11d0-8A3E-00C04FC9E26E"), TypeLibType(TypeLibTypeFlags.FOleAutomation | TypeLibTypeFlags.FDual | TypeLibTypeFlags.FHidden)]
public interface IWebBrowser2
{
    [DispId(100)]
    void GoBack();
    [DispId(0x65)]
    void GoForward();
    [DispId(0x66)]
    void GoHome();
    [DispId(0x67)]
    void GoSearch();
    [DispId(0x68)]
    void Navigate([In] string Url, [In] ref object flags, [In] ref object targetFrameName, [In] ref object postData, [In] ref object headers);
    [DispId(-550)]
    void Refresh();
    [DispId(0x69)]
    void Refresh2([In] ref object level);
    [DispId(0x6a)]
    void Stop();
    [DispId(200)]
    object Application { [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.IDispatch)] get; }
    [DispId(0xc9)]
    object Parent { [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.IDispatch)] get; }
    [DispId(0xca)]
    object Container { [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.IDispatch)] get; }
    [DispId(0xcb)]
    object Document { [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.IDispatch)] get; }
    [DispId(0xcc)]
    bool TopLevelContainer { get; }
    [DispId(0xcd)]
    string Type { get; }
    [DispId(0xce)]
    int Left { get; set; }
    [DispId(0xcf)]
    int Top { get; set; }
    [DispId(0xd0)]
    int Width { get; set; }
    [DispId(0xd1)]
    int Height { get; set; }
    [DispId(210)]
    string LocationName { get; }
    [DispId(0xd3)]
    string LocationURL { get; }
    [DispId(0xd4)]
    bool Busy { get; }
    [DispId(300)]
    void Quit();
    [DispId(0x12d)]
    void ClientToWindow(out int pcx, out int pcy);
    [DispId(0x12e)]
    void PutProperty([In] string property, [In] object vtValue);
    [DispId(0x12f)]
    object GetProperty([In] string property);
    [DispId(0)]
    string Name { get; }
    [DispId(-515)]
    int HWND { get; }
    [DispId(400)]
    string FullName { get; }
    [DispId(0x191)]
    string Path { get; }
    [DispId(0x192)]
    bool Visible { get; set; }
    [DispId(0x193)]
    bool StatusBar { get; set; }
    [DispId(0x194)]
    string StatusText { get; set; }
    [DispId(0x195)]
    int ToolBar { get; set; }
    [DispId(0x196)]
    bool MenuBar { get; set; }
    [DispId(0x197)]
    bool FullScreen { get; set; }
    [DispId(500)]
    void Navigate2([In] ref object URL, [In] ref object flags, [In] ref object targetFrameName, [In] ref object postData, [In] ref object headers);

    [DispId(0x1f5)]
    OLECMDF QueryStatusWB([In] OLECMDID cmdID);

    [DispId(0x1f6)]
    void ExecWB([In] OLECMDID cmdID, [In] OLECMDEXECOPT cmdexecopt, ref object pvaIn, IntPtr pvaOut);

    [DispId(0x1f7)]
    void ShowBrowserBar([In] ref object pvaClsid, [In] ref object pvarShow, [In] ref object pvarSize);
    [DispId(-525)]
    WebBrowserReadyState ReadyState { get; }
    [DispId(550)]
    bool Offline { get; set; }
    [DispId(0x227)]
    bool Silent { get; set; }
    [DispId(0x228)]
    bool RegisterAsBrowser { get; set; }
    [DispId(0x229)]
    bool RegisterAsDropTarget { get; set; }
    [DispId(0x22a)]
    bool TheaterMode { get; set; }
    [DispId(0x22b)]
    bool AddressBar { get; set; }
    [DispId(0x22c)]
    bool Resizable { get; set; }
}

class CorssDomainHelper
{
    private static Guid IID_IWebBrowserApp = new Guid("0002DF05-0000-0000-C000-000000000046");
    private static Guid IID_IWebBrowser2 = new Guid("D30C1661-CDAF-11D0-8A3E-00C04FC9E26E");

    // Utility for IE cross domain access
    // Returns null in case of failure.
    public static IHTMLDocument3 GetDocumentFromWindow(IHTMLWindow2 htmlWindow)
    {

        if (htmlWindow == null)
        {
            return null;
        }

        // First try the usual way to get the document.
        try
        {
            IHTMLDocument2 doc = htmlWindow.document;
            return (IHTMLDocument3)doc;
        }
        catch (COMException comEx)
        {

            // I think COMException won't be ever fired but just to be sure ...

        }
        catch (UnauthorizedAccessException)
        {

        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {

            return null;
        }

        // At this point the error was E_ACCESSDENIED because the frame contains a document from another domain.
        // IE tries to prevent a cross frame scripting security issue.
        try
        {
            // Convert IHTMLWindow2 to IWebBrowser2 using IServiceProvider.
            IServiceProvider sp = (IServiceProvider)htmlWindow;

            // Use IServiceProvider.QueryService to get IWebBrowser2 object.
            Object brws = null;
            sp.QueryService(ref IID_IWebBrowserApp, ref IID_IWebBrowser2, out brws);

            // Get the document from IWebBrowser2.
            IWebBrowser2 browser = (IWebBrowser2)(brws);

            return (IHTMLDocument3)browser.Document;
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(ex);
        }

        return null;
    }
}

}
复制代码

最后将我们的运行代码改为如下形式,调用Helper类中的GetDocumentFromWindow方法:

using System;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using mshtml;

namespace WebBrowserTest
{
    public partial class Form1 : Form
    {

        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            this.webBrowser1.Navigate(this.textBox1.Text);
        }

        private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            var doc = this.webBrowser1.Document;
            var frames = doc.Window.Frames;
            String testValue = doc.GetElementById("search").GetAttribute("value");
            IHTMLDocument3 baiduDoc = CorssDomainHelper.GetDocumentFromWindow(frames[0].DomWindow as IHTMLWindow2);
            baiduDoc.getElementById("kw").setAttribute("value", testValue);
            baiduDoc.getElementById("su").click();

        }
    }
}

最后运行一下程序可以看到我们可以正常获取到百度上的元素了。

补充一下路过秋天说的问题:

其实关于这些接口其实我也没有很深入的研究过,不过网上倒是能搜到很多相关资料介绍这些接口的不同,我这里给一个链接:

http://hi.baidu.com/christole/item/1c8dfd1a791a53643f87ced8

然后关于我上面的代码为什么要使用IHMLDocument3,而不是其它两个接口,因为IHMLDocument3这个接口里面定义了我需要的getElementById这个方法。

通过查看MSDN,你可以找到你需要的属性或者方法,然后直接在代码里面转换为你需要的类型使用就可以了,它们之间都是可以互相转化的。比如上面我用完了getElementById方法,我需要查看网页的title,那么可以将我上面的baiduDoc变量强制转为IHMLDocument2,然后就可以直接使用它的title属性了。

参考链接:

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa752052(v=vs.85).aspx

http://codecentrix.blogspot.com/2007/10/when-ihtmlwindow2getdocument-returns.html

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa752641(v=VS.85).aspx

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